1、考研英语-试卷 106及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Until the late 1940s, when television began finding its way into American homes, compa
2、nies relied mainly on print and radio to promote their products and services. The advent of television (1)_ a revolution in product and service. Between 1949 and 1951, advertising on television grew 960 percent. Today the Internet is once again (2)_ promotion. By going online, companies can communic
3、ate instantly and directly with prospective customers. (3)_ on the World Wide Web includes advertising, sponsorships, and sales promotions (4)_ sweepstakes, contests, coupons, and rebates. In 1996 World Wide Web advertising revenues (5)_ $300 million. Effective online marketers don“t (6)_ transfer h
4、ard-copy ads to cyberspace. (7)_ sites blend promotional and non-promotional information indirectly delivering the advertising messages. To (8)_ visits to their sites and to create and (9)_ customer loyalty, companies change information frequently and provide many opportunities for (10)_. A prototyp
5、e for excellent (11)_ promotion is the Ragu Web site. Here visitors can find thirty-six pasta recipes, take Italian lessons, and view an Italian film festival, (12)_ they will find no traditional ads. (13)_ subtle is the mix of product and promotion that visitors hardly know an advertising message h
6、as been (14)_. Sega of America, maker of computer games and hardware, uses its Web site for a (15)_ of different promotions, such as (16)_ new game characters to the public and supplying Web surfers the opportunity to (17)_ games. Sega“s home page averages 250,000 visits a day. To heighten interest
7、in the site, Sega bought an advertising banner on Netscape (18)_ increasing site visits by 15 percent. Online (19)_ in Quaker Oats“ Gatorade promotion received a free T-shirt in exchange for answering a few questions. Quaker Oats reports that the online promotion created product (20)_ and helped the
8、 company know its customers better.（分数：40.00）A.brought downB.brought aboutC.brought outD.brought upA.transferringB.transformingC.transmittingD.transplantingA.AdvertisingB.MarketingC.SalesD.PromotionA.likeB.aboutC.asD.onA.arrivedB.toppedC.overcameD.descendedA.merelyB.virtuallyC.hardlyD.actuallyA.Pira
9、tingB.OptimisticC.SuccessfulD.LegitimateA.encourageB.frustrateC.temptD.commitA.devastateB.designateC.cultivateD.confirmA.interactionB.assimilationC.differentiationD.collaborationA.internetB.onlineC.currentD.predominantA.thoughB.forC.butD.whileA.SinceB.HoweverC.SuchD.SoA.propagatedB.advertisedC.deliv
10、eredD.affectedA.varietyB.coupleC.monotoneD.sectionA.discoveringB.introducingC.raisingD.creatingA.exchangeB.purchaseC.downloadD.acquireA.therebyB.thoughC.nonethelessD.hereafterA.customersB.addictsC.participantsD.marketersA.loyaltyB.creditC.prestigeD.diversity二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.S
11、ection II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._For years Internet merchants have poured millions of dollars into new technologies to make their sites easier to use. So why aren“t online customers happi
12、er? Customer satisfaction levels have remained almost flat through the last several years. The problem, according to Larry Freed, chief executive of a consulting and research firm called ForeSee Results, is not so much that consumers have ignored the many improvements made in recent years. Rather, h
13、e said, they still expect more from Internet shopping than it has delivered. “If we walk into a local store, we don“t expect that experience to be better than it was a couple years ago“, Mr. Freed said. “But we expect sites to be better. The bar goes up every year“. In ForeSee“s latest survey, relea
14、sed last month, just five e-commerce sites registered scores higher than 80 out of 100, and no site scored higher than 85. It was much the same story a year ago, when just five scored higher than 80, with no site surpassing 85. “Scores have inched up over time for the best e-commerce companies, but
15、the overall numbers haven“t moved drastically“, Mr. Freed said. “At the same time though, if you don“t do anything you see your scores drop steadily“. That dynamic has been a challenge for online merchants and investors, who a decade ago envisioned Internet stores as relatively inexpensive (and ther
16、efore extremely profitable) operations. Now some observers predict a future where online retailers will essentially adopt something like the QVC model, with sales staff pitching the site“s merchandise with polished video presentations, produced in a high-tech television studio. QVC.com is evolving i
17、n that direction. The Web site, which sold more than $1 billion in merchandise“ in 2006, has for the last five years let visitors watch a live feed of the network“s broadcast. But in recent months, QVC.com has also given visitors the chance to watch archives of entire shows, and in the coming months
18、 visitors will be able to find more video segments from recent shows, featuring individual products that remain in stock. Bob Myers, senior vice president of QVC.com, said the Web site“s video salesmanship is especially effective when combined with detailed product information, customer reviews and
19、multiple photographs. About eight months ago, for instance, a customer said that she could not determine the size of a handbag from the photographs on the site because she could not tell the height of the model who was holding it. Within two weeks the site tested and introduced a new system, showing
20、 the bags with women of three different heights. The results were immediate: women who saw the new photographs bought the bags at least 10 percent more frequently than those who had not. Still, Mr. Myers said, video is a critically important element to sales. “E-commerce started with television comm
21、erce“, he said. “The sites who engage and entertain customers will be winning here in the near future“. Such a prospect is not necessarily daunting to other e-commerce executives. Gordon Magee, head of Internet marketing for Drs. Foster scientists estimate, for example, that 137 species of plant, in
22、sect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In British Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut, 142 species of salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, pro
