1、考研英语-试卷 14 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era
2、 of easy oil is over. What we all do next will (1)_ how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_. Demand is (3)_ like never before. As populations grow and economies take (4)_ millions in the developing world are enjoying the (5)_ of a lifestyle that requires increa
3、sing amounts of energy. (6)_, some say that in 20 years the world will (7)_ 40% more oil and gas fields are maturing. And new energy (8)_ are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (9)_, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets tighter supplies, t
4、he result is more (10)_ for the same resources. We can wait (11)_ a crisis forces us to do something. Or we can (12)_ to working together, and start by asking the tough questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of (13)_ nations? What role will renewables and (14)_
5、energies play? What is the best way to protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts? (15)_ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_ to the next 50 years. We believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the cornerstones (17)_ which to build t
6、his new world. We cannot do this (18)_. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution (19)_ surely as they are part of the problem. We call upon scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of y
7、ou to be part of (20)_ the next era of energy.（分数：40.00）A.declineB.determineC.declaimD.decideA.beyondB.afterC.behindD.besidesA.raisingB.breakingC.toweringD.soaringA.inB.offC.onD.uponA.profitsB.benefitsC.earningsD.goodsA.In factB.To sum upC.GenerallyD.By the wayA.costB.consumeC.commendD.recommendA.di
8、scoveriesB.recoveriesC.depositsD.disclosureA.distractB.abstractC.contractD.extractA.matchB.contestC.conflictD.competitionA.untilB.whenC.afterD.beforeA.addictB.entrustC.commitD.confideA.industrialB.industrializedC.industriousD.industriesA.selectiveB.captiveC.optionalD.alternativeA.WhateverB.WhoseverC
9、.HoweverD.WheneverA.instead ofB.ifC.butD.howeverA.onB.aroundC.inD.byA.lonelyB.aloneC.lonesomeD.onlyA.asB.soC.tooD.suchA.revealingB.retracingC.retortingD.reshaping二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the qu
10、estions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._World oil production is about to reach a peak and go into its final decline. For years, a handful of petroleum geologists, including me, have been predicting peak oil before 2007, but in an era of cheap oil, few people listened. Lately, several major
11、 oil companies seem to have got the message. One of Chevron“s ads says the world is currently burning 2 bbl. of oil for every barrel of new oil discovered. Exxon Mobil says 1987 was the last year that we found more oil worldwide than we burned. Shell reports that it will expand its Canadian oil-sand
12、s operations but elsewhere will focus on finding natural gas and not oil. It sounds as though Shell is kissing the oil business goodbye. M. King Hubbert, a geophysicist, correctly predicted in 1956 that oil production in the U.S. would peak in the early 1970sthe moment now known as “Hubbert“s Peak“,
13、 I believe world oil production is about to reach a similar peak. Finding oil is like fishing in a pond. After several months, you notice that you are not catching as many fish. You could buy an expensive fly rod-new technology. Or you could decide that you have al ready caught most of the fish in t
14、he pond. Although increased oil prices (which ought to spur investment in oil production) and new technology help, they can“t work magic. Recent discoveries are modest at best. The oil sands in Canada and Venezuela are extensive, hut the Canadian operations to convert the deposits into transportable
15、 oil consume, large amounts of natural gas, which is in short supply. And technology cannot eliminate the difficulty Hubbert identified: the rate of producing oil depends on the fraction of oil that has not yet been produced. In other words, the fewer the fish in the pond, the harder it is to catch
16、one. Peak production occurs at the halfway point. Based on the available data about new oil fields, there are 2,013 billion bbl. of total producible oil. Adding up the oil produced from the birth of the industry until today, we will reach the dreaded 1,006.5 billion bbl. halfway mark late this year.
