1、考研英语-970 及答案解析(总分：87.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In his 1979 book, The Sinking Ark, biologist Norman Myers estimated that (1) of more than 100 human-caused extinctions occur each day, and that one million species (2) lost by the centurys end. Yet there is little evidence of (3)
2、 that number of extinctions. For example, only seven species on the (4) species list have become extinct (5) the list was created in 1973.Bio- (6) is an important value, according to many scientists. Nevertheless, the supposed (7) extinction rates bandied about are achieved by multiplying unknowns b
3、y (8) to get imponderables.Many estimates, for instance, rely a great deal on a “species-area (9) “, which predicts that twice as many species will be found on 100 square miles (10) on ten square miles. The problem is that species are not distributed (11) , so which parts of a forest are destroyed m
4、ay be as important as (12) .(13) , says Ariel Lugo, director of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry- in Puerto Rico, “Biologists who predict high extinction rates (14) the resiliency of nature. “One of the main causes of extinctions is (15) According to the Consultative Group on Interna
5、tional Agricultural Research, what destroys (16) trees is not commercial logging, but “poor farmers who have no other (17) for feeding their families than slashing arid bunting a (18) of forest“.In countries that practice modern (19) agriculture, forests are in no danger. In 1920, U.S. forests cover
6、ed 732 million acres. Today they cover 737 million. Forests in Europe (20) from 361 million to 482 million acres between 1950 and 1990.（分数：10.00）(1).A. a figure B. a total C. an amount D. an average（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. would be B. would have C. will be D. will have（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. anything
7、 like B. anywhere from C. anywhere near D. anything but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. jeopardized B. threatened C. risked D. endangered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. though B. when C. since D. unless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. variety B. diversity C. polarization D. differentiation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. throng B. qu
8、antity C. cluster D. mass（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. unsuitables B. improbables C. impropers D. inappropriates（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. equation B. formula C. coordination D. correspondence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. when B. like C. though D. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. orderly B. widespreadly C. randomly D.
9、densely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. which place B. how many C. which time D. how much（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. What is more B. However C. Nonetheless D. Therefore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. undermine B. underestimate C. understate D. undercalculate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. deplantation B. reforestation C. de
10、forestation D. replantation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. tropical B. territorial C. atmospheric D. environmental（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. capacity B. occupation C. opportunity D. option（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. stack B. patch C. field D. plot（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. high-quality B. high-speed C. high-yield
11、 D. high-level（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. expanded B. extended C. enhanced D. improved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Yasuhisa Shizoki, a SI-year-old MP from Japans ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), starts tapping his finger on the
12、dismal economic chart on his coffee table. “Unless we change the decision-making process,“ he says bluntly, “we are not going to be able to solve this kind of problem.“ With the economy in such a mess, it may seem a bit of a diversion to be trying to sort out Japans political structures as well as i
13、ts economic problems.Since co-writing a report on political reform, which was released by an LDP panel last week, Mr. Shizoki has further upset the partys old guard. Its legionaries, flanked by columns of the bureaucracy, continue to hamper most attempts to overhaul the economy. Junichiro Koizumi wa
14、s supposed to change all that, by going over their heads and appealing directly to the public. Yet nearly a year after becoming prime minister, Mr. Koizumi has precious little to show for his efforts. His popularity is now flagging and his determination is increasingly in doubt.As hopes of immediate
15、 economic reform fade, optimists are focusing on another potential benefit of Mr. Koizumis tenure. They hope that his highly personalized style of leadership will pave the way for a permanent change in Japanese politics: towards more united and authoritative cabinets that are held directly accountab
16、le for their policies. As that happens, the thinking goes, real economic reforms will be able to follow. Unfortunately, damage-limitation in the face of scandal too often substitutes for real reform. More often, the scandals serve merely as distractions. What is really needed is an overhaul of the r
17、ules themselves.A leading candidate for change is the 40-year-old system-informal but religiously followed-through which the LDP machinery vets every bill before it ever gets to parliament. Most legislation starts in the LDPs party committees, which mirror the parliamentary committee structure. Prop
18、osals then go through two higher LDP bodies, which hammer out political deals to smooth their passage. Only then does the prime ministers cabinet get fully involved in approving the policy. Most issues have been decided by the LDP mandarins long before they reach this point, let alone the floor of p
19、arliament, leaving even the prime minister limited influence, and allowing precious little room for public debate and even less for accountability.As a result, progress will probably remain slow. Since they know that political reform leads to economic reform, and hence poses a threat to their intere
20、sts, most of the LDP will resist any real changes. But at least a handful of insiders have now brought into one of Mr. Koizumis best slogans: “Change the LDP, change Japan./（分数：6.00）(1).The diversion Yasuhisa Shizoki enjoys is mentioned in the text to _.A. introduce the topic of economic reforms.B.
