1、考研英语-966 及答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Egyptian wine has an extensive history within the history of Egyptian civilization. Grapes were not (1) to the landscape of Egypt, rather the vines themselves are (2) to have been imported from the Phoenicians, (3) the actual ori
2、gins remain in (4) . What is known, is that (5) the third millennium BC, Egyptian kings of the first (6) had extensive wine cellars, and wine was used extensively in the temple ceremonies. The main (7) of wine in Egypt, took place between the king, nobles, and the priests in temple ceremonies, and i
3、s (8) by numerous painted reliefs, and other (9) evidence. The vineyards of ancient Egypt, were quite different from the modern methods of wine making today. (10) viticulture ( or wine making) ,ceased to (11) an exclusively ceremonial purpose, the Egyptians began to experiment with simple structures
4、 for their vines to train on, (12) found a way to train their vines so they were easy low (13) bushes, and found ways for the soil to (14) more moisture for the vines. Egyptian wine making experiments included Re use of different wine presses, adding heat to the must ( the grape juice ready for ferm
5、entation) (15) make the wine sweet, and differences in vat types and materials. The (16) finished product of wine, was poured through a cloth falter, and then into earthenware jars, (17) they would be sealed with natural tar and left to (18) . The Egyptians kept accurate records of their vintages, a
6、nd (19) of their wines, each jar of wine was clearly (20) with it s own vintage, and quality.（分数：10.00）(1).A. born B. native C. grown D. planted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. proved B. believed C. hypothesized D. established（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. though B. if C. as D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. dispute B
7、. debate C. discussion D. argument（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. since B. after C. by D. to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. generation B. dynasty C. sovereignty D. empire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. cost B. expense C. exhaustion D. consumption（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. implied B. demonstrated C. evidenced D. aided（分数：0.50）
8、A.B.C.D.(9).A. archeological B. architectural C. artistic D. anthropological（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. As B. For C. After D. Since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. act B. serve C. work D. reach（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. as long as B. as well as C. as soon as D. so long as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. maintenance B. p
9、rotection C. care D. attention（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. maintain B. retain C. contain D. attain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. rather than B. but C. and D. in order to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. final B. end C. eventual D. ultimate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. which B. when C. where D. and（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. p
10、rotection B. ferment C. taste D. drink（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. quality B. quantity C. nature D. aura（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. marked B. written C. labeled D. recorded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Income inequality in the United Stat
11、e remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970s, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970s and 1980s , an increasingly clear trend toward greater income inequality em
12、erged. By the end of the 1980s, the top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990s and currently shows no signs of decline. W
13、hen the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to be one with an increase of well-paid technical, scientific and profes
14、sional jobs at the top, a sliding middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure.As occupational reconstructing and growing income inequality have become increasin
15、gly evident, a heated debate as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the job-skill mismatch thesis and the polarization thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that there is an increasing distance between the high skill requirements of
16、 post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend toward greater inequality is temporary arid will dissipate once the s
17、upply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the workers will experience an upgrading in their wages over the long run. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the rise in inequality is permanent, a result of the shift to a service
18、-based economy. This vision of the postindustrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe the causes are structural and permanent, polarization theorists wou
19、ld deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality.Studies show that the long-run increase in income inequality is also related to changes in the Nations labor market and its
20、 household composition. The wage distribution has become considerably more unequal with more highly skilled, trained and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor is the shift in employment from those goods-producing industries that
21、 have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry, shifts in labor demand away from less-educated workers are perhaps a more impo
22、rtant explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing.Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion of workers belonging to unions, the decline in the real value of the
23、 minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers.（分数：10.00）(1).From the Paragraph 1, we can see that beginning in the 1970s_.A. income became more unequalB. income became more equalC. income became more unstableD. income became more stable（分数：2.00）A
24、.B.C.D.(2).According to the statistics of the 1980s, which of the following is NOT true?A. The top 20 percent of the workers earned more than the well-paid technicians.B. Over half of the workers were poorly paid.C. There were more service jobs.D. Income still remained unequal.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A
