1、考研英语-965 及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)With Airbuss giant A380 airliner about to take to the skies, you might think planes could not get much bigger and you would be right. For a given design, it turns (1) , there comes a point where the wings become too heavy to gen
2、erate (2) lift to carry their own weight. (3) a new way of designing and making materials could (4) that problem. Two engineers (5) University College London have devised an innovative way to customise and control the (6) of a material throughout its three dimension al structure.In the (7) of a wing
3、, this would make possible a material that is dense, strong and load-bearing at one end, close to the fuselage, (8) the extremities could be made less dense, lighter and more (9) . It is like making bespoke materials, (10) you can customise the physical properties of every cubic millimetre of a stru
4、cture.The new technique combines existing technologies in a(n) (11) way. It starts by using finite-element-analysis software, of the type commonly used by engineers, (12) a virtual prototype of the object. The software models the stresses and strains that the object will need to (13) throughout its
5、structure. Using this information it is then (14) to calculate the precise forces acting on millions of smaller subsections of the structure. (15) of these subsections is (16) treated as a separate object with its own set of forces acting on it-and each subsection (17) for a different microstructure
6、 to absorb those local forces.Designing so many microstructures manually (18) be a huge task, so the researchers apply an optimisation program, called a genetic algorithm, (19) . This uses a process of randomisation and trial-and-error to search the vast number of possible microstructures to find th
7、e most (20) design for each subsection.（分数：20.00）(1).A. off B. out C. away D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. many B. much C. enough D. necessary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. But B. And C. Or D. Yet（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. find B. discover C. get down D. get around（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. of B. at C. in D. from（分
8、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. properties B. nature C. qualities D. characteristics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. sample B. case C. condition D. situation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. while B. which C. what D. where（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. easy B. flexible C. reflective D. compatible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. as B. since C.
9、 because D. so long as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. novel B. strange C. odd D. peculiar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. creates B. and creates C. creating D. to create（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. stand B. sustain C. understand D. withstand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. possible B. impossible C. likely D. unlikely（分数：1.00）
10、A.B.C.D.(15).A. Each B. One C. Every D. All（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. next B. then C. after D. since（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. asks B. calls C. demands D. requires（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. is to B. should C. would D. has to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. in order B. in place C. in spite D. instead（分数：1.00）A.B.C
11、.D.(20).A. perfect B. complete C. suitable D. proper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Rupert Murdoch sees beams of light in the American advertising market, it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses. Last October, whe
12、n the impact of September 11th was only beginning to tell, the boss of NASCAR, a media group, had already identified “ strong rays of sunshine“. With ad sales still languishing, Mr. Murdoch declared last month that “ there are some hints of a modest upswing in tile US advertising market“. His early
13、optimism turned out to be misplaced. Now, however, other industry observers are beginning to agree with him.Advertising usually exaggerates the economic cycle, falling sharply and early in a downturn, and rebounding strongly once the economy has begun to recover. This is because most managers prefer
14、 to trim their ad budgets rather than their payrolls, and restore such spending only once they feel sure that things are looking up. Last year, Americas ad market shrank by 9. 8% , according to CMIR, a research firm. Although ad spending has not yet recovered across all media, some analysts now expe
15、ct overall ad spending to start to grow in the third quarter.The signs of improvement are patchy, however. Ad spending on radio and television seems to be inching upadvertising on American National Radio was up 2% in January on the same period last year, according to Aegiswhile spending on magazines
16、 and newspapers is still weak. Even within any one market, there are huge differences; just pick up a copy of one of the now-slimline high-teeh magazines that once bulged with ads, and compare it with the hefty celebrity or womens titles. Advertisers in some categories, such as the travel industry,
