1、考研英语-试卷 126及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals w
2、ho have tried to (1)_ others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can (2)_. But in the 19th century the mass production of goods (3)_ the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that (4)_ the devel
3、opment of the highway made person-to-person selling (5)_ slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, (6)_ radio and television, made mass selling through (7)_ possible. The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best (8)
4、_ to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action (9)_ be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or (10)_ to join the Army. Advertising as a (11)_ developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest (12)_. In 19
5、80 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or (13)_ 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product (14)_ advertising. (15)_ advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it (16)_ benefits for the
6、consumer (17)_. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far (18)_ than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising (19)_ people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finall
7、y, advertising (20)_ for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.（分数：40.00）A.requestB.obligeC.affectD.persuadeA.transferB.secureC.enjoyD.performA.resulting fromB.dealing withC.leading toD.going forA.followedB.precede
8、dC.achievedD.inducedA.soB.tooC.veryD.moreA.secondB.andC.thenD.laterA.marketingB.advertisingC.salespeopleD.agentsA.profitsB.benefitsC.interestsD.gainsA.shouldB.wouldC.mayD.willA.thoughB.otherwiseC.stillD.evenA.businessB.serviceC.productD.professionA.amountB.extentC.possibilityD.utilityA.similarlyB.su
9、pposedlyC.approximatelyD.accountablyA.withB.atC.intoD.onA.WhileB.ThereforeC.ButD.IfA.inducesB.reducesC.producesD.introducesA.as wellB.as usualC.as a resultD.as a ruleA.moreB.lessC.cheaperD.dearerA.takesB.bringsC.givesD.deliversA.worksB.callsC.looksD.pays二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Secti
10、on II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The people who answer the phone get an endless stream of calls from people who are extremely upset that their electricity got turned off just because they fai
11、led to pay their bill for 297 months, or people asking questions like “Is it OK to operate an electric appliance while taking a bath?“ So let“s say that you have a genuine problem with your electric bill. The people in “Customer Service“ have no way of knowing that you“re an intelligent, rational pe
12、rson. They“re going to lump you in with the usual not-so-bright public. As far as they“re concerned, the relevant facts, in any dispute between you and them, are these: 1. They have a bunch of electricity. 2. You need it. 3. So shut up. This is why, more and more, the people in “Customer Service“ wo
13、n“t even talk to you. They prefer to let you talk to the convenient Automatic Phone Answering System until such a time as you die of old age “. If your FIRST name has more than eight letters, and your LAST name begins with “H“ through “L“ press 251 NOW. If your first name has LESS than eight letters
14、, and your last name contains at least two “E“ s, press 252 NOW. If your.“ So is there any way that you, the lowly consumer, can gain the serious attention of a large and powerful business? I am pleased to report that there IS a way, which I found out about thanks to an alert reader who sent me a ne
15、ws report from Russia. According to this report, a Russian electric company got into a dispute with a customer and cut off the customer“s electricity. This customer, however, happened to be a unit of the Russian Army. So the commander ordered a tank to drive over to the electric company“s office and
16、 aim its gun at the windows. The electricity was turned right back on. On behalf of consumers everywhere, I want to kiss this military commander on the lips. I mean, what a GREAT concept. Imagine, as a consumer, how much more seriously your complaint would he taken if you were complaining from insid
17、e a vehicle capable of reducing the entire “Customer Service“ department to tiny smoking pieces. What I am saying is: Forget the Automated Phone Answering System. Get a tank. Perhaps you are thinking: “But a tank costs several million dollars, not including floor mats. I don“t have that kind of mone
18、y.“ Don“t be silly. You“re a consumer, right? You have credit cards, right? Perhaps you are thinking: “Yes, but how am I going to pay the credit-card company?“ Don“t be silly. You have a tank, right?（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we may infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.the people who answer the phone
19、 are really very busyB.some people don“t know how to turn off electricityC.some people don“t know how to operate an electric applianceD.some people are ignorant of their ridiculous behavior(2).According to the passage, the people in “Customer Service“ are very _.（分数：2.00）A.ignorantB.politeC.arbitrar
20、yD.foolish(3).If Mr. Huntington Sweet wants to inquire about something from “Customer Service“, he should press _.（分数：2.00）A.251B.252C.eitherD.both(4).How did the customer settle the dispute with Russian electric company?（分数：2.00）A.By peaceful negotiation.B.By using a tank.C.By resorting to forces.D
21、.By appealing to the Russian Army.(5).The tone of this passage may be considered as _.（分数：2.00）A.humorousB.seriousC.fantasticD.ridiculousWhen I was 13 my mother died. Through my own sorrow I was aware of the great loss this was to Pop. But he made only one reference to his own misery. He said, “To b
22、e happy every day is to be not happy at all.“ He was saying to his sons that happiness is not a state you achieve and keep, but something that must be won over and over, no matter what the defeats and losses. Later that year I got a job as an entertainer in small clubs, and suddenly I knew this was
23、the career I had been searching for. The world of the theater was far removed from the world of my father, yet I found myself returning to him time and again, for the same reason his friends did. When I was 20 I got what every actor dreams ofa permanent job! At that time, at the depth of the depress
24、ion, actors were out of work by the hundreds, yet I wanted to quit that job because I needed new experiences and challenges. Pop heard me out, then said, “There are some people who always have to test themselves, to stretch their wings and try new winds. If you think you can find more happiness and
25、usefulness this way, then you should do it.“ This advice came from a man who never left a secure job in his life, who had the European tradition of family responsibility, but who knew I was different. He understood what I needed to do and he helped me do it. For the next few years I worked in clubs,
