1、考研英语-试卷 105及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begin
2、 are customarily prescribed by the investigator (1)_ a subject participating in an (2)_ on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer). (3)_, prevailing techniques of (4)_ in the psychology of thinking have invited (5)_ of the motivational aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when t
3、he person will begin to think in (6)_ to some other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth pursuing further) (7)_ are beginning to attract investigation. (8)_
4、much thinking is aimed at (9)_ ends, special motivational problems are raised by “disinterested“ thinking, in which the (10)_ of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has (11)_
5、and some formula or set of requirements that (12)_ a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will (13)_. Neo-behaviorists (like psychoanalysts) have made much of secondary (14)_ value and stimulus generalization; i.e., the tendency of a stimulus pattern to
6、become a source of satisfaction if it resembles or has (15)_ accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, (16)_, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and (17)_ is considered. Inconsistency
7、between beliefs, between items of incoming sensory information, or between one“s belief and an item of sensory information (18)_ can be a source of discomfort impelling a (19)_ for resolution through reorganization of belief (20)_ or through selective acquisition of new information.（分数：40.00）A.forB.
8、intoC.withD.byA.procedureB.experimentC.programD.adventureA.HoweverB.ConsequentlyC.ThusD.SimultaneouslyA.encounterB.obligationC.insightD.inquiryA.considerationB.discoveryC.questionD.neglectA.respectB.preferenceC.responseD.returnA.rarelyB.particularlyC.barelyD.definitelyA.AlthoughB.SinceC.UnlessD.Prov
9、idedA.normalB.practicalC.plausibleD.terminalA.processB.recognitionC.predictionD.discoveryA.createdB.contributedC.donatedD.producedA.demandB.defineC.defendD.detectA.followB.bringC.stimulateD.characterizeA.pressureB.emphasisC.rewardD.profitA.obviouslyB.subsequentlyC.frequentlyD.commonlyA.thoughB.howev
10、erC.moreoverD.thereforeA.popularityB.publicityC.difficultyD.uncertaintyA.broadlyB.evidentlyC.distinctlyD.confusedlyA.searchB.wishC.pleaD.talentA.devicesB.structuresC.systemsD.concepts二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four
11、 texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._It was inevitable that any of President George W. Bush“s fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The president“s defense was pathetic: He argued that the steel tari
12、ffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggling, and that the relief was a temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U.S. integrated steel companies (“Big Steel“) have received various forms
13、 of government protection and subsidy for more than 30 years. Instead of encouraging the industry to restructure, the long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said in
14、a report on Big Steel: “The American Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker of protection It provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group“. Since 1950s, Big Steel has been
15、reluctant to make the investments needed to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It agreed to high wages for its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with technologically advanced U.S.
16、mini-mills, which rely on scrap metal as an input. Led by Nucor Cor., these mills now capture about half of overall U.S. sales. The profitability of U.S. steel companies depends also on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U.S. and other governments, are determined primarily in
17、 world markets. These prices are relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since declined with the world recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the overall U.S. economy. The low
18、prices are also signal that the inefficient Big Steel companies should go out of business even faster than they have been. Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices. However, it is hard to see why it is bad for the
19、overall U.S. economy if foreign producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, the extreme case of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would that be a bad thing?（分数：10.00）(1).According to Anne Krueger, long-term government protection given to steel c
20、ompanies（分数：2.00）A.will increase the state wealth.B.will threaten trade monopoly.C.will raise their competitiveness.D.will ultimately hurt consumers.(2).The U.S. integrated steel companies believe that, to modernize their technologies, they are in need of（分数：2.00）A.the sacrifice from U.S. consumers.
