1、考研英语-试卷 145及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The “standard of living“ of any country means the average person“s share of the goods
2、and services which the country produces. A country“s standard of living, (1)_, depends first and (2)_ on its capacity to produce wealth“. Wealth“ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (3)_ on things that money can buy. “Goods“ such as food and clothing, and “services“ such as trans
3、port and “ (4)_ “. A country“s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of (5)_ have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (6)_ a great extent upon a country“s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a (7
4、)_ climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources (8)_ the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well (9)_ as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and (10)_ wars, and (11)_ this and other reasons was (12)_ to develop her resources. (
5、13)_ and stable political conditions, and (14)_ from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well (15)_ by nature but less well ordered. A country“s standard of living does not only depend up
6、on the wealth that is produced and consumed (16)_ its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. (17)_, Britain“s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (18)_ grown at home. Trade makes it possible
7、 for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (19)_ be lacking. A country“s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, (20)_ that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.（分数：40.00）A.howeverB.thereforeC
8、.neverthelessD.furthermoreA.primaryB.principalC.foremostD.uniquelyA.orB.norC.butD.exceptA.recreationB.enlightenmentC.refreshmentD.entertainmentA.itB.themC.whichD.thatA.withB.forC.toD.onA.neutralB.favorableC.virtuousD.marineA.comesB.comeC.comingD.cameA.offB.knownC.doneD.furnishedA.militaryB.externalC
9、.conremporaryD.domesticA.forB.becauseC.because ofD.due toA.impossibleB.incapableC.unableD.proficientA.StrongB.SturdyC.SoundD.RobustA.libertyB.freedomC.preventionD.liberationA.assistedB.avengedC.rescuedD.servedA.withB.withinC.nearD.aroundA.In shortB.For exampleC.First of allD.On one handA.thoseB.what
10、C.thatD.itA.likelyB.likewiseC.certainlyD.otherwiseA.providedB.dependedC.givenD.supposed二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Like the look of our webs
11、ite? Whatever the answer, the chances are you made your mind up within the first twentieth of a second. A study by researchers in Canada has shown that the snap decisions Internet users make about the quality of a web page have a lasting impact on their opinions. We all know that first impressions c
12、ount, but this study shows that the brain can make flash judgments almost as fast as the eye can take in the information. “My colleagues believed it would be impossible to really see anything in less than 500 milliseconds“, says Gitte Lindgaard of Carleton University in Ottawa. Instead they found th
13、at impressions were made in the first 50 milliseconds of viewing. Lindgaard and her team presented volunteers with the briefest glimpses of web pages previously rated as being either easy on the eye or particularly unpleasant, and asked them to rate the websites on a sliding scale of visual appeal.
14、Even though the images flashed up for just 50 milliseconds, roughly the duration of a single frame of standard television shot, their decisions tallied well with judgments made after a longer period of examination. In the crowded and competitive world of the web, companies hoping to make millions fr
15、om e-commerce should take notice“. Unless the first impression is favorable, visitors will be out of your site before they even know that you might be offering more than your competitors“, Lindgaard warns. For a typical commercial website, 60% of traffic comes from search engines such as Google. Thi
16、s makes a user“s first impression even more critical. The lasting effect of first impressions is known to psychologists as the “halo effect“: if you can snare people with an attractive design, they are more likely to overlook other minor faults with the site, and may rate its actual content more fav
17、orably. This is because of “cognitive bias“. People enjoy being right, so continuing to use a website that gave a good first impression helps to “prove“ to themselves that they made a good initial decision. “It“s awfully scary stuff, but the tendency to jump to conclusions is far more widespread tha
18、n we realize“. These days, enlightened web users want to see a “puritan“ approach. It“s about getting information across in the quickest, simplest way possible. For this reason, many commercial websites now follow a fairly regular set of rules. For example, westerners tend to look at the top-left co
19、rner of a page first, so that“s where the company logo should go. And most users also expect to see a search function in the top right. Of course, the other golden rule is to make sure that your web pages load quickly, otherwise your customers might not stick around long enough to make that coveted
20、first impression. “That can be the difference between big business and no business“.（分数：10.00）(1).The study in the text has shown that the first impression of a website is _（分数：2.00）A.made within a period when the eyes even cannot really catch anything.B.not possible to be created in less than half
21、a second.C.able to be made in 1/20 of a second.D.usually related to the articles of the website.(2).What is extremely important for a company which wants to be competitive in the market of electronic commerce?（分数：2.00）A.Provide more attractive and useful information than their competitors.B.Have an
22、impressive design which can appeal visitors by a flash judgment.C.Enable visitors to have first impression within 50 milliseconds which accord to that after a long examination.D.Eliminate the minor errors in the content of the website.(3).Which of the following websites is most unlikely to be succes
23、sful?（分数：2.00）A.a website with a lot of pictures of large size.B.a website that puts the logo of the company on the top-left corner.C.a website which can provide a clear outline in a simple design.D.a website with an appearance that can make your eyes comfortable.(4).The phrase “halo effect“ (Line 3
24、, Paragraph 5) probably means _（分数：2.00）A.the effect to make people show understandings to faults and errors.B.the effect to bring to a good first impression to people.C.the effect to make people ignore small mistakes due to a fine impression.D.the effect to enable a website to look more beautiful.(
25、5).Which of the following conflicts with the principle for the construction of a commercial website?（分数：2.00）A.To use informative designs that visitors are accustomed to.B.To employ more logos and accessories to attract visitors.C.To choose advanced servers and networks to enable the fast loading of
