1、考研英语-试卷 147及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good (1)_ depends, of course,
2、on the meaning of“ future“. If one is thinking in (2)_ of science fiction and the space age (3)_ at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction have (4)_ the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every (5)
3、_ device to make life smooth, healthy and easy, (6)_ not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. The problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that (7)_ something is done either to restrict the world“s rapid growth
4、in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or, (8)_, suffering from under feeding before this (9)_ is out. But nobody has worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worse situations will occur
5、in the (10)_ parts of the world, where housing can be of light structure, or in backward areas where standards are (11)_ low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of (12)_ kind, and in the crowded, bulging towns the low-standard“ housing“ of flattened petrol mans and dirty canvas is far m
6、ore wasteful (13)_ ground space than can be tolerated. Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to (14)_ in many other places during the next generation. (15)_ millions of refugees arrived to (16)_ the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken to
7、prevent squalor and disease and the (17)_ of crime. Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not (18)_ a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are (19)_ problems of education, transport, water supply and so on. Not every area may h
8、ave the same resources as Hong Kong to (20)_ and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.（分数：40.00）A.transactionB.dealC.definitionD.assumptionA.referenceB.respectC.termsD.consequenceA.he isB.one isC.it isD.we areA.conveyedB.conceivedC.deducedD.formulatedA.conceptu
9、alB.considerateC.conceivableD.complimentaryA.ifB.butC.yetD.althoughA.only ifB.even ifC.in caseD.unlessA.for the betterB.in the leastC.at the mostD.at the bestA.ageB.resourceC.centuryD.problemA.hottestB.coldestC.poorestD.richestA.customarilyB.habituallyC.conventionallyD.traditionallyA.everyB.someC.th
10、isD.certainA.ofB.onC.forD.withA.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouseA.PreciselyB.NumericallyC.LiterallyD.PreviouslyA.swellB.divergeC.inflateD.deleteA.extensionB.disposalC.spreadD.expansionA.likelyB.certainlyC.merelyD.necessarilyA.accompanyingB.associatingC.escortingD.attachingA.stretch outB.stick toC.take inD
11、.draw upon二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When a Shanghai ad consultant was recently asked to recommend young local designers to an internationa
12、l agency, he sent three candidates with years of work experience. But the company decided they weren“t good enough and had to import designers from the West. It“s a common problem that Chinese vocational grads simply haven“t had good enough teaching. Most of the lecturers don“t have any real work ex
13、perience, so they can“t teach useful things. When graduates do get hired, they basically have to be re-educated. China“s rapid economic expansion has exposed many frailties in its education system, especially on the vocational side. The country can“t produce enough skilled workers. In part that“s be
14、cause it invests far more in academic than vocational programs. Funding has fallen significantly since the 1990s. Partly as a result, today only 38 percent or so of China“s high-school-age students attend vocational schools, well below the official target of 50 percent. To address this deficit, last
15、 year Beijing pledged to spend almost $2 billion on 100 new vocational colleges and 1,000 high schools. And this year it started offering annual subsidies to vocational students. But China“s training is too abstract, what“s urgently required are technicians who can come up with a good idea and turn
16、it into a marketable product. Parts of the country are already adapting; in Shenzhen, local institutes offer “made to order“ training for particular businesses. And some vocational colleges have introduced practical research projects. But vocational education faces a deeper problem: its image. China
17、“s middle class is eager to forget its experience with physical labor, and few allow their children to become technical workers. Everyone thinks these are things that low-class people do. Thus China now produces record numbers of college gradswho struggle to find work because they lack the skills fo
18、r manufacturing, where demand is greatest. One fix would be to re-brand vocational subjects as “professional“, not “manual“ skills. At the other end of the spectrum are China“s 100 million-plus rural migrant workers, many of whom have little schooling. They have never learned how to work with others
19、, to live in the city, save money or choose the right job. Thus they find it hard to learn from their jobs or plan their careers. This results in extremely high labor turnover. Teaching and training“ life skills“ to complement vocational programs would help. Yet the urgency of China“s skilled-labor
20、shortfall will force a rethink. For now, China is relying on cheap, low-skilled, labor-intensive production, but it“s not sustainable in the long term, We must raise our skills level, and it“s impossible for state-run colleges to do all the training. Indeed, with the demand for skilled workers growi
21、ng all the time, China will need all the help it can get.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are Chinese vocational grads inferior to their Western counterparts?（分数：2.00）A.Because China spends less on vocational education training.B.Because they simply don“t have enough work experience.C.Because their lecturers are l
22、ess qualified than the foreign ones.D.Because their teachers don“t want to teach any useful things.(2).According to the text, a lower rate of school-aged teenagers enter vocational schools in China mainly because _.（分数：2.00）A.the vocational education lacks government financial support.B.the public d
23、o not think much of the vocational workers.C.few allow their children to become technical workers.D.they fear that they can not find a job after graduation.(3).In the author“s opinion, the best way to solve a more serious problem of Chinese vocational education is _.（分数：2.00）A.to train students to t
24、urn their ideas into products.B.to change people“s biased impression of its image.C.to set up programs to train rural migrant workers.D.to meditate on the deficits of vocational education.(4).By mentioning the problems of Chinese vocational education, the author tends to _.（分数：2.00）A.emphasize that
25、China“s vocational training is too abstractB.inform that the image of vocational work is negativeC.warn that the rural immigrant workers lack vocational trainingD.suggest that the government investment on it is not enough(5).What is the author“s attitude towards vocational education in China?（分数：2.0