21、B.the government“s financial support.C.the reduction of steel product prices.D.the compromise from the labor force.(3).Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U.S. “Big Steel“ as pointed out in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Lower efficiency.B.Lack of protection.C.Corporate structures.D.Lobbyist addict
22、ion.(4).We can draw a conclusion from the text that the overall U.S. economy（分数：2.00）A.must guard against foreigners selling their steel at shocking prices.B.had difficulty in sustaining development in face of foreign competitors.C.can benefit enormously from the lower prices of steel in world marke
23、ts.D.took advantage of the government“s protection to enhance efficiency.(5).The author“s attitude towards the measure adopted by the President seems to be that of（分数：2.00）A.approval.B.optimism.C.opposition.D.indifference.On Mar. 14, when Wal-Mart Stores Inc. announced its first foray into Japan, th
24、e Bentonville (Ark.) retailing giant placed a big bet that it could succeed where countless other foreign companies have failed. In the past five years, a number of famous Western brands have been forced to close up shop after failing to Catch on in Japan, one of the world“s largestbut most variable
25、consumer markets. May Wal-Mart make a go of it where others have stumbled? One good sign is that the mass marketer is not rushing in blindly. It has taken an initial 6.1% stake in ailing food-and-clothing chain Seiyu Ltd., which it can raise to a controlling 33.4% by yearend and to 66.7% by 2007. Th
26、at gives Wal-Mart time to revise its strategyor run for the exits. The question is whether Wal-Mart can apply the lessons it has learned in other parts of Asia to Japan. This, after all, is a nation of notoriously finicky consumerswho have become even more so since Japan slipped into a decade long s
27、lump. How will Wal-Mart bring to bear its legendary cost-cutting savvy in a market already affected by falling prices? Analysts are understandably skeptical. “It is uncertain whether Wal-Mart“s business models will be effective in Japan“, Standard that a battle over abortion would be much more diffi
28、cult; that a similar fight seemed unlikely to gain ground elsewhere in Europe.（分数：10.00）_三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)6.Section III Writing_7.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information._8.Your son kicked his ball through your neighbor“s window. Wri
29、te a letter to tell your neighbor 1) your regret at hearing the news, 2) your intention to compensate for the damage, 3) your apology. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.（分数：2.00）_9.Part BD
30、irections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information._10.Look at the picture and write an article on a marketing strategy: discount promotion. Your article should meet the following two requirements: 1) interpret the message conveyed by the picture 2) make your comments on t
31、he phenomenon You should write 160200 words neatly. （分数：2.00）_考研英语-试卷 105答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The problem to be take
32、n up and the point at which the search for a solution will begin are customarily prescribed by the investigator (1)_ a subject participating in an (2)_ on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer). (3)_, prevailing techniques of (4)_ in the psychology of thinking have invited (5)_ of the motiva
33、tional aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when the person will begin to think in (6)_ to some other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth purs
34、uing further) (7)_ are beginning to attract investigation. (8)_ much thinking is aimed at (9)_ ends, special motivational problems are raised by “disinterested“ thinking, in which the (10)_ of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. For computer specialists, the detection of a
35、 mismatch between the formula that the program so far has (11)_ and some formula or set of requirements that (12)_ a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will (13)_. Neo-behaviorists (like psychoanalysts) have made much of secondary (14)_ value and stimu
36、lus generalization; i.e., the tendency of a stimulus pattern to become a source of satisfaction if it resembles or has (15)_ accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, (16)_, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity,
37、 incongruity, ambiguity, and (17)_ is considered. Inconsistency between beliefs, between items of incoming sensory information, or between one“s belief and an item of sensory information (18)_ can be a source of discomfort impelling a (19)_ for resolution through reorganization of belief (20)_ or th
38、rough selective acquisition of new information.（分数：40.00）A.for B.intoC.withD.by解析：A.procedureB.experiment C.programD.adventure解析：A.HoweverB.ConsequentlyC.Thus D.Simultaneously解析：A.encounterB.obligationC.insightD.inquiry 解析：A.considerationB.discoveryC.questionD.neglect 解析：A.respectB.preference C.resp
39、onseD.return解析：A.rarelyB.particularlyC.barely D.definitely解析：A.Although B.SinceC.UnlessD.Provided解析：A.normalB.practical C.plausibleD.terminal解析：A.processB.recognitionC.predictionD.discovery 解析：A.createdB.contributedC.donatedD.produced 解析：A.demandB.define C.defendD.detect解析：A.follow B.bringC.stimulat
40、eD.characterize解析：A.pressureB.emphasisC.reward D.profit解析：A.obviouslyB.subsequentlyC.frequently D.commonly解析：A.thoughB.however C.moreoverD.therefore解析：A.popularityB.publicityC.difficultyD.uncertainty 解析：A.broadlyB.evidently C.distinctlyD.confusedly解析：A.search B.wishC.pleaD.talent解析：A.devicesB.struct
41、uresC.systems D.concepts解析：二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_解析：3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._解析：It was inevitable that any of President George W. Bush“s fans had to be very di
42、sappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The president“s defense was pathetic: He argued that the steel tariffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggling, and that the relief was a temporary measure to a
43、llow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U.S. integrated steel companies (“Big Steel“) have received various forms of government protection and subsidy for more than 30 years. Instead of encouraging the industry to restructure, the long-term protection has sustain
44、ed inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said in a report on Big Steel: “The American Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker of protection It provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group“. Since 1950s, Big Steel has been reluctant to make the investments nee