17、are still reluctant to buy space or airtime, while others, such as the car and movie businesses, have been bolder. The winter Olympics, held last month in Salt Lake City, has also distorted the spending on broadcast advertising in the first quarter.Nonetheless, there is an underlying pattern. One me
18、asure is the booking of ad spots for national brands on local television. By early March, according to Mr. Westerfields analysis, such bookings were growing fast across eight out of the top ten advertising sectors, led by the financial and motor industries. UBS Warburg now expects the “ upfront“ mar
19、ket, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots on the TV networks for the new season in September, to be up 4% on last year. On some estimates, even online advertising could pick up by the end of the year.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “it is not necessarily time to reac
20、h for the sunglasses“ (Para. 1)?A. The sunshine is not terribly strong.B. It is not good time to develop advertising.C. There is no need to worry about economy now.D. The real economic recovery has yet to take place.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mr. Murdochs early market estimation was_.A. exaggerating the s
21、ituationB. being too cautiousC. underestimating the developmentD. probably describing the reality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true according to the text?A. Advertising is a sensitive marker of economic change.B. Managers will first cut salary during economic downturn.C. CMR was wro
22、ng about last years US ad market.D. Advertising spending has started overall growing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Signs of improvement are visible in the advertising of_.A. high-tech magazines and sports industryB. celebrity magazines and travel industryC. womens magazines and car industryD. movie industry
23、and high-teeh magazines（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors view of the prospect of US advertising market?A. Recovery will be slow but sure.B. There will be a big jump.C. Patchy improvement will occur.D. The situation will remain pessimistie.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Marine L
24、t. Alan Zarracina finally did the splits after months of struggling with the difficult pose in yoga class, the limber women around him applauded.Zarracina, a 24-year-old Naval Academy graduate and flight student, admits he would have a hard time explaining the scene to other Marines. Each class ends
25、 with a chant for peace. Then, instructor Nancy La Nasa hands students incense sticks as a gift for their 90 minutes of back bends, shoulder stands and other challenging positions. Zarracina has tried to drag some of his military friends to class, but they make fun of hint. “Its not necessarily cons
26、idered masculine, he said.Still, the popular classes, based on ancient Hindu practices of meditation through controlled breathing, balancing and stretching, are catching on in military circles as a way to improve flexibility, balance and concentration. A former Navy SEAL told Zarracina about the cla
27、ss.The August edition of Fit Yoga, the nations second-largest yoga magazine with a circulation of 100,000, features a photo of two Naval aviators doing yoga poses in full combat gear aboard an aircraft carrier. “At first it seemed a little shocking-soldiers practicing such a peaceful art,“ writes ed
28、itor Rita Trieger. Upon closer inspection, she said, she noticed “a sense of inner calm on the aviators faces. “War is hell, and if yoga can help them find a little solace, thats good, said Trieger, a longtime New York yoga instructor.Retired Adm. Tom Steffens, who spent34 years as a Navy SEAL and s
29、erved as the director of the elite corps training, regularly practices yoga at his home in Norfolk, Va. “Once in a while Ill sit in class, and everyone is a 20-something young lady with a 10-inch waist and here I am this old guy, he joked. Steffens, who said the stretching helped him eliminate the s
30、tiffness of a biceps injury after surgery, said the benefits of regular practice can be enormous. “The yoga cured all kinds of back pains,“ he said. “Being a SEAL, you beat up your body.“Yoga breathing exercises can help SEALs with their diving, and learning to control the body by remaining in unusu
31、al positions can help members stay in confined spaces for long periods, he said. “The ability to stay focused on something, whether on breathing or on the yoga practice, and not be drawn off course, that has a lot of connection to the military,“ he said. “In our SEAL basic training, there are many t
32、hings that are yoga-like in nature.（分数：10.00）(1).Alan thought it is difficult to explain the scene to his fellow Marines becauseA. yoga is a peaceful meditation process.B. yoga is thought to be a little feminine.C. only women would attend a yoga class.D. Marine soldiers hate to chant for peace.（分数：2
33、.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can infer from the passage that yogaA. has been popular ever since its advent in India.B. is an ancient Hindu practice of meditation.C. focuses on improving muscular strength.D. is becoming increasingly popular among soldiers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Trieger seems to believe thatA. pr
