1、考研英语-983 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the rarefied world of the corporate board, a good network matters. (1) often involves word-of-mouth recommendations: getting on a (2) is easier if you have the right connections. New research suggests men use (3) better than
2、women.Marie Lalanne and Paul Seabright of the Toulouse School of Economics (4) the effect of a network on (5) using a database of board members in Europe and America. They find that if you were to compare two executive directors, (6) in every way except that one had 200 ex-colleagues now (7) boards
3、and the other 400, the latter, (8) , would be paid 6% more. For non-executives the gap is 14%The really (9) finding concerns the difference between the sexes. Among executive-board members, women earn 17% less than their male (10) . There are plenty of plausible explanations for this (11) , from int
4、erruptions to womens careers to old-fashioned (12) . But the authors find that this pay gap can be fully (13) by the effect of executives networks. Men can leverage a large network into more senior positions or a seat on a more (14) board ; women dont seem to be able to.Women could just have (15) co
5、nnections with members of their networks. “Women seem more inclined to build and rely on only a few strong relationships,“ says Mr. Seabright. Men are better at developing (16) acquaintances into a network, and better at maintaining a high personal (17) through these contacts. Women may, of course,
6、also be hurt by the existing (18) of men on boards and a male (19) for filling executive positions with other men. But a tendency to think of other men first will be (20) if talented women dont stay on the radar.（分数：10.00）(1).A. Employment B. Application C. Option D. Recruitment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).
7、A. shortlist B. checklist C. pamphlet D. leaflet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. commissions B. tactics C. contacts D. techniques（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. document B. measure C. supervise D. prospect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. claim B. reparation C. remuneration D. allowance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. identical B. sim
8、ilar C. differential D. distinctive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. sitting by B. sitting on C. sitting for D. sitting in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. in common B. by contrast C. at hand D. on average（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. confidential B. juicy C. lucid D. scandalous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. associates B. equivale
9、nce C. counterparts D. companions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. disparity B. divergence C. similarity D. analogy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. discourtesy B. disturbance C. dispute D. discrimination（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. explained B. compensated C. eliminated D. induced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. industrious B.
10、ludicrous C. lucrative D. economical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. weaker B. stronger C. promising D. fabulous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. transient B. temperate C. imminent D. passing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. resume B. qualification C. outline D. profile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. monopoly B. transaction C. domi
11、nance D. surveillance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. perspiration B. substitute C. prerequisite D. preference（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. amplified B. aggravated C. popularized D. increased（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the last ten years,
12、the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can be like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or o
13、f questionable value. Some Web enthusiasts, have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Interne t allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute.This “peoples encyclopedia“ of the Weba free site called Wi
14、kipediahas provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating Web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, Web sites that allow users to directly edit any Web page with one click of the mouse.Wikipediathe largest example of these c
15、ollaborative effortsis a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to change and impro
16、ve the content. Each and every article has an “Edit this page“ button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passers-by, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and revised by the tho
17、usands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept of World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Leean online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exchange information.The Wikipedia project was started by Jimmy Wales, head of
18、 Internet startup Bomis. corn, after his original project for a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the content to
19、 languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitor to edit or add to the collection.The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20,000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translations. Aft
20、er two years, it had 100,000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in English and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according to website rankings at Alexa. com, it has become more popular than
21、traditional online encyclopedias such as Britannica. com and is one of the top 600 most heavily visited websites on the Internet.（分数：10.00）(1).The author called Wikipedia “peoples encyclopedia“ because _.A. it is accessible to all the passers-byB. it can be edited by everyoneC. it is run by ordinary
22、 peopleD. it is built to the taste of common citizens（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whats the goal of Wikipedia according to the text?A. To create a peoples encyclopedia that is free to share and copy.B. To produce a credible and authoritative reference tool.C. To create an online environment where people fre
23、ely exchange information.D. To create a volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “languish“ (Line 4, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _.A. wither B. abort C. lose vigor D. lose appeal（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, Jimmy Wales initiated Wikiped