26、 and then I got my big break, appearing in a major movie. After that I went to Hollywood, and from then on Pop lived with me and my family there. We had a big party one evening. That night I thought Pop might enjoy hearing some of the old folk songs we used to sing at home. When I began to sing, the
27、 music and the memories were too much for him to resist, and he came over to join me. I faded away, and he was in the middle of the room singing alonein a clear, true voice. He sang for 15 minutes before some of the world“s highest-paid stars. This simple, kindly old man singing of our European root
28、s had touched something deep in these sophisticated people. When he finished there was overwhelming applause. I knew the applause that night was not just for a performance; it was for a man.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “to be happy every day is to be not happy at all“, Pop means _.（分数：2.00）A.one should n
29、ot be happy every dayB.it is impossible for one to be happy every dayC.people should not pursue happy life aloneD.people should have a realistic attitude toward life(2).Judging from the context, the author“s career is most probably _.（分数：2.00）A.an entertainerB.an actorC.a singerD.a writer(3).How did
30、 Pop react to the author“s quitting his job?（分数：2.00）A.Comfort him.B.Help him.C.Encourage him.D.Let him alone.(4).The big party one evening was arranged for _.（分数：2.00）A.the author to singB.the author“s big break in a major movieC.Pop“s singing performanceD.some Hollywood film stars(5).The purpose o
31、f the author in writing the text is to _.（分数：2.00）A.narrate his careerB.illustrate his personal successC.praise his beloved fatherD.describe the character of PopTo understand the roughly 100,000 genes in the human genome, researchers say they must investigate an even more complicated set of molecule
32、s-proteins. Genes are the blueprints for making proteins, and the “sequence“ of a geneits structural patterndetermines the kind of protein it makes. Some proteins become building blocks for structural parts of the cell. Other proteins become molecular “machines“ enzymes, hormones, antibodies that ca
33、rry out the myriad activities necessary to keep the cell and the body working properly. With an understanding of human proteins (or the proteome), scientists will be able to fight disease on many fronts. For example, scientists at the Center for Proteome Analysis in Odense, Denmark, have isolated a
34、protein, galectin, that may fight diabetes. Diabetes seems to be caused when insulin-producing cells in the pancreas are inadvertently killed by the body“s immune system. The Danish scientists spent years analyzing the proteins present in diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant cells, and they tentati
35、vely concluded that galectin protects diabetes-prone cells from being attacked by the immune system. Preliminary animal tests, in which the galectin gene has been inserted into diabetes-prone cells, seem to confirm the hypothesis. Effective cancer drugs may also arise from a deeper understanding of
36、genes and proteins, says Ken Carter, president of Therapeutic Genomics, one of the many biotech companies working to devise new drugs based on genetic knowledge. Soon, scientists will be able to quickly and accurately compare cancer tissue with normal tissue to see which genes are “switched on“ and
37、making proteins and which genes are not, he says. “If you found a gene that was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells but not other tissues, you could deduce that gene was involved in prostate cancer,“ according to Carter. “We would try to develop in the lab a way to block the expression of that
38、 gene.“ One possibility would be a “small molecule“ drug that would attach to and inactivate that gene“s protein. Finally, drugs themselves will likely become safer and more effective because they will be tailored to an individual“s genetic ability to process medicines, predicts Robert Waterston, di
39、rector of the Human Genome Project sequencing center at Washington University in St. Louis. In the future, a blood test could show how much of a particular drug-processing enzyme a person has, Waterston explains. The doctor would then adjust the dose accordingly or prescribe a drug custom designed f
40、or that person“s genetic makeup. This new field, called pharmacogenomics, should eliminate many of the drug side effects that result from our current, cruder methods of determining dosage.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the function of genes is _.（分数：2.00）A.to plan for making proteinsB.to deter
41、mine the kind of protein it makesC.like that of building blocksD.to carry out the myriad activities(2).The research of scientists at the Center for Proteome Analysis in Odense, Denmark is helpful to _.（分数：2.00）A.isolate a protein, galectinB.cure diabetesC.the body“s immune systemD.protect diabetes-p
42、rone cells(3).According to Ken Carter, effective cancer drugs may also arise by means of _.（分数：2.00）A.a deeper understanding of genes and proteinsB.devising new drugs based on genetic knowledgeC.comparing cancer tissue with normal tissueD.switching on some genes(4).What would Ken Carter and his coll
43、eagues do?（分数：2.00）A.Finding a gene that was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells.B.Deducing the gene which is involved in prostate cancer.C.Finding a way to stop the expression of carcinogenic genes.D.Developing a “small molecule“ drug.(5).Judging from its formation, the word “pharmacogenomics
44、“ probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, etc.B.the properties and reactions of drugs especially with relation to their therapeutic valueC.a branch of pharmacology dealing with the reactions between drugs and living systemsD.a branc
45、h of science of drugs especially dealing with carcinogenic genesA simple pair of pants may contain a multitude of meanings. In the 1850s, jeans were the unemotional, durable dress of those that came to California to labor in the gold fields. Seams were strengthened with metal pins to make them hold,
46、 a technology borrowed from the construction of horse blankets. Cloth for beasts of burden was translated to the needs of men of burden. These were the clothes of hard-laboring people, and these pants held little promise for the men who wore them, save the promise that they would be ready for the ne
47、xt day“s labors. During the same decade, in the court of one European queen, “the gown worn by a fashionable lady in attendance contained 1,100 yards of material not including lace and other ornaments.“ American women of wealth were also wrapped in an abundance of cloth. While makers of jeans worrie
48、d over how many men could be fitted into a given amount of cloth, for women of wealth the concern was with how many yards of cloth could be attractively arranged upon a given individual. This was the mark of prosperity: to wear enough material on one“s back to clothe many of more modest means. The fashionable rich could not imagine themselves wearing the vulgar canvas pants of workers and “peasants“. Neither could working-class people reasonably imagine themselves in the costumes of