26、0）A.Paradoxical.B.Inconsistent.C.Apprehensive.D.Critical.The moon appears to warp the minds of some men. Despite putting men on the moon in 1969 America seems determined on re-enacting the space race, this time pitting its efforts against those of the Chinese. Now a Russian company claims it could d
27、evelop a system to exploit the moon“s natural resources and potentially relocate harmful industries there. This is lunacy. Russia certainly has great prowess in space. In its former guise as the centre of power in the Soviet Union it launched the first man-made satellite in 1957. In a spectacular fo
28、llow up, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space in 1961. Another triumph came in 1968 when the Russians sent a spaceship to orbit the moon with turtles aboard, returning it and its living cargo safely to Earth. An unmanned Russian spacecraft also landed on the moon ahead of the first manned l
29、anding by the Americans. Even after Neil Armstrong took his one small step, Russia has proved its superiority in keeping people in space stations orbiting the Earth. The Russian Soyuz rocket is a mainstay of satellite launches and would be used to rescue astronauts should any accident befall the Int
30、ernational Space Station. Head of the spacecraft manufacturer that helped achieve these Russian successes, this week boasted that his rockets could be used to industrialise the moon. So why were his remarks greeted with such scepticism? One reason for the cynicism is that the idea is absurd. A Unite
31、d Nations treaty passed in 1967 bans potentially harmful interference with the Earth“s original satellite and requires international consultation before proceeding with any activity that could disrupt the peaceful exploration of space, including the moon. A second problem is that landing on the moon
32、 has proved beyond the budget of any state other than America and of any private company to date. In fact one of the best hopes for investment comes from space tourism. On Saturday April 7th, the fifth such holidaymaker entered space aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. Charles Simonyi, an American softwa
33、re developer, paid $25m for his ten-day stay at the International Space Station. The next holiday destination is the moon. The tour operator that organised the first five packages is offering two tickets to orbit the moon for $100m each. Launch would be aboard a Soyuz spacecraft. But the Soyuz syste
34、m was designed in the 1960s and has been on the verge of retirement for many years. Unfortunately the Russian authorities have postponed indefinitely the development of a successor. Thus the claim of the industrialisation of the moon is unlikely to succeed.（分数：10.00）(1).The Underlined word“ lunacy“
35、(Line 4, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.an effort to explore the universe.B.a kind of insane state connected with the moon.C.the ability to transfer harmful industries onto the moon.D.the power to orbit around the moon.(2).Which of the following is not Russian achievement in space exp
36、loration?（分数：2.00）A.The first astronaut who was sent to space.B.The first landing of manned spacecraft on the moon.C.Launching of the first man-made satellite.D.Rockets that can be used to save astronauts in space stations.(3).Why was the claim of the Russian company widely criticized?（分数：2.00）A.Rus
37、sia is not able to develop such advanced space technologies.B.The cost will be too high for a country to afford.C.It violates agreements on the exploration of the moon.D.Landing on the moon needs much more than orbiting it.(4).According to the text, which is the most probable result of the developme
38、nt of space tourism?（分数：2.00）A.It is mainly taken by US software developers such as Charles Simonyi.B.It need the development of new rocket systems to replace the current one.C.It brings to a new round of space race between US and China.D.It witnesses the success of the industrialization of the moon
39、.(5).The Russian company has boasted such claims mainly because they _.（分数：2.00）A.get more financial support from the government.B.explore the moon and acquire more natural resources for human beings.C.transfer harmful industries to the moon to prevent our environment.D.attract more space travelers
40、to develop the space tourism industry.It“s easy to get the sense these days that you“ve stumbled into a party with some powerful drug that dramatically alters identity. The faces are familiar, but the words coming out of them aren“t. Something has happened to a lot of people you used to think you kn
41、ew. They“ve changed into something like their own opposite. There“s Bill Gates, who these days is spending less time earning money than giving it awayand pulling other billionaires into the deep end of global philanthropy(慈善事业) with him. There“s historian Francis Fukuyama, leading a whole gang of di
42、saffected fellow travelers away from neoconservatism. To flip-flopis human. It can still sometimes be a political liability, evidence of a flaky disposition or rank opportunism. But there are circumstances in which not to reverse course seems almost pathological(病态的). He“s a model of consistency, St
43、ephen Colbert said last year of George W. Bush:“ He believes the same thing Wednesday that he believed on Mondayno matter what happened on Tuesday“. Over the past three years, I found people who had pulled a big U-turn in their lives. Often the insight came in a forehead-smiting moment in the middle
44、 of the night: I“ve got it all wrong. It looked at first like a sprinkling of outliers beyond the curve of normal human experience. But when you stepped back, a pattern emerged. What these personal turns had in common was the apprehension that we“re all connected. Everything leans on something, is b
45、oth dependent and depended on. “The difference between you and me“, a visiting Chinese student told University of Michigan psychologist Richard Nisbett not long ago“, is that I think the world is a circle, and you think it“s a line“. The remark prompted the professor to write a book, The Geography o
46、f Thought, about the differences between the Western and the Asian mind. To Western thinking, the world is linear; you can chop it up and analyze it, and we can all work on our little part of the project independently until it“s solved. The classically Eastern mind, according to Nisbett, sees things
47、 differently: the world isn“t a length of rope but a vast, closed chain, incomprehensibly complex and ever changing. When you look at life from this second perspective, some unlikely connections reveal themselves. I realized this was what almost all the U-turns had in common: people had swung around
48、 to face East. They had stopped thinking in a line and started thinking in a circle. Morality was looking less like a set of rules and more like a story, one in which they were part of an ensemble cast, no longer the star.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we infer from first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Some people have changed into someone another.B.Rhere are some drugs that can change one“s identity.C.Some moneybags are pulled to act as philanthropist.D.francis Fukuyama has become a great traveler.(2).The word “flip-flop“(Line 4, P