25、ccording to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Both mismatch theorists and polarization theorists think that greater inequality will remain.B. Mismatch theorists and polarization theorists have opposite views regarding the post-industrial economy.C. Polarization theorists
26、do not think it useful to train the workers.D. Both groups of theorists try to explain the causes of income inequality.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is true?A. The long-run increase in income inequality is caused by he wage distribution.B. fewer goods-producing industrial wo
27、rkers will be employed.C. Not enough college students are employed by different services.D. Less educated workers have become more important.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the writer, intensifying global competition and immigration will _.A. reduce the proportion of union workersB. reduce the rea
28、l value of the minimum wageC. increase the use of temporary workersD. make the wages of less-educated workers go down（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring
29、 social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a periodof sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversi
30、fication and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultura pursuitsAlthough the birth rate continued to, decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the population roughly doubled every generation during the re
31、st of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility - downward as well as upward - touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three- quarters of the pop
32、ulation in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, “Social atomization affected every segment of society“, and it seemed to many people that
33、 “all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.“Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in so
34、ciety became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquillity and order. As the size of families decreased, the
35、roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was r
36、ent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?_A. The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth centuryB. Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United StatesC. Pop
37、ulation growth in the western United StatesD. The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the Unites States（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United States_A. emigrated to other countriesB. often settled in the WestC
38、. tended to change the place in which they livedD. had a higher rate of birth than ever before（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?_A. A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideasB. A society that was undergoing fundam
39、ental changeC. A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700sD. A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is not mentioned as an example of the social changes occurring in the United States after 1821)?_A. Increased social
40、mobilityB. Increased immigrationC. Significant movement of populationD. Strong emphasis on traditional social values（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).With which of the following opinions would the author be likely to agree?_A. Womens lives significantly improved as the United States economy expandedB. Women had
41、more opportunities for employment in the western United States than in other regionsC. The home after 1820 was a superior social entity to that of the eighteenth centuryD. Increased social fragmentation negatively affected middle class family life（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)My inspirati
42、on is my grandmother, whos still alive at 96. She raised me from the time I was 8 on a dairy farm in Wisconsin. In another era she could have done what I do, although I didnt know what a CEO was then. Im a real go-getter and dont know any other way. I tell my 12-year-old daughter, if you have a test
43、, why not try for an A? I dont believe in half doing something.In my career, the biggest shock came in my 20s. I loved my job as a field systems analyst at 3M, and wanted my first managers job at headquarters. They even told me I was the best candidate, totally qualified. Then they told me, “Its not
44、 possible because youre a woman.“ I was so shocked that I quit. I had this feeling of being totally blown away as I crawled back to Atlanta.I preach to people: there are no bad bosses. You learn how not to treat people. My worst boss was full of himself and wanted to micromanage. The man didnt have
45、a complimentary bone in his body. I still have my performance review he wrote in small anal print. It was winter in Minnesota. I didnt want to drive. I was out the door at 5 p.m. because the bus left the front door at 5: 06. He put that down in my review how fast I was out the door. It didnt matter
46、the rest of the year I was there until 6 or 7.Later, when I switched companies. I attended an off-site strategy meeting in Florida. There was a barbecue and the meeting continued on into the evening. My boss boss threw a towel across the room and said, “Clean up, Carol.“ I caught the towel, went ove
47、r and scrubbed his face. Everybody in the room went “Ohhhh.“The luckiest thing in my career is that I have a computer science degree. Doors opened wide at a time when it wasnt necessarily great for women. If I could wave a magic wand, Id have every girl pass college freshman calculus.（分数：10.00）(1).I
48、t can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author_.A. lives in the countryside B. is a middle-aged manC. is a CEO D. does very well in tests（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the biggest shock in the writers career?A. She lost her job as a field systems analyst in 1920s.B. She lost her grandmothe
49、r who was her inspiration.C. She was denied the post of first manager on account of sexual discrimination.D. She quit after being totally blown away and crawled back home.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).“It didnt matter the rest of the year I was there until 6 or 7“ ( Line 6, Para. 3 ) implies that_.A. the boss did not care if she was there at 6 or 7 oclockB. the boss never had a good opinion of her ever since, no matter how she triedC. it didnt matter in the rest of the year whether she left her work at 6 or 7 oclockD. sh
