1、考研英语-试卷 139及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Air is (1)_, and like all matter, it has weight. Weight is the measure of the (2)_ of
2、gravity (3)_ matter. If a scale registers 10 kilograms when a stone is placed on it, this means that gravity pulls the stone with that (4)_ force. (5)_, earth“s gravity pulls on each (6)_ of gas and dust on the atmosphere. Because our atmosphere is a. vast (7)_ of air, it has (8)_. If it could (9)_
3、be compressed and put on a (10)_ of scales, it would weigh about 5,700,000,000,000,000 (quadrillion) metric tons. The air pressed down on us and against us (11)_ all sides. Something (12)_ a ton of air is pressing against you at this moment. You are not (13)_ of this because air pressure within your
4、 body (14)_ the pressure of the air outside. Air pressure is 1.036 kilograms per square centimeter (14.7 pounds per square inch) at sea (15)_. It is greatest there because that is the (16)_ of the atmosphere. (17)_ higher altitudes the pressure is (18)_. That is why the (19)_ of highflying planes ar
5、e pressurized. They are designed to (20)_ the air pressure our bodies must have.（分数：40.00）A.thingB.materialC.atmosphereD.matterA.pullB.sizeC.gravityD.numberA.atB.toC.onD.byA.manyB.muchC.heavyD.weightedA.UsuallyB.FrequentlyC.NaturallyD.SimilarlyA.kilogramB.groupC.matterD.particleA.oceanB.plainC.conta
6、inerD.vesselA.someB.definiteC.countlessD.considerableA.surelyB.somehowC.constantlyD.carefullyA.setB.seriesC.varietyD.kindA.fromB.inC.byD.onA.asB.ofC.likeD.aboutA.knowingB.sureC.feelingD.awareA.supportsB.balancesC.comes fromD.acts asA.altitudeB.heightC.levelD.degreeA.lineB.layerC.bottomD.pointA.OnB.A
7、tC.ForD.ThroughA.moreB.noneC.variousD.lessA.seatsB.cabinsC.bodiesD.enginesA.produceB.provideC.maintainD.improve二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._M
8、illions of families sat down in their living rooms one evening last August to watch a live Madonna Concert from France, telecast on the cable network Home Box Office. Because Madonna is such a huge international starand because the telecast was heavily promoted and aired in prime time on a weekendmi
9、llions of children certainly watched with their parents. What happened on all those screens was that Madonna repeatedly used the one obscene word that has been routinely barred from the public airwaves. We live in an anything-goes age, so the show“s witless and purposely vulgar content was not surpr
10、ising. The language itself was nothing that has not been heard in movies or on cable-TV comedy specials. The surprising thing was that so few parents called HBO to object. A spokesperson for the network said the complaints“ were not by any stretch of the imagination overwhelming“and that the Madonna
11、 con cert was the highest-rated original entertainment program in the network“s history. Apparently, America“s parents have totally given up hope that they can control what their children are exposed to on TV. My point isn“t, really, about Madonna. Though I don“t happen to find her calculated outrag
12、e particularly interesting she is free to make her money anyway she chooses. Marginally talented singers have been packaging rebellion for decades, and it always seems to sell, especially to young people. Madonna has done a very good job marketing her product. What is most troubling is that her prod
13、uct appeared in America“s homes during prime time on a Sunday, and people seemed to think it was no big deal. Television, in a way that now seems quaint, was once considered almost sacred ground when it came to certain material-precisely because children were watching. But the country has been so be
14、aten down by a lessening of public standards that obscenities can be telecast to millions of families without causing even a ripple of protest. What of the argument (that parents should just turn off the TV if they don“t like the programming)? It“s validbut there was no warning before Madonna launch
15、ed into her first rapid-fire round of obscenities. Although the telecast was promoted as being live, it actually was taped hours before. The network knew what it was sending out. Yet it did so without deletions or an advisory notice at the beginning of the show. This was “a creative decision,“ HBO s
16、ays. Those children will hear worse in their lifetimesthey probably already have. To telecast a concert like Madonna“s is no longer considered particularly controversial. But to wonder publicly about the wisdom of itto say that delivering such a performance to the nation“s children is wrongthat is c
17、onsidered controversial. To say it is wrong is to seem out of step with the rest of the world. But it is wrong. It is dead wrong.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage the cable network Home Box Office _.（分数：2.00）A.is a French companyB.had telecast the concert without further promotingC.is favored n
18、ot only by children but by parentsD.telecast the concert in prime time on a weekend(2).What“s the reaction of people to the program?（分数：2.00）A.Quite a few parents called HBO to object.B.They regarded it as the highest rated original entertainment program in the network“s history.C.They were outraged
19、.D.They didn“t care much about it.(3).The writer seems to think that _.（分数：2.00）A.Madonna is a respectable international starB.Madonna is not popular among adultsC.public standards on TV has droppedD.television is a sacred ground in USA(4).What s the writer“s view about Madonna?（分数：2.00）A.She is an
20、untalented singer.B.She is already out-dated.C.She is a symbol of rebellion in the music world.D.She is equally popular among children and adults.(5).The best title for this passage may be _.（分数：2.00）A.It is an anything-goes ageB.Is Madonna a huge international star?C.The children are watchingD.Prog
21、rames on the cable network are out-datedGalileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science. His renowned conflict with the Catholic Church was central to his philosophy, for Galileo was one of the first to argue that man could hope to understand how t
22、he world works, and moreover, that we could do this by observing the real world. Galileo had believed Copernican theory (that the planets orbited the sun) since early on, but it was only when he found the evidence needed to support the idea that he started to publicly support it. He wrote about Cope
