1、考研英语-964 及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. But, (1) less than three years to go before the end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2) that they have made (3) progress in
2、reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4) every country now has problems with (5) drugs. And the world is producing and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6) rose by o
3、ver 80 per cent. And, (7) the number of smokers keeps on (8) ,by the second or third (9) of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each year (10) smoking related illnesses.Drugs are also a huge burden (11) the world economy. In the United States, for example, its estimated that alcohol an
4、d illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each year, mainly (12) health care. When the cost of tobacco related illnesses is added, (13) total more than doubles.Drugs are also closely (14) crime. Many police forces no longer (15) between illegal and legal drugs when fighting cr
5、ime. In Australia, for example, experts (16) that police in some parts of the country spend between 70 and 80 per cent of their time dealing with alcohol-related incidents.One explanation for the increase in drug (17) is simply that people have more money to spend. Tobacco and alcohol companies are
6、now (18) much more on developing countries to take (19) of greater wealth there. And criminals involved in the illegal drug trade are following (20) ,introducing drugs into countries where they were previously hardly use.（分数：20.00）(1).A. when B. with C. as D. if（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. permit B. admi
7、t C. promise D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. more B. less C. little D. great（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Generally B. Probably C. Virtually D. Usually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. illegible B. illiberal C. illegal D.illimitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. alone B. only C. lonely D. just（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. whil
8、e B. that C. with D. if（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. raising B. arising C. rousing D. rising（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. decade B. year C. section D. period（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. by B. about C. with D. from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. on B. in C. among D. within（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. in B. on C. about D. for（分
9、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. its B. that C. which D. then（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. related with B. related upon C. related to D. related onto（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. aware B. separate C. investigate D. distinguish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. declare B. estimate C. report D. predict（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. use
10、B. expense C. production D. spread（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. spreading B. concentrating C. earning D. putting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. care B. much C. advantage D. profit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. example B. forward C. suit D. after（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.0
11、0)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Rupert Murdoch sees beams of light in the American advertising market, it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses. Last October, when the impact of September 11th was only beginning to tell, the boss of NASCAR, a media group, had already identified “ strong
12、 rays of sunshine“. With ad sales still languishing, Mr. Murdoch declared last month that “ there are some hints of a modest upswing in tile US advertising market“. His early optimism turned out to be misplaced. Now, however, other industry observers are beginning to agree with him.Advertising usual
13、ly exaggerates the economic cycle, falling sharply and early in a downturn, and rebounding strongly once the economy has begun to recover. This is because most managers prefer to trim their ad budgets rather than their payrolls, and restore such spending only once they feel sure that things are look
14、ing up. Last year, Americas ad market shrank by 9. 8% , according to CMIR, a research firm. Although ad spending has not yet recovered across all media, some analysts now expect overall ad spending to start to grow in the third quarter.The signs of improvement are patchy, however. Ad spending on rad
15、io and television seems to be inching upadvertising on American National Radio was up 2% in January on the same period last year, according to Aegiswhile spending on magazines and newspapers is still weak. Even within any one market, there are huge differences; just pick up a copy of one of the now-
16、slimline high-teeh magazines that once bulged with ads, and compare it with the hefty celebrity or womens titles. Advertisers in some categories, such as the travel industry, are still reluctant to buy space or airtime, while others, such as the car and movie businesses, have been bolder. The winter
17、 Olympics, held last month in Salt Lake City, has also distorted the spending on broadcast advertising in the first quarter.Nonetheless, there is an underlying pattern. One measure is the booking of ad spots for national brands on local television. By early March, according to Mr. Westerfields analy
18、sis, such bookings were growing fast across eight out of the top ten advertising sectors, led by the financial and motor industries. UBS Warburg now expects the “ upfront“ market, which starts in May when advertisers book advance ad spots on the TV networks for the new season in September, to be up
19、4% on last year. On some estimates, even online advertising could pick up by the end of the year.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “it is not necessarily time to reach for the sunglasses“ (Para. 1)?A. The sunshine is not terribly strong.B. It is not good time to develop advertising.C. There
20、 is no need to worry about economy now.D. The real economic recovery has yet to take place.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mr. Murdochs early market estimation was_.A. exaggerating the situationB. being too cautiousC. underestimating the developmentD. probably describing the reality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which o
21、f the following is true according to the text?A. Advertising is a sensitive marker of economic change.B. Managers will first cut salary during economic downturn.C. CMR was wrong about last years US ad market.D. Advertising spending has started overall growing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Signs of improvemen
22、t are visible in the advertising of_.A. high-tech magazines and sports industryB. celebrity magazines and travel industryC. womens magazines and car industryD. movie industry and high-teeh magazines（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors view of the prospect of US advertising market?A. Recovery wil
23、l be slow but sure.B. There will be a big jump.C. Patchy improvement will occur.D. The situation will remain pessimistie.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than
24、to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S. . As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington prov
25、ided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Boiss career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the
26、 Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia N
27、egro: A Social Study, in which he examined that citys black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Boiss Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the
28、Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children a
29、nd youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher educatio
30、n should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change
31、 that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a tr
32、aditional college education in preparation for leadership.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “Tuskegee machine” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers toA. the established educational system.B. a kind of tool.C. the thoughts of Booker T. Washington.D. the supporters of Booker T. Washington.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2
33、).Which of the following is most likely Du Boiss belief?A. The blacks have a priority in terms of education.B. Higher education should be free for all races.C. Everyone has an equal right to education.D. Development in education should be gradual.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statement
34、s is true according to the text?A. Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B. Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C. Washington would support a determined and activist leadership.D. The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.（分
35、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Boiss stance wasA. less popular. B. more radical.C. less aggressive. D. more conservative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA. many blacks were prepared for leadership.B. Du Bois was in favor of “elite educat
36、ion” for blacks.C. Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.D. only the top 10 percent were worth educating.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways
37、, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no
38、countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences o
39、f joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are from multiple earner, relatively afflunent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elder
40、ly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market- related hardship. The une
41、mployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during
42、 the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there i
43、s another working part-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansio
44、n of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of
45、 joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate-that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market
46、 problems.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following does the “Labor market problems“ refer to?A. Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B. Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C. Trade relationships among producers of goods.D. The overall causes of poverty.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The author con
47、trasts the 1930s with the present in order to show thatA. more people were unemployed in the 1930s.B. social programs are more needed now.C. unemployment now has less severe effects.D. there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).Whi
48、ch of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?A. Innovative programmes using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B. A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic con
49、trol and those who hold the opposite view.C. New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D. Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors purpose in citing “repeated 12-month unemployed ment“ is most probably to show thatA. there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force.B. unemployment statistics can