24、ia project in order to _.A. create a peoples encyclopedia B. produce huge amounts of articlesC. make available resources useful again D. promote a wiki website（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true about Wikipedia?A. It, has once run into trouble.B. There existed disaster and chaos in t
25、he beginning.C. Many articles of it are outdated or of questionable value.D. It has been a great success from the beginning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Rebel uprising kills seventy! Plane crash leaves no survivors! Rock star dies of overdose!Evening newscasts and metropolitan newspapers
26、 scream the bad news, the sensational, and the action.Audiences of today focus upon the sensational action, the violence, the loss, the terror. Individually, our lives are redirected, our worlds reshaped, and our images changed. While wary of the danger of change, we human beings surrender daily to
27、exploitation of values, opportunities, and sensitivity. The evolution has brought us to the point that we believe little of what is presented to us as good and valuable; instead, we opt for suspicion and disbelief, demanding proof and something for nothing.Therein lies the danger for the writer seek
28、ing to break into the market of today. Joumalists sell sensationalism. The journalist who loses sight of the simple truth and opts only for the sensation loses the audience over the long run. Only those seeking a short-term thrill are interested in following the joumalistic thinking.How, then do we
29、capture the audience of today and hold it, when the competition for attention is so fierce? The answer is writing to convey action, and the way to accomplish this is a simple one-action verbs.The writer whose product suspends time for the reader or viewer is the successful writer whose work is sough
30、t and reread. Why?Time often will melt away in the face of the reality of lifes little responsibilities for the reader. Instead of puzzling over a more active and more accurate verb, some joumalists often limp through passive voice and useless tense to squeeze the life out of an action-filled world
31、and fill their writing with missed opportunities to appeal to the reader who seeks that moment of suspended time.Recently, a reporter wrote about observing the buildings in a community robbed by rebel uprising as “thousands of bullet holes were in the hotel. “ A very general observation. Suppose he
32、had written, “The hotel was pocked with bullet holes. “ The visual image conjured up by the latter is far superior to the former. Here is the reader, comfortable in the easy chair before the fire with the dog at his feet. The verb “pocked“ speaks to him.The journalist missed the opportunity to conve
33、y the reality.（分数：10.00）(1).Why do the media always report sensational topics?A. Journalists of today are excited about conveying these topics.B. Newscasts and newspapers pay the utmost attention to these topics.C. These topics hold greater appeal for the public than any other topics.D. Audiences of
34、 today dont believe what is good and valuable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Being anxious to capture the readers attention, some journalists _.A. attempt to add spice to writing with invented incidentsB. utilize events and actions to compete with each otherC. exploit the short attention span and sensationali
35、ze the storyD. report only the unfamiliar incidents to seek short-term thrill（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Some works are sought and reread because _.A. they save time for the readers and viewers B. they are responsible for the readersC. they report international incidents D. they are pieces of active writin
36、g（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, which of the following might be true of the journalists?A. They seek the easy way out. B. Language is the tool of them.C. The truth is never conveyed in their report. D. They only want to exploit the readers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following s
37、erves as the best title for the text?A. Return to Vivid Description B. Audience Distracted by JournalistsC. Journalists: Sensationalism Sellers D. How to Become a Competent Reporter（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Gene therapy and gene based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growi
38、ng mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a
39、 complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in
40、a pregnancy, when so called stem cells havent begun to specialize.Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cellsbrain cells in Alzheimers, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few; if doctors could
41、 isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue.It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The p
42、rocess still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin. True cloning, a
43、s first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.For
44、 agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures
45、are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year.Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same adva
46、ntages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true “miracle cure“.（分数：10.00）(1).The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will _.A. aggravate moral issues of human cloning B. b
47、ring great benefits to human beingsC. help scientists decode body instructions D. involve employing surgical instruments（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “rejuvenated“ (Para. 5) most probably means _.A. modified B. recollected C. classified D. reactivated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The research at the Universi
48、ty of Wisconsin is mentioned to show _.A. the isolation of stem cells B. the effects of gene therapiesC. the advantages of human cloning D. the limitations of tissue replacements（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true according to the text?A. The principle of gene therapy is applicable t
49、o that of cloning.B. The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible.C. It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated.D. Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Towards the genetic research, the authors attitude can best be said to be that of _.A. frustration B. indifference C. amazement D. opposition（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a
