1、考研英语-试卷 150及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Cigarettes can seriously damage your countryside. Fanned by 112km/h Santa Ana winds, f
2、ire swept across 4,250 hectares near the mountain community of Alpine, California. More than 650 people were (1)_ immediately from their homes. As 800 firefighters (2)_ to control the conflagration (a large, destructive fire 大火), (3)_ of smoke (4)_ over 9,000m and sent clouds of (5)_ drifting across
3、 San Diego, nearly 50km away. A (6)_ of air tankers (a cargo plane carrying water or fuel 运送水或燃料的飞机) and helicopters (7)_ water and fire-retarding (8)_ over the area. Firefighters believe the (9)_ was started by a (10)_ discarded cigarette. California, (11)_ raining at this time of year, had only 1m
4、m of precipitation (rain; a quantity of rain in a specific area at a specific time) in December, making (12)_ the state“s (13)_ winter month in 70 years. In the 1970“s (14)_ homes and ranches in the mountains near Alpine were (15)_ by wildfire. After that (16)_ resident Mary Titus wrote herself (17)
5、_ about what to do, should another fire (18)_ force her to flee. “I had a list of (19)_ I could take if I had five minutes and a list of what I could take if I had 30 minutes.“ She said, “I had 30 minutes, I was (20)_ “（分数：40.00）A.evacuatedB.slipC.runD.rushA.struckB.foughtC.struggledD.trialA.setsB.c
6、olumnsC.rowsD.arraysA.roseB.riseC.raiseD.raisedA.ashB.assC.asD.ahA.armadaB.lineC.fleetD.groupA.splashedB.droppedC.fellD.drippedA.chemicalsB.substanceC.chemistryD.elementA.sparkB.flashC.blazeD.glowA.singleB.uniqueC.rareD.onlyA.formallyB.normallyC.morallyD.formerlyA.itB.thatC.whichD.whatA.wetB.dryC.dr
7、ierD.driestA.mainB.largeC.majorD.principalA.destroyingB.destroyedC.destructedD.destructingA.experimentB.trialC.experienceD.eventA.remindersB.notesC.diariesD.warningA.stillB.everC.neverD.yetA.whatB.thatC.whichD.itA.luckB.unluckyC.luckyD.unfortunate二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II R
8、eading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Permit me first to thank our Chinese hosts for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality. My wife and I, as well as our entire party, are deeply grateful. In t
9、he short period of six days, we have gone a longer distance than the Long March. We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world. More than eight years have passed since vice premier Deng Xiaoping and I jo
10、ined hands to establish full diplomatic relations between our two great nations. Our hope and vision was to forge a Sino-American relationship which would contribute to world peace and the welfare of our two peoples. I personally looked upon the forging of firm Sino-American ties as a historically s
11、ignificant experiment. We faced the question in 1978, as to some extent we still do today: Can two nations as different as oursyours one of the oldest civilizations on earth, mine one of the youngest; yours a socialist state and mine committed to capitalism; yours a developing country and mine a dev
12、eloped onecan two nations surmount and indeed draw upon these differences to build an unprecedented and distinctive relationship in world affairs? If we are successful, in one great step our two nations will have been able to ease one of the greatest sources of tension in international affairs: that
13、 between the developing and developed worlds. We still have a long way to go, and it is still too early to conclude that our experiment will culminate in success, but certainly the results of the first ten years are promising. Sino-American ties have become extensive, affecting all aspects of our na
14、tional lives: commerce, culture, education, scientific exchange and our separate national security policies. I“m most proud of the large number of Chinese students being educated in our countrynow about 18000. I teach some of them and see the benefits that come from this exchange. At the same time,
15、we are learning valuable lessons from you. Nonetheless, problems remain in our economic, educational and strategic relations. As a private American citizen I recognize that many of the burdens and opportunities of our relationship have now passed to the non-governmental sectors of our two societies:
16、 to individuals, our corporations, universities, research institutes, foundations, and so on. There is no doubt that Sino-American relations have reached a new stage. In this context, it is important for our two societies to search for areas of cooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit. In
17、 that regard, I“m delighted that Global 2000-BCCI is launching two projects in the area of public health. Although ours is relatively quite small, such activities, when combined with our common foreign policy interests and a growing commercial relationship, should help to remove the lingering fragil
18、ity in Si- no-American relations.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “.we have gone a longer distance than the Long March“ in the first paragraph, the speaker intends to_.（分数：2.00）A.show that their visit is more important than the Long MarchB.show that they are very busy during the visitC.inform the audience of
19、 his tiresome feeling of his long distance travelD.emphasize the success his visit to China(2).The Sino-American relationship is of great importance because_.（分数：2.00）A.the two nations are different in their systemsB.the two nations are big onesC.the world peace and the welfare of the two peoples ma
20、y be further guaranteedD.the two nations belong to different worlds(3).According to paragraph 3, the author tries to emphasize_.（分数：2.00）A.the promising future of Sino-American relationshipB.the difficulties involved in Sino-American relationshipC.the differences between the two nationsD.the slim po
21、ssibilities in further developing the relations between the two nations(4).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?_.（分数：2.00）A.The speaker has been deeply impressed by the great change in China.B.The speaker has little confidence in the future of Sino-American relatio
22、ns.C.There are still many problems to be solved concerning Sino-American relations.D.There are more and more non-governmental contacts between the two nations.(5).Which of the following may best describe the tone of the speech by the former U.S. President Carter?（分数：2.00）A.Doubtful and uncertainB.Fr