17、 For two years, I“ve been predicting that world oil production would reach its peak on Thanksgiving Day 2005. Today, with high oil prices pushing virtually all oil producers to pull up every barrel they can sweat out of the ground, I think it might happen even earlier.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are some majo
18、r oil companies mentioned in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.To show the concern of these companies about oil problem.B.To prove what the author said is true.C.To illustrate the importance of these companies.D.To explain the cause of the oil problem.(2).The phrase “Hubbert“s Peak“(Paragraph 1) here r
19、efers to（分数：2.00）A.the time when the oil production of the world would peak.B.the time when the oil found in the world would peak.C.the time when the oil burning of the U.S. would peak.D.the time when the oil production of the U.S. would peak.(3).What does the author mean by saying the “recent disco
20、veries are modest“?（分数：2.00）A.People stop searching for oil.B.People decrease the production of oil.C.People use less oil than they used to.D.The oil exploitation is limited.(4).The author uses the simile of fish and pond to explain that（分数：2.00）A.new technologies can help in finding oil.B.we should
21、 not search for oil only in one place.C.oil can be reproduced like fish in the pond.D.there is a peak point in oil production.(5).From the text we can conclude that the author（分数：2.00）A.is sympathetic to Shell.B.worries about the oil industry.C.takes a neutral attitude towards oil industry.D.is opti
22、mistic about the oil production.There is nothing like the joy of finding out that something sinful is actually good for you, whether it“s sex, chocolate or a glass of fine zed wineor, for that matter, beer, whisky or a satisfying aperitif. We“ve long heard exciting hints that red wine has unique ben
23、efits for the heart. But the same sunny reputation for heart health is now starting to shine on all liquor. “No matter where you look, the dominant alcoholic beverage is beneficialwhether it“s red wine in France and Italy, sake in Japan or beer in Germany,“ says Dr. Walter Willett, chair of nutritio
24、n at the Harvard School of Public Health. This has led researchers to an inescapable conclusion. As healthful as components of red wine may be, the primary benefit must come from ethanol itself. In short, it“s the alcohol, stupid. But don“t go overboard. Protection comes only with light to moderate
25、intaketwo drinks a day for men or a miserly one a day for women. The major benefit of alcohol seems to come from its ability to boost levels of HDL, the good cholesterol that helps keep arteries clear of plaque. Ethanol does that by signaling the liver to make more of a substance called Apo Al, the
26、major protein in HDL. The effects can be striking. “Depending on the individual, you can get increases of 10 to 30 percent in HDL in a week,“ says Harvard epidemiologist Eric Rimm. Alcohol also makes blood less sticky and less likely to form clots that cause heart attacks and strokes. It also appear
27、s to have mild anti-inflammatory effects. And it enhances insulin sensitivitywhich may explain why moderate alcohol consumption correlates with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. But alcohol is a dietary Jekyll and Hyde. Heavy intake can raise blood pressure, increase irregular heartbeat, and lea
28、d to heart failure. The most sobering news concerns cancer. A recent analysis of 156 studies found that as alcohol intake increases, so do risks of tumors in the mouth, and liver. Even moderate drinking can boost breast-cancer risk a small amount. Is moderate drinking worth the risks? For some peopl
29、epregnant women, people with liver disease or a history of alcoholismthe answer is no. But for most of us, the benefits will probably outweigh the hazards. Whether you sip wine, beer or spirits, your heart may thank you.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Dr. Walter Willett, for good health, people could dri
30、nk（分数：2.00）A.only red-wine.B.beer.C.some whisky.D.any alcohol.(2).It can be inferred from Para 3 that（分数：2.00）A.alcohol can lower the risk-of plaque in arteries.B.some components of wine is bad for health.C.chocolate is good for health.D.alcohol can be used as medicine.(3).By using the word “correla
31、tes“ (Paragraph 3), the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.drinking alcohol might cause diabetes.B.both types of diabetes are related to alcohol consumption.C.drinking alcohol is good for people with diabetes.D.drinking alcohol might lower the risk of diabetes.(4).By “alcohol is a dietary Jekyll and Hyde
32、“, the author means（分数：2.00）A.drinking alcohol can be of both advantage and disadvantage.B.alcohol is necessary for daily diet.C.Jekyll and Hyde is a brand of alcohol.D.drinking alcohol can also be very dangerous.(5).What can we get from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.People can drink alcohol in a mo
33、derate way.B.Alcohol is good for heart health.C.Pregnant women can only intake very few alcohol.D.Alcohol is beneficial to most people.Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and s
34、ensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this
35、information. And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to
36、 avoid it. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one
37、of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator“s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are “handed off“ from one cell tower to another. The data must be
38、cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr. Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBa
39、yes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such a
40、s holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not o
41、nly warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm“s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Trian
42、gle“s traffic forecasts for the coming week.（分数：10.00）(1).To know what is exactly happening on the roads, we don“t need to（分数：2.00）A.dispatch aircraft to spot the traffic.B.guarantee drivers have access to the information system.C.obtain related reports of accident.D.collect data of the positions of
43、 buses.(2).Honda is mentioned in the second paragraph to suggest that（分数：2.00）A.Traffic Message Channel is established in Japan.B.Japan is in the lead in solving traffic problems.C.Honda demonstrated how VICS can be used.D.Only few people can afford to enjoy this service.(3).The use of mobile-phone
44、signals in monitoring traffic is（分数：2.00）A.monopolized by ITIS, a British company.B.promising but still under experiment.C.based on the data from people on roads.D.effective in reducing traffic speeds.(4).JamBayes is different from the previously mentioned technologies as it（分数：2.00）A.helps the driv
45、ers to choose the fastest lane.B.send information to cars in the system.C.is based on a technique modeling to combine various data.D.helps the drivers to avoid congestion.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.Traffic jam remains unavoidable worldwide.B.Traffic forecasts will become
46、as authoritative as the weather forecasts.C.There is always a short cut by using one of these systems.D.New systems will improve the transportation situation.The scourge that“s plaguing cruise linesand causing thousands of tourists to rethink their holiday travel plansdidn“t start this year, nor did
47、 it even start on a ship. It began, as far as the Centers for Disease Control(CDC) can tell, in Norwalk, U.S., in October 1968, when 116 elementary school children and teachers suddenly became iii. The CDC investigated, and the cause was discovered to be a small, spherical, previously unclassified v
48、irus that scientists named, appropriately enough, the Norwalk virus. Flash forward 34 years, and Norwalk-like viruses (there“s a whole family of them) are all over the news as one ocean liner after another limps into port with passengers complaining of nausea and vomiting. The CDC, which gets called in whenever more than 2% of a vessel“s passengers come down with the same disease, identified Norwalk as the infectious agent and oversaw thorough ship cleaningwhich, to the dismay of the owners of the cruise lines, haven“t made the problem g