23、vides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it. Much of Canada“s forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of
24、 the world“s wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp. Hemp has
25、 been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial exp
26、ansion and the establishment of a world wide trading network would not have been possible without hemp. Nowadays, ships“ cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. Accor
27、ding to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canada“s forests. However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the wo
28、rld. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the pla
29、nt used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in prisondespite the fact that marijuana cannot be pr
30、oduced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC(the active ingredient in the drug). In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been gathering strength. One group of activists believes that all cannabis should be legalboth the hemp plant and the marijuana plantand that the
31、 use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other le
32、galization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fiber. For
33、 the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.（分数：10.00）(1).Logging is not banned chiefly because（分数：2.00）A.scientists are overestimating the damage.B.people benefit economically from it.C.some creat
34、ures are only threatened but not endangered.D.it provides jobs to the consumers.(2).Canadian forests will not face destruction if（分数：2.00）A.alternative sources for paper products are found.B.logging is banned by the local government.C.consumers increase their environmental sensitivity.D.Canadian Pul
35、p and Paper Association reduce its production.(3).According to some scientists, Hemps are preferable to trees chiefly because（分数：2.00）A.they are more easily cultivated.B.they have been cultivated by many cultures for a long time.C.they can produce more paper than trees.D.they can provide more endura
36、ble fibers than trees.(4).The author seems to imply in the passage that（分数：2.00）A.the grounds on which hemp is banned cannot be justified.B.drug addiction is an even more serious problem of the world.C.American Presidents can be exempt from the punishment of law.D.marijuana is an addictive drug that
37、 should be banned worldwide.(5).Which of the following is a reason for the legalization of the hemp plant?（分数：2.00）A.Both the hemp and the marijuana plant are healthy for people.B.Productive members of society depend on marijuana for production.C.Only uncontrolled, long time usage of marijuana will
38、result in addiction.D.The hemp plant is a useful source for the production of paper and pulp.Some drug makers pay key leaders in a field of medicine, such as chairs of departments in medical schools, tens of thousands of dollars if they are saying the right things about their product. They manipulat
39、e medical education sessions, lectures, articles in medical journals, research studies, even personal conversations between physicians to get their product message across. Now a huge collection of drug company internal documentsrevealed as part of a lawsuitoffers a wealth of detail. In 1996, Dr. Dav
40、id Franklin, an employee of the drug company Parke-Davis, filed the lawsuit under federal whistleblower statutes alleging that the company was illegally promoting a drug called Neurontin for so called “off-label“ uses. Under federal law, once the FDA approves a drug, a doctor can prescribe it for an
41、ything. But the law specifically prohibits the drug company from promoting the drug for any unapproved uses. In 2004, the company, by then a division of Pfizer admitted guilt and agreed to pay $430 million in criminal and civil liability related to promoting the drug for off-label use. Spokespeople
42、for Pfizer say that any wrong doing occurred before Pfizer acquired the company. But Pfizer fought hard to keep all the papers related to the suit under seal. A judge denied the request and they are now part of the Drug Industry Document Archive at the University of California, San Francisco. What i
43、s most interesting is not the illegal actions they reveal, but the details of activities that are perfectly legal. And according to people familiar with the industry, the methods detailed in these company memos are routine. One tactic identifies certain doctors as “thought leaders, “those whose opin
44、ions influence the prescribing pattern of other doctors. Those whose views converge with the company goals are then showered with rewards, research and educational grants. In the Parke-Davis case 14 such big shots got between $10,250 and $158,250 between 1993 and 1997. “Medical education drives this
45、 market“, wrote the author of one Parke-Davis business plan in the files. Many state licensing boards require physicians to attend sessions in what is called continuing medical education (CME) to keep current in their field. At one time, medical schools ran most CME courses. Now, an industry of medi
46、cal education and communications committees (MECCs) run most of the courses. These companies with innocent sounding names like Medical Education Systems set up courses, sometimes in conjunction with medical meetings, at other times often in fancy restaurants and resorts. The drug companies foot the
47、bill, with the program usually noting it was financed by an “unrestricted educational grant“ from the company. Using MECCs, Parke-Davis set up conference calls so that doctors could talk to one another about the drugs. The moderators of the calls, often thought leaders or their younger assistants, r
48、eceived $250 to $500 a call. Drug company reps were on the line, instructed to stay in a “listen only“ mode, but monitoring to be sure the pitch met their expectations. Clearly, “many of the physicians in these schemes are not innocent bystanders. Whether it is ghost writing, making telephone calls to colleagues or leading a CME session, many of the doctors got paid well. Others received a free meal or transportation to a resort to listen to an “educational session“. Physicians often claim they are not influenced by payments from the pharma