23、iendly and hopefulC.Serious and criticalD.Casual and friendlyThe physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist is exploring the properties of a new substance, the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life, and the anthropologist searching for human orig
24、ins share a common trait curiosity. Not that nonscientists are not curious; most people possess this characteristic. The scientist, however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic problemsthe scientific method. Unfortunately, science and its method are misunderstood. The mult
25、iplication of our knowledge in medicine and technology has led to idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth, science can“t provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations. On the
26、other side of the coin, science has been attacked as a cause of most contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization of the individual, for stripping creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to the species through the development of nuclear power
27、, insecticide and polluting machinery. If we analyze the situation, we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what society, policymakers especially, does with scien
28、tific and achievements that makes them social or antisocial. There is nothing inherently good or bad about science.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? _.（分数：2.00）A.Scientists and their curiosityB.Understandings of scienceC.Science and scientific methodD.Misundersta
29、ndings of science(2).The last sentence of paragraph 2 could be explained as which of the following? _.（分数：2.00）A.Many phenomena can be subjects of scientific explanationsB.Many phenomena can find answers in scientific explanationsC.Scientific explanations can“t provide answers to many phenomenaD.Sci
30、entific explanations are not related to many phenomena(3).The expression “to debase humankind“ in para. 3 could be explained as_.（分数：2.00）A.to provide base to humankindB.to reduce the value of humankindC.to get rid of humankindD.to compete with humankind(4).According to the last paragraph, which of
31、the following will be accepted by the author?_.（分数：2.00）A.Science is the cause of modem problemsB.Science itself is neither good nor badC.Science leads to environmental pollutionD.Science causes many antisocial acts(5).In the expression “On the other side of the coin “in Para. 3 “the coin “is used t
32、o refer to _.（分数：2.00）A.the misunderstanding of scienceB.the scientific explanationC.the money needed in scientific researchD.the curiosity of scientists and nonscientistsPeople have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed, h is not easy to explain why one person is
33、 intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but tw
34、o distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ sid
35、e of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains
36、 that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture “theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we wil
37、l act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists“ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Either
38、 of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.（分数：10.00）(1).Which one of the following statements would supporters of the “n
39、ature“ theory agree with?（分数：2.00）A.A person“s instincts have little effect on his actionB.Environment is important in determining a person“s behavior and personalityC.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we actD.The behaviorists“ view correctly explains how we act(2).Which one of the f
40、ollowing statements would proponents of the “nurture “theory agree with?_.（分数：2.00）A.Person“s character is greatly influenced by his environmentB.Behaviorist theory is not correctC.Biologically based instincts are important in how we actD.Environment has little to do with behavior(3).B.F. Skinner_.（
41、分数：2.00）A.supports the nature theoryB.believes in the importance of genes in determining personalityC.thinks the environment plays an important role in determining characterD.believes instincts govern behavior(4).Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article_.（分数：2.00）A.suppo
42、rts the nature theoryB.supports the nurture theoryC.believes both are completely wrongD.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories(5).In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests, with this in mind, which one of
43、 the following statements is NOT TRUE?_.（分数：2.00）A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to BlacksB.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environmentC.Behaviorists would say that Black often lack the educational and e
44、nvironmental nadvantages that Whites enjoyD.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to whitesLearning science helps children to develop ways of understanding the world around them. For this they have to build up concepts which help them link their experiences together
45、; they must learn ways of gaining and organizing information and of applying and testing ideas. This contributes not only to children“s ability to make better sense of things around them, but prepares them to deal more effectively with wider decision-making and problem-solving in their lives. Scienc
46、e is as basic a part of education as numeracy and literacy; it daily becomes more important as the complexity of technology increases and touches every part of our lives. Learning science can bring a double benefit because science is both a method and a set of ideas; both a process and a product. Th
47、e process of science provide a way of finding out information, testing ideas and seeking explanations. The products of science are ideas which can be applied in helping to understand new experiences. The word “can“ is used advisedly here; it indicates that there is the potential to bring these benef
48、its but no guarantee that they will be realized without taking the appropriate steps. In learning science the development of the process side and the product side must go hand in hand; they are totally interdependent. This has important implications for the kinds of activities children need to encounter in their education. But before pursuing these implications, there are still two further important points which underline the value of including science in primary education. The f
