1、考研英语-试卷 111 及答案解析(总分：146.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that com
2、munication between them and their parents is【1】and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is【2】listening behavior. As a(an)【3】in point, one parent believed that her daughter had a severe【4】problem. She was so【5】that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist car
3、efully tested both ears and reported back to the parent:“There“s nothing wrong with her hearing. She“s just【6】you out. “ A leading cause of the【7】divorce rate (more than half of all marriages end in divorce) is the failure of husbands and wives to【8】effectively. They don“t listen to each other. Neit
4、her person【9】to the actual message sent by the other. In【10】fashion, political scientists report that a growing number of people believe that their elected and【11】officials are out of【12】with the constituents they are supposedly【13】Why? Because they don“t believe that they listen to them. In fact, i
5、t seems that sometimes our politicians don“t even listen to themselves. The following is a true story: At a national【14】conference held in Albuquerque some years ago, then Senator Joseph Montoya was【15】a copy of a press release by a press aide shortly before he got up before the audience to【16】a spe
6、ech. When he rose to speak,【17】the horror of the press aide and the【18】of his audience, Montoya began reading the press release, not his speech. He began, “For immediate release. Senator Joseph M. Montoya, Democrat of New Mexico, last night told the National. “ Montoya read the entire six page relea
7、se,【19】with the statement that he “was repeatedly【20】by applause. “（分数：40.00）A.scarceB.littleC.rareD.poorA.malignantB.deficientC.ineffectiveD.feebleA.caseB.exampleC.lessonD.suggestionA.audioB.auralC.hearingD.listeningA.believingB.convincedC.assuredD.doubtlessA.turningB.tuningC.tuckingD.tuggingA.risi
8、ngB.arisingC.raisingD.arousingA.exchangeB.interchangeC.encounterD.interactA.relatesB.refersC.respondsD.resortsA.likeB.alikeC.likelyD.likewiseA.nominatedB.selectedC.appointedD.supportedA.connectionB.reachC.associationD.touchA.leadingB.representingC.delegatingD.supportingA.legislativeB.legitimateC.leg
9、alizedD.liberalA.distributedB.awardedC.handedD.submittedA.presentB.publishC.deliverD.pursueA.toB.withC.forD.onA.joyB.enjoymentC.amusementD.delightA.concludeB.to concludeC.concludingD.concludedA.disruptedB.interferedC.interruptedD.stopped二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Com
10、prehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When is an endangered species not an endangered species? When it lives in the sea, apparently. Despite continuing carnage in the ocean, marine creatures were refused any prote
11、ction at the United Nations conference on trade in wildlife that ended yesterday in Doha, Qatar. Tigers, rhinos and elephants are all better protected after the meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (Cites). But hammerhead sharks, bluefin tuna and other marine specie
12、s should be quaking in their skins. For when it comes to fish, the world has decided that scientific evidence of imminent demise is not reason enough to defend them against overexploitation. The conflict between trade and conservation is nothing new, but it is pretty well established that if you let
13、 trade in wildlife run rampant (蔓延的), soon there will be nothing left to sell. That is why the UN set up Cites in the first place. So why did fish get such a raw deal? Is it that we care less about life that is so very different from us? Do the emotionless eyes of fish leave our hearts cold? Is it a
14、n extension of the convenient myth that fish feel no pain? The truth is far more shocking. All fingers of blame point directly at Japan. The high value of bluefin tuna-a single specimen can reach $112 000-led it to orchestrate a full-scale campaign against proposals to ban trade in the species. Dipl
15、omatic missions were sent to developing nations to bully them into agreeing with Japan“s conviction that fish cannot be endangered. That way of thinking is grounded in ignorance. The oceans long seemed infinite in their capacity to produce such riches, and any sign that this was not so was hidden by
16、 our inability to peer into the depths. Science has now stripped back the veil and revealed the extent of the depletion. It is this science that Japan and its allies have chosen to not to see. Unfortunately for life in the sea, Japan“s campaign made waves far beyond the bluefin. Sharks are in dire t
17、rouble thanks to some people“s appetite for using their fins in soup. About 73 million sharks are killed each year as a result, and sharks don“t reproduce fast. But far from favoring a ban, nations voted against even the most basic monitoring of the trade. Red and pink corals have now all but vanish
18、ed from the Mediterranean and are being stripped from the Pacific, but proposals to control that trade were also swept away. Fish don“t recognise borders and boundaries. Yet one nation, Japan, by its cynical use of political power is robbing the world of a shared resource.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “car
19、nage“ (Line 2, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “ _ “.（分数：2.00）A.slaughterB.protectionC.attentionD.neglect(2).The conflict between trade and conservation is_.（分数：2.00）A.the establishment of CitesB.the urgency of protecting marine creaturesC.the divergence on the trade of fishD.the value of fish
20、(3).Why are fish refused any protection from the United Nations conference?（分数：2.00）A.We care less about marine life.B.The emotionless eyes of fish leave our hearts cold.C.People think that fish feel no pain.D.People especially Japanese convict that fish won“t be endangered.(4).Sharks are endangered
21、 mainly because _.（分数：2.00）A.Japanese believe that fish cannot be endangeredB.we don“t have effective measures to protect themC.Chinese have a desire for their fins in the cookingD.sharks don“t reproduce fast(5).The author“s attitude towards the fate of marine creatures is_.（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB.cr
22、iticalC.worriedD.nonchalantIt“s seven weeks into the new year. Do you know where your resolution is? If you“re like millions of Americans, you probably vowed to lose weight, quit smoking and drink less in the new year. You kicked off January with a commitment to long-term well-being-until you came f
23、ace-to-face with a cheeseburger. You spent a bundle on a shiny new gym pass. Turns out, it wasn“t reason enough for you to actually use the gym. People can make poor decisions when it comes to health-despite their best intentions. It“s not easy abiding by wholesome choices (giving up French fries) w
24、hen the consequences of not doing so (heart disease) seem so far in the future. Most people are bad at judging their health risks: smokers generally know cigarettes cause cancer, but they also tend to believe they“re less likely than other smokers to get it. And as any snack-loving dieter can attest
25、, people can be comically inept at predicting their future .behavior. You swear you will eat just one potato chip but don“t stop until the bag is empty. So, what does it take to motivate people to stick to the path set by their conscious brain? How can good choices be made to seem more appealing tha
26、n bad ones? The problem stumps doctors, public-health officials and weight-loss experts, but one solution may spring from an unlikely source. Meet your new personal trainer: your boss. American businesses have a particular interest in personal health, since worker illness costs them billions each ye
27、ar in insurance claims, sick days and high staff turnover. A 2008 survey of major US employers found that 64% consider their employees“ poor health decisions a serious barrier to affordable insurance coverage. Now some companies are tackling the motivation problem head on, using tactics drawn from b
28、ehavioral psychology to nudge their employees to get healthy. “It“s a bit paradoxical that employers need to provide incentives for people to improve their own health,“ says Michael Follick, a behavioral psychologist at Brown University and president of the consultancy Abacus Employer Health Solutio
29、ns. Paradoxical, maybe, but effective. Consider Amica Mutual Insurance, based in Rhode Island. Arnica seemed to be doing everything right: it boasts an on-site fitness center at its headquarters. It pays toward Weight Watchers and smoking-cessation help, gives gift cards to reward proper prenatal ca
30、re and offers free flu shots each year. Still, in the mid-2000s, about 7% of the company“s insured population, including roughly 3 100 employees and their dependents, had diabetes. “We manage risk. That“s our core business,“ says Scott Boyd, Amica“s director of compensation and benefits. But diabete
31、s-related claims from Arnica employees had doubled in four years. “We thought, OK,“ Boyd says now, “we have to manage these high-risk groups a little better. “（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, we can infer that the Americans _.（分数：2.00）A.vow to diet in the new yearB.fear to lose weightC.have poo
32、r decision in keeping healthy dietD.succeed in losing weight(2).Why can people make poor decision when it comes to health?（分数：2.00）A.Because they have no intention of being healthy.B.Because they are bad at judging their health risks.C.Because it is not easy abiding by impractical commitments.D.Beca
33、use they can not resist the temptation of delicious food.(3).Who play an important role in motivating people to stick to health?（分数：2.00）A.Doctors.B.Public-health officials.C.Weight-loss experts.D.Bosses.(4).Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.If you want to keep healthy,
34、 you have to meet your personal trainer.B.The diabetes-related claims from Arnica employees have been increased.C.The American business doesn“t do anything concerned with personal health.D.Abiding by healthy choices is facile.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A
35、.Making Good Health EasyB.Cost of Losing WeightC.Difficulties in DietingD.Advantages of Healthy DietIt“s not only humans that flourish in large settlements. Some ants find urban life so accommodating that their populations explode and they form supercolonies in cities. “One of the most common house
36、ant species might have been built for living in some of the smallest spaces in a forest, but the ants have found ways to take advantage of the comforts of city living,“ Purdue University said in a statement. Grzegorz Buczkowski, a Purdue University research assistant professor of entomology, discove
37、red odorous house ants live in supercolonies, creating complex networks entomologists have never seen with the species before now. He found that odorous house ant colonies become larger and more complex as they move from forest to city and act somewhat like an invasive species, the university said.
38、“The ants live about 50 to a colony with one queen in forest settings but explode into supercolonies with more than 6 million workers and 50 000 queens in urban areas,“ the university explained. “This is a native species that“s doing this,“ said Buczkowski, whose results are published in the early o
39、nline version of the journal Biological Invasions. “Native ants are not supposed to become invasive. We don“t know of any other native ants that are outcompeting other species of native ants like these,“ Buczkowski said. Odorous house ants live in hollow acorn shells in the forest. They“re called od
40、orous because they have a coconut (椰子)-or rum-like smell when crushed. They“re considered one of the most common house ants, Purdue said. In semi-natural areas that are a cross of forest and urban areas, such as a park, Buczkowski said he observed colonies of about 500 workers with a single queen. “
41、It“s possible that as the ants get closer to urban areas they have easier access to food, shelter and other resources,“ he said. “In the forest, they have to compete for food and nesting sites,“ Buczkowski said. “In the cities, they don“t have that competition. People give them a place to nest, food
42、 to eat. “ Buczkowski observed the ants in three different settings on and around the Purdue campus. He said it might be expected that if the odorous house ants were able to multiply into complex colonies, other ants would do the same. But Buczkowski found no evidence that other ants had adapted to
43、new environments and evolved into larger groups as the odorous house ants have, Purdie said. “It“s possible that odorous house ants are better adapted to city environments than other ant species or that they had somehow outcompeted or dominated other species,“ he said. “This raises a lot of question
44、s we“d like to answer. “ Buczkowski said understanding why the supercolonies form could lead to better control of the pests in homes, as well as ensuring that they don“t outcompete beneficial species. Future studies on odorous house ants will include studying the ant“s genetics and trying to underst
45、and the effects of urbanization of odorous house ants, Purdue said.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “accommodating“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “ _“.（分数：2.00）A.helpfulB.easy-goingC.spaciousD.easy to adapt to (a new place)(2).According to the third paragraph, native ants are _.（分数：2.00）A.lia
46、ble to become aggressiveB.not prone to be offensiveC.able to outcompete other antsD.easily attacked by other ants(3).The semi-natural areas don“t include_.（分数：2.00）A.grass lands on campusB.forestsC.parksD.greenbelts(4).The purpose of understanding the supercolonies“ forming is to _.（分数：2.00）A.contro
47、l the pests and protect beneficial speciesB.understand the effects of urbanization of antsC.help study the ant“s geneticsD.better totally dominate other species(5).The odorous house ants move to urban areas because they _.（分数：2.00）A.want to outcompete and dominate other species in citiesB.could have
48、 easier access to resources they needC.have the ability to have a new place to nestD.like to compete for food and nesting sitesComputer brain games may not offer the big mental boost many were hoping for, suggests new research, but brain scientists and brain-game experts don“t all agree on the findings. The study, out this week in Nature, is the largest of its kind, say scientists from England“s Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and the Alzheimer“s Society, UK. They said in a Tuesday press briefing that brain-training games, used by millions, may n
