1、考研英语-试卷 104 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. B
2、ut, (1)_ less than three years to go before the end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2)_ that they have made (3)_ progress in reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4)_ every country now has proble
3、ms with (5)_ drugs. And the world is producing and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6)_ rose by over 80 per cent. And, (7)_ the number of smokers keeps on (8)_,by the second or third (9)_ of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each ye
4、ar (10)_ smoking related illnesses. Drugs are also a huge burden (11)_ the world economy. In the United States, for example, it“s estimated that alcohol and illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each year, mainly (12)_ health care. When the cost of tobacco related illnesses
5、is added, (13)_ total more than doubles. Drugs are also closely (14)_ crime. Many police forces no longer (15)_ between illegal and legal drugs when fighting crime. In Australia, for example, experts (16)_ that police in some parts of the country spend between 70 and 80 percent of their time dealing
6、 with alcohol-related incidents. One explanation for the increase in drug (17)_ is simply that people have more money to spend. Tobacco and alcohol companies are now (18)_ much more on developing countries to take (19)_ of greater wealth there. And criminals involved in the illegal drug trade are fo
7、llowing (20)_, introducing drugs into countries where they were previously hardly use.（分数：40.00）A.whenB.withC.asD.ifA.permitB.admitC.promiseD.acceptA.moreB.lessC.littleD.greatA.GenerallyB.ProbablyC.VirtuallyD.UsuallyA.illegibleB.illiberalC.illegalD.illimitableA.aloneB.onlyC.lonelyD.justA.whileB.that
8、C.withD.ifA.raisingB.arisingC.rousingD.risingA.decadeB.yearC.sectionD.periodA.byB.aboutC.withD.fromA.onB.inC.amongD.withinA.inB.onC.aboutD.forA.itsB.thatC.whichD.thenA.related withB.related uponC.related toD.related ontoA.awareB.separateC.investigateD.distinguishA.declareB.estimateC.reportD.predictA
9、.useB.expenseC.productionD.spreadA.spreadingB.concentratingC.earningD.puttingA.careB.muchC.advantageD.profitA.exampleB.forwardC.suitD.after二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
10、 by choosing A, B, C or D._A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist, John Calhoun. In each experiment, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure. The rat populations were allowed
11、to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to over crowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not depende
12、nt on their mothers. At the end of the experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a break down in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community withou
13、t overcrowding. The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers“ care, the pups died. The experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not-beha
14、ve normally. Their behavior may be considered diseased, pathological. The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the sa
15、me way as the other rats did. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviant behaviour showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too were affected by the
16、 general overcrowding. Nondominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely, avoiding contact with other rats. Other nondominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other. The behaviour of the rat population h
17、as parallels in human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun“s experiments. In large urban areas, such as New York City, London, and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. Th
18、ere are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun“s experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.（分数：10.00）(
19、1).Calhoun stabilized the rat population _.（分数：2.00）A.when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB.by removing young ratsC.so that there was a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD.All of the above are correct(2).Which of the following inferences CANNOT be
20、 made from the information in paragraph one?（分数：2.00）A.Calhoun“s experiment is still considered important today.B.Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C.Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding.D.Calhoun had experimented with rats before.(3).Acc
21、ording to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Dominant males had adequate living space.B.Dominant males were not as seriously affected by overcrowding as the other rats.C.Dominant males attacked weaker rats.D.The strongest males are always able to adapt to bad conditions.(4).T
22、he author implies that the behavior of the dominant male rats is sometimes parallel with that of _.（分数：2.00）A.cruel, powerful peopleB.people who abandon their childrenC.hyperactive peopleD.people who would like to keep to themselves(5).The main idea of this passage is that _.（分数：2.00）A.although rats
23、 are affected by overcrowding, people are notB.data from experiments indicate that overcrowding may be an important cause of social pathologyC.the social behavior of rats is seriously affected by overcrowdingD.Calhoun“s experiments have influenced many peopleToday the study of language in our school
24、s is somewhat confused. It is the most traditional of scholastic subjects being taught in a time when many of our traditions no longer fit our needs. You to whom these pages are addressed speak English and are therefore in a worse case than any other literate people. People pondering the origin of l
25、anguage for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of conventionalised grunts, hisses, and cries and must have been a very simple affair in the beginning. But when we observe the language behavior of what we regard as primitive cultures, we find it st
26、rikingly elaborate and complicated. Stefansson, the explorer, said that “In order to get along reasonably well an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. Moreover these Eski