34、acticing yoga can provide soldiers with some sort of relief.B. doing yoga poses in full combat gear is shocking for soldiers.C. soldiers should be peaceful instead of being too masculine.D. military practices of yoga should be done with closer inspection.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Steffens, p
35、racticing yogaA. helps exercisers remain young.B. is very effective in relieving back pains,C. helps exercisers realize the potentials of their bodies.D. are good for forming a habit of doing things in a regular pattern.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can learn from the last paragraph thatA. practicing yoga
36、 can have practical military uses.B. soldiers need to be focused in important missions.C. yoga will soon become a part of SEAL basic training.D. military trainings should design yoga into their program.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Could money cure sick health-care systems in Britain, whic
37、h will be the place to look for proof in 2003. The National Health Service (NHS), which offers free health care financed by taxes, is receiving an emergency no-expense-spared injection of cash. By 2007, total health spending in Britain will reach over 9% of GDP-the same share France had when it was
38、rated the worlds best health service by the World Health Organization in 2000.The Labor governments response was not to conduct a fundamental review about how best to reform health care for the 21st century. Rather, it concluded that shortage of money, not the form of financing or provision, was the
39、 main problem. In 2002, Gordon Brown, the powerful chancellor of the exchequer, used a review of the NHSs future financing requirements to reject alternative funding models that would allow patients to sign up with competing insurers and so exercise greater control over their own health care.Alan Mi
40、lburn, the health minister, has made some tentative steps back towards the internal market introduced by the Conservative government. It means that a dozen top-ranking hospitals will also have been given greater freedom to run their own affairs. However, these reforms will not deliver real consumer
41、power to patients.As a result, the return on the money pouring into the NHS looks set to be disappointingly meager. Already there are worrying signs that much of the cash cascade will be soaked up in higher pay and shorter hours for staff and bear little relation to extra effort, productivity and qu
42、ality. Some improvements will occur but far less than might be expected from such a financial windfall.Health-care systems in the developed world share a common history, argues David Cutler at Harvard University. First governments founded generous universal systems after the second world war. With f
43、ew controls over the demand for medical care or its supply, costs then spiraled up. Starting in the 1980s there was a drive to contain expenditure, often through crude constraints on medical budgets which ran counter to rising patient expectations Now this strategy has run its course: a third wave o
44、f reforms is under way to increase efficiency and restrain demand through cost-sharing between insurers and patients. Viewed from this perspective, the governments plan to shower cash on a largely unreformed NHS looks anomalous. But before more fundamental change can be contemplated in Britain, the
45、old system must be shown to be incapable of cure through money. This harsh lesson is likely to be learnt as early as 2003.（分数：6.00）(1).In contrast to Britain, France is funding their medical careA. more extravagantly.B. more cautiously.C. more consistently.D. more reasonably.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Con
46、cerning health-care systems in Britain, the author is likely to agree to the statement thatA. the Labor government conducted a review about how to cut down on costs.B. the money pouring into the NHS did bring with it productivity and quality.C. the problem of funds put into medical care should be th
47、oroughly reexamined.D. the health-care systems in Britain will become the envy of the rest of the world.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The proposed “alternative funding models“ (Paragraph 2) might be more clearly based on A. cost-sharing between insurers and patients.B. moderate constraints on medical budgets
48、.C. delivering consumers costs to tax-payers.D. generous allocations of money to hospitals.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The views of Alan Milburn and David Culter on the reforms of health-care systems areA. compatible.B. opposite.C. complementary.D. identical.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The basic problem of health
49、-care systems in Britain as pointed out by the writer seems to lie inA. restrained freedom.B. shortage of funds.C. patients complaints.D. radical changes.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The U.S. Supreme Courts decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts said.By opting not to take the case, the high court effectively endorsed a lower courts decision that a Colorado company that posts ratings of health plans on