26、 the webpage.D.To pay more attention to the impression of the website at the first sight.My dictionary defines subtle as “not immediately obvious; characterized by skill or ingenuity; clever; elusive; (even) insidious“. Let us look at some concrete instances of this. (The very word itself is an exam
27、ple, as the letter“ b“ is silent in pronunciation.)“ Language can be straight-forward and directly to the point, but sometimes that takes the fun out of it. On occasion, at least, one appreciates subtletiesoften as the mark of a quick wit. This particularly is true of jokes that generally have a dou
28、ble meaning. For example: Awaitress received only three pennies for a tip. Nonplussed, she told the customer that those three pennies told a lot about him. He took the bait and asked what they revealed. “The first penny“, she said, “tells me you are thrifty“. The patron agreed. “what does the second
29、 penny say?“ asked the customer. “It tells me you“re a bachelor“. “Right again“, he replied, “And what does the third penny tell you?“ “The third penny“, responded the waitress, “tells me your daddy was a bachelor, too“. How“s that for a subtle punishment? Subtleties also can be used on occasion for
30、 a good putdown. For instance, one can say a certain man was a big gun of industry. “Yes“, is the counter, “he was fired several times“. In this category was Mark Twain“s caustic time bomb: “He was a good manin the worst sense of the term“. In our day of political correctness (sometimes called the t
31、yranny of the minority), police seldom talk about suspects, but only about“ persons of interest“. I guess law enforcement does not want another lawsuit on its hands. Then, too, with the campaign against fat and fried foods, Kentucky Fried Chicken calls itself KFC, figuring that few will think of “fr
32、ied“ that way. The meaning of a word or phrase seems to change more rapidly today and unless one is “with it“, a faux pas (失礼) can be committed. Such is the case with the term, “an exceptional child“. Way back when, one would think that referred to an especially bright youngster, whereas today it in
33、dicates a handicapped youth. So, too, the word “primitive“ virtually has been erased from our language and replaced with “earlier culture“ and Indians are known as Native Americans. The world of advertising is a master at subtleties with which it hopes to bamboozle(欺骗) the customer. For instance, wh
34、en asked how much a gallon of gasoline costs, the reply might be something like $2.25. Yet, one must add a penny to that as a 9/10 follows the price, making it, in effect, $2.26. Cereal prices have skyrocketed over the years, but some companies claim to have held the line by keeping the price the sa
35、me. What many do, however, is reduce the number of ounces in the package. I leave the reader with the truism that subtlety, not brevity, is the soul of wit. Use it to win friends and influence people.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “the letter “b“ is silent in pronunciation“, the author wants to indicate th
36、at _（分数：2.00）A.One should not omit the letter when spelling the word.B.This word is different from other words in pronunciation.C.The meaning of the word can be illustrated by the word itself.D.The meaning of the word is implied in the word itself.(2).According to Paragraph 2, the waitress plays tri
37、cks on the patron by _（分数：2.00）A.telling him the particular meanings of the three pennies.B.informing him a pun which is intended to insult him indirectly.C.using a double-meaning joke as a punishment for that few tips.D.explaining to him the implied meaning of the three-pennies.(3).The word “putdow
38、n“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.a pun which can be interpreted in both positive and negative ways.B.a tone-twisting joke which intends to make the hearer puzzled.C.a response by understanding something deliberately in another way.D.an indirect way of saying something to make
39、 someone humiliated.(4).Which of the following has nothing to do with political correctness?（分数：2.00）A.Police now seldom talk about “suspects“ but only about “persons of interest“.B.Burger King rebrands “Whaler“ sandwich as “Big Fish“ with the campaign “Save the Whales“.C.Kentucky Fried Chicken call
40、s itself KFC with the campaign against fat and fried foodsD.An exceptional child indicates a handicapped youth and Indians are known as Native Americans.(5).We can infer from the text that the author describe the word “subtlety“ with _（分数：2.00）A.ambiguity.B.apprehension.C.antipathy.D.approval.IN 200
41、5 Congress considered an emergency spending bill that designated $81 billion for military spending and Asian tsunami relief. It passed easily. A politician would have to be mighty confident to vote against humanitarian aid and supporting the troops. But complaints have steadily grown about a law tha
42、t came with the spending bill. The Real ID Act of 2005 established national standards for driving licences. By 2008, it said, every state would have to make sure its licences included “physical security features“ and “a common machine readable technology“. A state would be responsible for verifying
43、that anyone applying for licences is in America legally. Only licences that met the new standards would be accepted by the federal government. An American who wanted to fly commercially, or do anything else for which he needed to identify himself, would end up in a queue at the Department of Motor V
44、ehicles. The idea was to make life harder for would-be terrorists. But the scheme will certainly make life harder for the states. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) reckons that implementing the changes will cost states up to $14.6 billion, with individuals on the line for an additional $8.5
45、billion. And the federal government plans to meet only a fraction of the cost. Critics also argue that the new licences will amount to national identification cards and will contain ton much information about the bearer. Immigration advocates say that the Real ID Act unfairly targets illegal immigra
46、nts. And from a security standpoint the act raises as many fears as it allays. Licences that meet the revised standards would be rich of sensitive data. They might prove irresistibly tempting to identity thieves and marketing firms. On January 25th Maine became the first state to oppose the Act. Its
47、 legislature passed a resolution refusing to implement the Real ID Act with nearly unanimous support. On March 8th, Idaho approved a similar bill. Two dozen other states have measures pending that question the act or oppose it outright. On March 1st the DHS issued guidelines for implementing the Rea
48、l ID Act that manage to ignore most of these objections. The guidelines allow states a bit more time to implement the act. But they give no quarter on the expensive physical security features and suggest that states deal with privacy concerns on their own. And as the National Governors Association promptly noted, they “do nothing“ to address the cost to states.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following consequence might be caused by the 2005 emergency spending bill?（分数：2.00）A.financial support to the construction of inte