27、mo words are far more highly inflected than those of any of the well-known European languages, for a single noun can be spoken or written in several hundred different forms, each having a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more numerous. The Eskimo lang
28、uage is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn, with the result that almost no traders or explorers have even tried to learn it. Consequently there has grown up, an intercourse between Eskimos and whites, a jargon similar to the pidgin English used in China, with a vocabulary of
29、 from 300 to 600 uninflected words, most of them derived from Eskimo but some derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon which is usually referred to by travelers as “the Eskimo language“. And Professor Thalbitzer of Copenhagen, who did take the trouble to
30、 learn Eskimo, seems to endorse the explorer“s view when he writes: “The language is polysynthetic. The grammar is extremely rich in flexional forms, the conjugation of a common verb ending. For the declension of a noun there are 150 suffixes (for dual and plural, local cases, and possessive flexion
31、). The derivative endings effective in the vocabulary and the construction of sentences or sentence-like words a mount to at least 250. Not withstanding all these constructive peculiarities, the grammatical and synthetic system is remarkably concise and, in its own way, logical.“（分数：10.00）(1).The si
32、ze of the Eskimo language spoken by most whites is _.（分数：2.00）A.spoken in English, Denmark, Spain, and HawaiiB.less than the size of the language spoken by EskimosC.inestimableD.irrelevant(2).Some of the evidence about language in the passage is taken from the observations of _.（分数：2.00）A.linguistsB
33、.EskimosC.businessmenD.an explorer(3).According to the passage, the language of primitive cultures was _.（分数：2.00）A.nonexistentB.only spoken by EskimoC.simple-mindedD.elaborate and complicated(4).The author“s overall point is that _.（分数：2.00）A.primitive language may be large, complex, and complicate
34、dB.primitive language may be large, complex, and logicalC.primitive language may be large, old, and logicalD.primitive language may be similar to pidgin English(5).In the passage, the author mentioned:“ Eskimo words are highly inflected“, this probably means（分数：2.00）A.Eskimo words are full of formsB
35、.Eskimo words are difficult to spellC.Eskimo words are numerousD.Eskimo words are hard to understandFire can be thought of as any combustion process intense enough to emit light. It may be a quietly burning flame or the brilliant flash of an explosion. A typical combustion process is the burning of
36、gasoline in an automobile engine. The vaporized fuel is mixed with air, compressed in the engine“s cylinder, and ignited by a spark. As the fuel flame up, the heat produced flows into the adjacent layer of unburned fuel and ignites it. In this way a zone of fire spreads throughout the fuel mixture i
37、s called a combustion wave. The speed at which such a combustion wave travels through a fuel mixture is called the burning velocity of the mixture. The burning velocity of a gas such as methane quietly burning in air is only about one foot per second. By comparison, the burning velocity of more reac
38、tive combinations such as the rocket Fuels, hydrogen and fluorine, can be hundreds of feet per second. If the fuel flows at the same speed as the combustion wave, the result is a stationary flame, like the one in your kitchen gas burner. In the kitchen burner a jet of gas mixed with airflows from th
39、e opening in the head of the burner. If the velocity of the fuel mixture flowing from the opening is greater than its burning velocity, the flame blows out. In jet engines speeding through the air at 500 to 600 miles per hour, the engine“s flame is sometimes blown out by the blast of air entering th
40、e combustion chamber at high speeds. Jet pilots call this condition “flameout“. Combustion can sometimes occur very slowly. A familiar example of slow combustion is the drying of ordinary oil-based paint. In this chemical reaction, called oxidation, the oxygen in the air reacts with the drying oil i
41、n the paint to provide a tough film. The linseed oil molecules link together, forming an insoluble coating. How can the chemical reaction involved in such a quiet process as the drying of paint also produce spectacular flames and explosions? The main difference between the two is the temperature at
42、which they occur. At lower temperatures the reaction must take place over a long time. The heat which is slowly produced is dissipated to the surroundings and does not speed up the reaction. When the heat produced by the low-temperature reaction is retained instead of being dissipated, the system br
43、eaks into flame. In a flame or explosion, the reactions are extremely fast. In many chemical processes, however, such a rapid oxidation process would be extremely destructive.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following states the major difference between oxidation and fire?（分数：2.00）A.Their burning velociti
44、es differ in rate.B.Oxidation is a chemical reaction while fire is a physical reaction.C.Oxidation does not create heat.D.They occur at different temperatures.(2).Rocket fuels are more explosive than methane gas because of _.（分数：2.00）A.the temperature at which combustion takes placeB.the degree of o
45、xidation accomplished for the combustion processC.the location of the combustionD.the greater burning velocity(3).A steady flame in a gas burner is the result of _.（分数：2.00）A.a burning velocity equal to the combustion waveB.fuel being supplied at the same rate as the combustion waveC.fuel being supp
46、lied at a higher rate than that of the burning velocityD.a low combustion wave(4).Which of the following could not be defined as combustion?（分数：2.00）A.A quietly burning flame.B.An explosion.C.A radiator giving off heat.D.The drying of oil-based paint.(5).An attempt on the part of the author of this
47、passage to give a more informal tone to his writing occurs in _.（分数：2.00）A.paragraph 2B.paragraph 4C.paragraph 5D.paragraph 7The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these bo
48、oks as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidenc
