1、考研英语-试卷 151及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The kids who grew up on “Star Trek“ can“t find (1)_ way around Earth. Americans can (2
2、)_ direct to England, but only half can find (3)_ on a map of Europe. They can fly almost (4)_ in the United States for a few hundred dollars, but they put New York State in 37 places on both coasts. When they look for the United States (5)_, they (6)_ it in China, Australia, Brazil, Russia, India a
3、nd Botswana. For people who are supposed to be leaders of the (7)_ world, Americans are (8)_ dumb, according to a survey conducted for the National Geographic Society. In many school (9)_, geography has been mixed with history (10)_ melted down into social studies. Social studies has been processed
4、into“ teacher resource packages “and (11)_ of good writing, excitement, color and any ideas that aren“t simplistic; too (12)_ and too deadening to hold students“ attention. In the last few years, evidence of America s educational (13)_ has prompted hundreds of studies, generated baskets (14)_ legisl
5、ation and moved parents into advocacy groups. But there“s (15)_ to show that the trend has been (16)_. NO matter (17)_ you try, you can“t make it seem (18)_ that many Americans say pandas come from Panama, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Vietnam or (19)_ Iraq, and Columbus was trying to get to
6、 Europe when he bumped into (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.it“sB.theC.theirD.aA.writeB.flyC.dialD.driveA.themB.himC.outD.itA.somewhereB.anywhereC.anytimeD.everywhereA.itselfB.themselvesC.for themselvesD.by itselfA.markB.spotC.recognizeD.findA.toughB.freeC.cruelD.realA.geographicallyB.especiallyC.somewhatD.extrem
7、elyA.schemesB.systemsC.organismsD.subjectsA.andB.orC.whichD.whileA.dreamedB.ConsistedC.cheatedD.robbedA.darkB.brightC.yellowD.grayA.priorityB.inferiorityC.short backsD.controversyA.full ofB.withC.according toD.out ofA.a littleB.littleC.a fewD.fewA.stoppedB.followedC.reversedD.appreciatedA.howB.ifC.w
8、hetherD.don“tA.comicB.funnyC.laughableD.ludicrousA.may beB.on the contraryC.insteadD.maybeA.the PacificB.SpainC.the AtlanticD.America二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by ch
9、oosing A, B, C or D._Karim Nasser Miran lives on a bench in the Charles de Gaulle Airport on the outskirts of Paris. He has been living there for 11 years. Amazingly, this little seat by a basement shopping mall, between a pizzeria and a fast-food stand has been the only place he has been allowed to
10、 stay for all that time. His possessions are crammed into an airport trolleys, which is always beside him. He has a sports bag which holds his few clothes, a shopping bag with his washing soap and other bathroom goods, and books and his diaries which he keeps in cardboard boxes. For years, the 54-ye
11、ar-old Miran has been trying to leave Charles de Gaulle Airport but authorities will not let him out of the air port. This strange set of circumstances has continued for 11 years. Miran was born in Iran, but is stateless because he has no documents to prove his citizenry. They have been lost. For th
12、is reason he cannot get a passport. Miran says that his mother is Danish or Scottish. His father died when Miran was just over 20 years old, so he left I ran for Britain searching for his mother. He could not find her, and returned to Iran. He lost his citizenship and tried to return to Britain. Whe
13、n the British asked him about relatives who could guarantee him a job, he could not tell the immigration officials their names as he was still searching for,.them. He tried to enter Germany, Russia and Holland without success. He managed to get into Belgium where he was“given refugee status. Five ye
14、ars later he left for France, but he says the document which gave him refugee status, and the right to travel, was stolen from him. He could not leave the Charles de Gaulle Airport. This;vas in 1988. Eleven years later he was still searching for them. To start with, friendly airport workers gave him
15、 free meals, and let him use the shower and toilets there. They even gave him access to a phone, and called the airport doctor when Miran did not feel well. Miran became such a permanent fixture of Terminal One that all the workers started to call him Monsieur Alfred. Each day they greeted him, each
16、 day Miran wrote in his diary in order to keep trace of his own world, and each day he failed to release himself from his giant, glass-and-concrete prison. But in 1999, Miran became confident that he might be able to leave the airport terminal and start a new life. Officials told him they finally lo
17、cated a key document, issued in 1981 but lost in 1988, which could be his ticket to freedom. Even after eleven years in the airport terminal, Miran said he had not lost hope. He did a correspondence course to help to educate himself. Every day the airport post office carefully set aside all the mail
18、 addressed to him with his written lessons to be done. Every day he set, all alarm clock to ring at 7 a.m. and after his tea and food he would begin studying. The ambition he built up was to return to Brussels to do a degree.（分数：10.00）(1).The Charles de Gaulle Airport is located _.（分数：2.00）A.in the
19、outlying district of ParisB.in the center of ParisC.far from ParisD.near Paris(2).Why Miran was not allowed to leave the Charles de Gaulle Airport?（分数：2.00）A.Because he is an Iranian.B.Because he has no citizenship of France.C.Because he is stateless,D.Because he is a refugee.(3).Which of the follow
20、ing countries has Miran not been to?（分数：2.00）A.France.B.Belgium.C.Germany.D.England.(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The airport workers treated him friendly at first, but became indifferent later.B.The officials finally found the lost document which
21、could prove Miran“s state of refugee.C.Miran tried hard to release himself from the airport but there was no possibility to leave.D.Miran was allowed to leave the airport in 1999 and he started a new life since then.(5).Where would Miran probably go if he could leave the airport?（分数：2.00）A.He would
22、probably go back to Iran.B.He would probably stay in France.C.He would probably head for England.D.He would probably go to Belgium.As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth-century North American colonies, the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it. Only a few silversmith