21、honor his unique service to the LDP.C. highlight his ability to solve problems.D. show how he sort out his slogans.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The expression “the LDP mandarins“ (Paragraph 4) most probably means _.A. cabinets who are held liable for their policies.B. those who work in LDPs party committees
22、.C. candidates for two higher LDP bodies.D. those who are strong in favor of reforms.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The basic problem of Japanese economy as pointed out by the writer lies in _.A. its prime ministers negligence.B. the inefficiency of its parliament.C. its defective political structures.D. the
23、resistance to any changes.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).In the eyes of the author, a political reform in Japan _.A. should precede an economic reform.B. cannot do without Koizumis popularity.C. should follow an overhaul of the rules.D. is a now boom on the horizon.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).It seems that the write
24、r is very critical of _.A. LDP bodies accountability.B. the prime minister.C. advocates of economic reforms.D. the LDP machinery.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the comical moments in the early history of printing occurred in 1631, when the English printer Robert Barker produced an e
25、dition of the scriptures which became known as the “Wicked Bible.“ This edition contained a misprint of the seventh commandmem. One thousand copies were printed and ready for publication before someone noticed that the commandment had been changed to “Thou shalt commit adultery.“ Nothing much came o
26、f it. The printer was fined, the copies destroyed and the moral fiber of the nation remained intact.But what happens when the verse at issue is not merely a printers error but an ancient interpolation into an even more ancient text? Such was the case with 1 John 5:7, the biblical proof-text for the
27、doctrine of the Trinity. Erasmus, Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke, among others, challenged the texts authenticity. When Erasmus left the verse out of the first edition of his monumental Greek New Testament (1516), he was roundly criticized for encouraging heresies, schisms and conflicts. Erasmuss c
28、ritics knew that approaching the Bible in a scholarly fashion was dangerous: even the most pious attempts at rational understanding of scripture could result in skepticism or atheism. How can one appraise the Bible critically and still maintain its authority?.In his engaging and very thorough book,
29、David Katz explores the ways this question was addressed in England from the Reformation onward. A professor at Tel Aviv University, Katz is the author of The Jews in the History of England, 1485-1850 and a host of books and articles on early- modem skepticism and religion. In Gods Last Words, Katz
30、maintains that every era responds to the Bible differently based on shifting cultural assumptions, and he examines the “lens through which the Bible was read“ in various historical moments. While Reformation leaders accepted the transparency of the Bibles message, by the late 17th century, this view
31、 could no longer be maintained, Katz states. During the 18th century the Bible came to be regarded as just another literary text-one which increasingly had to conform to contemporary standards of realism. As Darwins theories became widely known, 19th-century readers applied an evolutionary model to
32、the Bible and began m see it as the product of a primitive mentality very different from their own. These new ways of reading the Bible seemed to destroy its authority completely until the fundamentalist movement reasserted the old Protestant belief in the Bibles sole authority.（分数：10.00）(1).Why was
33、 the edition printed by Robert Barker called the “Wicked Bible“?A. Because it contained a mistake.B. Because it allowed people to commit adultery.C. Because the original content of Bible was changed a lot in this edition.D. Because a misprint of this edition affected the original meaning.（分数：2.00）A.