23、rnicus“s theory in Italian (not the usual academic Lat in), and soon his views became widely supported outside the universities. This annoyed the Aristotelian professors, who united against him seeking to persuade the Catholic Church to ban Copernicanism. Galileo, worried by this, traveled to Rome t
24、o speak to the ecclesiastical authorities. He argued that the Bible was not intended to tell us anything about scientific theories, and that it was usual to assume that, where the Bible conflicted with common sense, it was being allegorical. But the Church was afraid of a scandal that might undermin
25、e its fight against Protestantism, and so took repressive measures. It declared Copernicanism “false and erroneous“ in 1616, and commanded Galileo never again to “defend“ or “hold“ the doctrine. Galileo acquiesced. In 1623, a longtime friend of Galileo“s became the Pope. Immediately Galileo tried to
26、 get the 1616 decree revoked. He failed, but he did manage to get permission to write a book discussing both Aristotelian and Copernican theories, on two conditions: he would not take sides and would come to the conclusion that, man could in any case not determine how the world worked because God co
27、uld bring about the same effects in ways unimagined by man, who could not place restrictions on God“s omnipotence. The book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, was completed and published in 1632, with the full backing of the censors-and was immediately greeted throughout Europe as a l
28、iterary and philosophical masterpiece. Soon the Pope, realizing that people were seeing the book as a convincing argument in favor of Copernicanism, regretted having allowed its publication. The Pope argued that although the book had the official blessing of the, censors, Galileo had nevertheless co
29、ntravened the 1616 decree. He brought Galileo before the Inquisition, who sentenced him to house arrest for life and commanded him to publicly renounce Copernicanism. For a second time, Galileo acquiesced. Galileo remained a faithful Catholic, but his belief in the independence of science had not be
30、en crushed. Four years before his death in 1642, while he was still under house arrest, the manuscript of his second major book was smuggled to a publisher in Holland. It was this work, referred to as Two New Sciences, even more than his support for Copernicus, that was to be the genesis of modern p
31、hysics.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Galileo is the founder of modern science.B.Galileo was the first to argue that man could hope to understand how the world works.C.The church declared Copernicanism “false and erroneous“ in 1616.D.The censors permi
32、tted the publications of the book “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems“.(2).Galileo started to publicly support Copernicus“s theory _.（分数：2.00）A.from early onB.after he found the evidence to support the ideaC.after the church declared Copernicanism “false and erroneous“D.when it was firs
33、t published(3).The word “acquiesce“ probably mean _.（分数：2.00）A.declineB.not to give a damnC.accept silentlyD.resist the idea(4).The book, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems _.（分数：2.00）A.was published secrectlyB.did not get the permission from the popeC.supported Copernicanism publiclyD.
34、was immediately accepted throughout Europe(5).According to the passage what do we know about Galileo?（分数：2.00）A.Galileo stood strongly against Catholic belief.B.Galileo died because of the great stress under house arrest.C.Galileo had believed Copernican theory since early on.D.Galileo founded moder
35、n physics himself.Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mo
36、ther tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today n
37、o such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to, the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are negl
38、ected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and a
39、t a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of th
40、ree to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about man“s brain,
41、compared with that of the monkey, is the Complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is young brain“s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to c
42、ombine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child“s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these
43、signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child“s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, Frederick carried on the experiments to _.（分数：2.00）A.pr
44、ove that children are born with the ability to speakB.find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakC.discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human SpeechD.prove that child would be damaged without learning language(2).Some children are backward in
45、speaking probably because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are incapable, of learning language rapidlyB.they are exposed to too much language at onceC.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them(3).What is exceptionally remarkable about child
46、 is that _.（分数：2.00）A.he is born with the capacity to speakB.he has a brain more complex than an animalC.he owes his speech ability to good nursingD.he can produce his own sentences(4).Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B.Enc
47、ouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C.The child“s brain is highly selective.D.Most children learn their language in definite stages.(5).A child will _ in the future if he starts to speak later than others.（分数：2.00）A.have a high IQB.be less intelligentC.be insensitive
48、 to verbal signalsD.not necessarily be backwardOn the morning of April 15, 38,500 worshippers from all over the world will descend upon the tiny town of Hopkinton, Massachusetts. In a bizarre rite they will shed most of their clothes, spread petroleum jelly over the more sensitive parts of their bodies and affix little time-keepers to their shoelaces. Then, as the appointed hour of noon approaches, they will either stand in line at one of the 750 portable toilets or, much to the chagrin of