23、s were available in New York or Boston in the late seventeenth century, but in the eighteenth-century they could be found in all major colonial cities. No other colonial artisans rivaled the silversmiths“ prestige. They handled the most expensive material and passed direct connections to prosperous
24、colonial merchants. Their products, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to their customers“ prominence. Silver stood as one of the surest ways to store wealth at a time before neighborhood banks existed. Unlike the silver coins from which they were made, s
25、ilver articles were readily identifiable. Often formed to individual specifications, they always carried the silversmith“s distinctive markings and consequently could be traced and retrieved. Customers generally secured the silver for the silver objects they ordered. They saved coins, took them to s
26、miths, and discussed the type of pieces they desired. Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money in a small furnace, adding a bit of copper to form a stronger alloy, and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to the appropriate thickness by hand, shap
27、ed them, and pressed designs into them for adornment. Engraving was also done by hand. In addition to plates and bowls, some customers sought more intricate products, such as silver teapots. These were made by shaping or casting pans separately and then soldering them together. Colonial coppersmithi
28、ng also came of age in the early eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities. Copper“s ability to conduct heat efficiently and to resist corrosion contributed to its attractiveness. But because it was expensive in colonial America, coppersmiths were never very numerous. Virtually all copper
29、worked by smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recycling old copper goods. Copper was used for practical items, but it was not admired for its beauty. Coppersmiths employed it to fashion pots and kettles for the home. They shaped it in much the same manner as silver or melted it in a foundry
30、 with lead or tin. They also mixed it with zinc to make brass for maritime and scientific instruments.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following eighteenth-century developments had a strong impact on silversmiths?（分数：2.00）A.A decrease in the cost of silver.B.The invention of heat
31、 efficient furnaces.C.The growing economic prosperity of colonial merchants.D.The development of new tools used to shape silver.(2).In colonial America, where did silversmiths usually obtain the material to make silver articles?（分数：2.00）A.From their own mines.B.From importers.C.From other silversmit
32、hs.D.From customers.(3).The passage mentions all of the following as uses for copper in colonial America EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.cooking potsB.scientific instrumentsC.musical instrumentsD.maritime instruments(4).According to the passage, silversmiths and coppersmiths in colonial America were similar in
33、which of the following ways?（分数：2.00）A.The amount of social prestige they had.B.The way they shaped the metal they worked with.C.The cost of the goods they made.D.The practicality of the goods they made.(5).Based on the information in paragraph 4, which of the following was probably true about coppe
34、r in the colonies?（分数：2.00）A.The copper used by colonists was not effective in conducting heat.B.The copper items created by colonial coppersmiths were not skillfully made.C.There were no local copper mines from which copper could be obtained.D.The price of copper suddenly decreased.Historians have
35、only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and service that took place in eighteenth century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm“s remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferations of provincial theaters, musical festiv
36、als, and children“s toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries? An answer to the flint of these has been difficult to obtain. Alth
37、ough it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know ho
38、w large this consumer market was and how far clown the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth century. English history, has probably ex
39、aggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why con
40、sumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumptions stimulated by competition for status. The “middling
41、 sort“ bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of indivi
42、dualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What for example does th
43、e production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly neces
44、sary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of re cent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most prob
45、ably in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in eighteenth century EnglandB.indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to eighteenth century English historyC.give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumeri
46、sm in eighteenth century EnglandD.support the contention that key questions about eighteenth century consumerism remain to be answered(2).According to the passage, Thompson attributes to laboring people in eighteenth century England, which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?（分数
47、：2.00）A.Enthusiasm.B.Hostility.C.Ambivalence.D.Stubbornness.(3).In the third paragraph, the author use the example of laboring people tending to drink standardized beer to _.（分数：2.00）A.contrast different people“s consumer behaviorB.illustrate people “s motives of buying luxury goodsC.question some h
48、istorians“ assumptionsD.show laboring people“s objection to the capitalist consumerism(4).According to the passage, a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption has been used to _.（分数：2.00）A.investigate the extent of the demand for luxury goodsB.classify the kinds of luxury goods desired by eighteenth century consumersC.explain the motivation of eighteenth century consumers to buy luxury goodsD.establish the extent to which the tastes of rich consumers were shaped by the middle classes in eighteenth century England(5).It
