1、考研英语-试卷 120 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their p
2、ast lives, (1)_ about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2)_ is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old person“s recollections of the past help to (3)_ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4)_ any role that brings respect or any goal
3、 that might provide (5)_ to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6)_ living. (7)_, the memories form part of a continuing life (8)_, in which the old person (9)_ the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10)_ on the overall meani
4、ng of his or her own almost completed life. As the life cycle (11)_ to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12)_ this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13)_ subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is ofte
5、n regarded as (14)_ As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are (15)_ to think about itand certainly not to talk about it (16)_ the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17)_ only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our
6、 reluctance to (18)_ the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19)_ our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20)_ is so.（分数：40.00）A.better thanB.rather thanC.less thanD.other thanA.soB.evenC.norD.hardlyA.preserveB.conserveC.resumeD.assumeA.performingB.playing
7、C.undertakingD.lackingA.orientationB.implicationC.successionD.presentationA.worthyB.worthC.worthlessD.worthwhileA.In a wordB.In briefC.In additionD.In particularA.prospectB.impetusC.impressionD.reviewA.integratesB.incorporatesC.includesD.interactsA.reckonsB.countsC.reflectsD.conceivesA.keepsB.drawsC
8、.inclinesD.tendsA.ThereforeB.AndC.YetD.OtherwiseA.tabooB.disputeC.contemptD.neglectA.notoriousB.indecentC.obscureD.desperateA.readyB.willingC.liableD.reluctantA.atB.onC.withD.inA.statusB.circumstanceC.environmentD.priorityA.encounterB.confrontC.tolerateD.exposeA.underB.aboveC.beyondD.withinA.whichB.
9、whatC.asD.that二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._British cancer“ researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clus
10、ters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemianot the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. “Chil
11、dhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection“, said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people
12、from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection“. Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in north
13、ern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have
14、been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their paren
15、ts are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing“, Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a
16、 cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection?（分数：2.00）A.Leo KinlenB.Richard DollC.Louise ParkerD.Heathe
17、r Dickinson(2).Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker“s new findings?（分数：2.00）A.Radiation has contributed to the disease.B.Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.C.Population mixing is the most important rea
18、son for leukaemia cluster.D.Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.B.Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.C.Radia
19、tion has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia.D.Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.(4).Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_.（分数：2.00）A.medical journalB.research instituteC.private companyD.governmental agency(5).This passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the cluste
20、r of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing partB.the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC.the causes of childhood leukaemiaD.a new finding by British scientistsFor me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing
21、with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this i
22、s pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world
23、 was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn“t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pu
24、rsue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result
25、whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be usef
26、ul, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarce
27、ly conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.（分数：10.00）(1)
28、.The most important advances made by mankind come from_.（分数：2.00）A.apparently useless informationB.the natural sciencesC.philosophyD.technical applications(2).The author does not include among the science the study of_.（分数：2.00）A.AstronomyB.LiteratureC.ChemistryD.Economics(3).In the paragraph that f
29、ollows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss_.（分数：2.00）A.unforeseen discoveriesB.philosophyC.the value of pure researchD.the value of technical research(4).The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section_.（分数：2.00）A.were unaware of the value of their studiesB.were mathema
30、ticiansC.resignedD.were interested in navigation(5).The practical scientist_.（分数：2.00）A.is a philosopherB.is interested in the unknownC.knows the value of what he will discoverD.knows that the world existsOpinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blam
31、e and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as
32、 the norm? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period o
33、f human history in which most people“s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better fu
34、ture for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for t
35、hemselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people“s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people“s work lost all connection with their
36、 home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort
37、 and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：10.00）(1).What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls?（分数：2.00）A.New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unempl
38、oyment figures.B.Available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population.C.The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life.D.Jobs available must be distributed among more people.(2).The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and_.（分数
39、：2.00）A.be prepared to fill in time by taking up houseworkB.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn cab employ othersC.create more factories in order to increase our productivityD.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work(3).The passage tells us that the arr
40、ival of the industrial age meant that_.（分数：2.00）A.economic freedom came within everyone“s reachB.patterns of work were fundamentally changedC.to survive, everyone had to find a jobD.universal employment guaranteed prosperity(4).As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries, _.（分数：2.00
41、）A.people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their landB.people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim landC.people were badly paid for the work they managed to findD.people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves(5).According to the passage, which of the fo
42、llowing is true?（分数：2.00）A.People should start to Support themselves by learning a practical skill.B.The creation of jobs for all is an impossibility.C.We should help people to get full-time jobs;D.We must make every effort to solve the problem of unemployment.Despite Denmark“s manifest virtues, Dan
43、es never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen a
44、nd the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, “Denmark is a great country“. You“re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life“s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for s
45、chools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbsthere i
46、s no Danish Academy to defend against itold dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little“, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest cle
47、rk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It“s a nation of recyclersabout 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something newand no nuclear power plants. It“s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
48、 Such a nation of overachieversa brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world“s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere“. So, of course, one“s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners out of Denmark!“), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonethele
