1、考研英语-试卷 110 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and the marriage are still wi
2、th us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages (1)_ young couples, are the result of (2)_ attraction and affection (3)_ than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin (4)_ in high
3、school and usually find mates through their own academic and social (5)_. Though young people feel (6)_ to choose their friends from (7)_ groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is (8)_ in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usuall
4、y (9)_ choices by (10)_ disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable. (11)_, marriages between members of different groups(interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater (12)_ of today“s youth and the fact that they are restricted by (13)_ preju
5、dices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, (14)_ in the armed forces (15)_ pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, they are more (16)_ to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriage
6、s are neither (17)_ nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are (18)_ the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (19)_ a family. Mar
7、riages between people of different national (20)_ (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace since colonial times.（分数：40.00）A.linkingB.involvingC.connectingD.correlatingA.personalB.emotionalC.mutualD.magneticA.moreB.lessC.ratherD.otherA.datingB.appointmentC.engagementD.matchingA.position
8、B.associationC.contactsD.contractA.certainB.embarrassedC.hesitatedD.freeA.similarB.identicalC.differentialD.diverseA.forB.likelyC.dueD.becauseA.influenceB.giveC.makeD.offerA.soundingB.avoidingC.expectingD.voicingA.MoreoverB.HoweverC.Therefore.D.FurthermoreA.mobilityB.motiveC.moralD.missionA.lessB.ra
9、therC.fewerD.manyA.workB.serveC.stayD.remainA.butB.otherwiseC.likewiseD.orA.probableB.likelyC.reluctantD.readilyA.rareB.scarceC.searedD.relievedA.inB.atC.onD.forA.raiseB.obtainC.crowD.uniteA.originB.sourceC.resourceD.base二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Par
10、t ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Prices are sky-high, with profits to match. But looking further ahead, the industry faces wrenching change, says an expert of energy. “The time when we could count on cheap oil and even cheap
11、er natural gas is clearly ending.“ That was the gloomy forecast delivered in February by Dave O“Reilly, the chairman of Chevron Texaco, to hundreds of oilmen gathered for a conference in Houston. The following month, Venezuela“s President Hugo Chavez gleefully echoed the sentiment: “The world should
12、 forget about cheap oil.“ The surge in oil prices, from $10 a barrel in 1998 to above $50 in early 2005, has prompted talk of a new era of sustained higher prices. But whenever a “new era“ in oil is hailed, skepticism is in order. After all, this is essentially a cyclical business in which prices ha
13、bitually yo-yo. Even so, an unusually loud chorus is now joining Messrs O“Reilly and Chavez, pointing to intriguing evidence of a new “price floor“ of $30 or perhaps even $40. Confusingly, though, there are also signs that high oil prices may be caused by a speculative bubble that could burst quite
14、suddenly. To see which camp is right, two questions need answering: why did the oil price soar? And what could keep it high? To make matters more complicated, there is in fact no such thing as a single “oil price“: rather, there are dozens of varieties of crude trading at different prices. When news
15、papers write about oil prices, they usually mean one of two reference crudes: Brent from the North Sea, or West Texas Intermediate (WTI). But when ministers from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) discuss prices, they usually refer to a basket of heavier cartel crudes, whic
16、h trade at a discount to WTI and Brent. All oil prices mentioned in this survey are per barrel of WTI The recent volatility in prices is only one of several challenges facing the oil industry. Although at first sight Big Oil seems to be in rude health, posting record profits, this survey will argue
17、that the western oil majors will have their work cut out to cope with the rise of resource nationalism, which threatens to choke off access to new oil reserves. This is essential to replace their existing reserves, which are rapidly declining. They will also have to respond to efforts by governments
18、 to deal with oil“s serious environmental and geopolitical side-effects. Together, these challenges could yet wipe out the oil majors.（分数：10.00）(1).Dave O“Reilly and Hugo Chavez be have that_.（分数：2.00）A.prices of oil and natural gas are very highB.prices of oil and natural gas will not go downC.oil
19、and natural gas will keep sustained high pricesD.the world has forgotten about cheap oil(2).Judging from Paragraph 3, we may infer that oil prices will_.（分数：2.00）A.enter into a “new era“B.reach a new “price floor“C.get to a new highD.be hard to predict(3).According to the passage “West Texas Interme
20、diate“ (Para. 4) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.an oil industryB.an oil companyC.a government organizationD.a kind of crude oil(4).In the author“s opinion, the key to oil price is_.（分数：2.00）A.energy crisisB.dozens of varieties of crude tradingC.several challenges facing the“ oil industryD.the rise of resourc
21、e nationalism(5).What is the tone of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Humorous.B.Indifferent.C.Serious.D.Anxious.Every spring migrating salmon return to British Columbia“s rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disasters that befall them. This year is no different; The fisheries committee
22、of Canada“s House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia, Bryan Williams, have just examined separately why 1.3m sockeye salmon mysteriously “disappeared“ from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004. Their conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival
23、of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians. In 2004, only about 524,000 salmon are thought to have returned to the spawning grounds, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years earlier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also
24、 lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels. Four similar reports since 1992 have called for the department“s reform. In vain: its senior officials are “in denial“ about its failings, said the committee. Mr. Willia
25、ms“ report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on the Fraser river is “rampant and out of control“, with “no-go“ zones where fisheries officers are“ told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of violence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its
26、 investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members of the Cheam First Nation, some of whom were armed. Some First Nations claim an unrestricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canada“s constitution acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and
27、ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, the DFO has granted Indians a special commercial fishery. To some Indians, even that is not enough. Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to improve data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returnin
28、g to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians. On April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, responded to two previous reports from a year ago. One, from a First Nations group, suggested giving natives a rising share of the catch. The other proposed a new
29、quota system for fishing licenses, and the conclusion of long-standing talks on treaties, including fishing rights, with First Nations. Mr. Regan said his department would spend this year consulting “stakeholders“ (natives, commercial and sport fishermen). It will also launch pilot projects aimed at
30、 improving conservation, enforcement and First Nations“ access to fisheries.（分数：10.00）(1).The “explosive conflict“ in Paragraph 1 refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.salmon“s return to spawn and its survivalB.the fisheries committee of Canada“s House of Commons and Bryan WilliamsC.the struggle between sockeye sal
31、mon and human beingsD.the collision between salmon“s Survival and human fishery(2).The number of salmon every spring in British Columbia“s rivers four years earlier is_.（分数：2.00）A.1.3 millionB.about 524,000C.about 1,824,000D.above 2,000,000(3).Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decreas
32、e of salmon according to Mr Williams?（分数：2.00）A.High water temperatures.B.Shocking twist.C.Illegal fishing.D.Officials“ failings.(4).Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister is most probably going to_.（分数：2.00）A.responding to two previous reportsB.proposing a new quota system for fishing licences
33、C.consulting natives, commercial and sport fishermenD.keeping a balance between conservation, enforcement and fisheries(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Where Have the Salmon Gone?B.How to Protect the Salmon?C.Environment and FisheryD.The Survival of Salmon and the Rights of Firs
34、t NationsAsia“s real boat-rocker is a growing China, not Japan, a senior American economist observed. There is so much noise surrounding and emanating from the “world“s miracle economy that it is becoming cacophonous. In Washington, DC, the latest idea is that China is becoming too successful, perha
35、ps even dangerously so: while Capitol Hill resounds with complaints of trade surpluses and currency manipulation, the Pentagon and sundry think-tanks echo to a new drumbeat of analysts worrying about China“s 12.6% annum rise in military spending and about whether it might soon have the ability to ta
36、ke pre-emptive military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it. So it may be no coincidence that for three consecutive weekends the streets of big Chinese cities have been filled with the sounds of demonstrators marching and rocks being thrown, all seeking to send a different message: that Japan is the
37、 problem in Asia, not China, because of its wanton failure to face up to its history; and that by cozying up to Japan in security matters, America is allying with Asia“s pariah. Deafness is not the only risk from all this noise. The pressure towards protectionism in Washington is strong, and could p
38、ut in further danger not only trade with China but also the wider climate for trade liberalization in the D0ha round of the World Trade Organization(WTO). So far words have been the main weapons used between China and Japan, but there is a chance that nationalism in either or both countries could le
39、ad the governments to strike confrontational poses over their territorial disputes in the seas that divide them, even involving their navies. And the more that nationalist positions become entrenched in both countries but especially China, the more that street protests could become stirred up, perha
40、ps towards more violence. A revaluation of the yuan, as demanded in Congress, would not re-balance trade between America and China, though it might help a little, in due course. A “sincere“ apology by Japan for its wartime atrocities might also help a little, but it would not suddenly turn Asia“s na
41、tural great-power rivals into bosom “buddies. All these issues are complex ones and, as is often the case in trade and in. historical disputes, finding solutions is likely to be far from simple.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we may see that America“s attitude towards China“s success is_.（分数：
42、2.00）A.friendlyB.hostileC.objectiveD.prejudiced(2).Judging from the context, the word “think-tanks“(Para.2) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.tanks that can think as human beingsB.an institute or group organized for interdisciplinary researchC.a group of authoritative peopleD.scholars and professional men(
43、3).What is the reason for the demonstrations in the streets of big Chinese cities?（分数：2.00）A.China takes military action to force Taiwan to rejoin it,B.Japan is the problem in Asia, not China.C.Japan is unwilling to face up to its history.D.America is allying with Asia“s pariah.(4).How will the terr
44、itorial disputes between China and Japan be settled according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.By words and negotiations.B.With their navies.C.Through more violence.D.By means beyond his knowledge.(5).What“s the author“s attitude towards Asian matters?（分数：2.00）A.Extreme.B.Prejudicial.C.Indifferent.D.Neutral
45、.It has been a wretched few weeks for America“s celebrity bosses. AIG“s Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly
46、 desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most powerful woman
47、 in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard(HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of WorldCom could well spend the rest of his life behind bars following his conviction last month on fraud charges. In differen
48、t ways, each of these examples appears to point to the same welcome conclusion: that the imbalance in corporate power of the late 1990s, when many bosses were allowed to behave like absolute monarchs, has been corrected. Alas, appearances can be deceptive. While each of these recent tales of chief-executive woo is a sis of progress, none provides much evidence that the crisis in American corporate governance is yet over. In fact, each of these cases is an example of failed, not successful, governan