34、B.C.D.(2).What is the meaning of “interpolation“ (Line 2, Para. 2)?A. misinterpretationB. interpretationC. translationD. explanation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Erasmuss work was criticized as heresies because_.A. he adapted the BibleB. he approached the scripture in a scholarly fashionC. he appraised the s
35、cripture criticallyD. he understood the scripture rationally（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Katzs attitude to the adaptation of Bible isA. positiveB. negativeC. skepticalD. indifferent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Reformation leaders thought all the messages in Bible wer
36、e original.B. People in 18th century can adapt Bible to their wills.C. Bible was looked upon as the primitive peoples thoughts in 19th century.D. Bibles authority was reassumed through the fundamentalist movement.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)New claims for unemployment insurance dipped l
37、ast week, suggesting that companies are laying off fewer workers as the budding economic recovery unfolds. The Labor Department reported on Thursday that for the work week ending April 27, new claims for jobless benefits went down by a seasonally adjusted 10,000 to 418,000, the lowest level since Ma
38、rch 23In another report, orders to U. S. factories rose for the fourth straight month, a solid 0.4 percent rise in March. The figure was largely boosted by stronger demand for unendurable goods, such as food, clothes, paper products and chemicals. Total unendurable goods were up 1.6 percent in March
39、, the biggest increase in two years. Orders also rose for some manufactured goods, including metals, construction machinery, household appliances and defense equipment. The report reinforces the view that the nations manufacturers-which sharply cut production and saw hundreds of thousands of jobs ev
40、aporate during the recession-are on the comeback trail. Stocks were rising again on Thursday. In the first half-four of trading, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 43 points and the Nasdaq index was up 14 points. In the jobless-claims report, even with the decline, a government analyst said, th
41、e level was inflated as a result of a technical fluke. The distortion is coming from a requirement that laid-off workers seeking to take advantage of a federal extension for benefits must summit new claims. Congress recently passed legislation signed into law by President Bush that provided a 13-wee
42、k extension of jobless benefits. The fluck has clouded the layoffs picture for several weeks. But the government analyst said the refilling requirement is having much less of an effect on the claims numbers than in previous weeks. The more stable four-week moving average of new claims, which smoothe
43、s out weekly fluctuation, also fell last week to 435750, the lowest level since the beginning of April. But the number of workers continuing to receive unemployment benefits rose to 3.8 million for the work week ending April 20, evidence that people who are out of work are having trouble finding new
44、 jobs. Economists predict that job growth wont be strong enough in the coming months to prevent the nations unemployment rate-now at 5.7 percent-from rising. Many economists are forecasting a rise in Aprils jobless rate to 5.8 percent and estimating that businesses added around 55,000 jobs during th
45、e month. The government will release the April employment report on Friday. Even as the economy bounces back from recession, some economists expect the jobless rate will peak to just over 6 percent by June. That is because companies will be reluctant to quickly hire back laid-off workers until they
46、are assured the recovery is here to stay. Given the fledging rebound, many economists expect the Federal Reserve to leave short-term interest rates-now at 40-year lows-unchanged when it meets on May 7The Fed adjusted interest rates 11 times in a row last year to rescue the economy from recession, wh
47、ich began in May 2001. （分数：10.00）(1).The fact that new claims for jobless benefits decreased shows that_. A. the economy is well on its way to recovery B. more jobless workers have found new jobs C. companies have slowed down firing workers D. unemployment rates fluctuate on a seasonal basis（分数：2.00
48、）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the present situation of the manufacturing industry? A. It is recovering. B. It now suffers much setback. C. It has opened up thousands of employment opportunities. D. It has increased the production of unendurable goods.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the first sentence of the second p
49、aragraph, the “ level“ refers to the level of_. A. unemployment B. growth of production C. new jobless claims D. rise of the stocks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following was on the rise in April? A. New claims for jobless benefits. B. The number of workers laid off. C. The number of people living on jobless benefits. D. The number of people finding new jobs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).One result of the present budding economic recovery is the_. A. reduction in unemployment rate B. gradual rise of the interest rates C
