1、考研英语-949 及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Many parents who welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember (1) of all sorts
2、 of things to do when they were kids, but their own kids seem different, less resourceful, (2) When theres nothing to do, these parents observe (3) , their kids seem unable to (4) any thing to do besides turning on the TV.One father, (5) , says “When I was a kid, we were always thinking up things to
3、 do, projects and (6) . We certainly never complained in an (7) way to our parents, I have nothing to do!“ He compares this with his own children today: “If someone doesnt entertain them, theyll happily sit there in front of the (8) all day.“ There is one word for this fathers (9) : unfair. It is as
4、 if he were disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores his childrens (10) of inventiveness, as if the ability to play were something (11) that his children are missing. In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the a
5、ctual ability to playto imagine, to invent, to elaborate on (12) in a playful wayand the ability to gain (13) from it, these are skills that have to be learn ed and developed.Such disappointment, (14) , is not only (15) , it is also destructive. Sensing their parents disappointment, children come to
6、 believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of (16) and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new (17) , to enlarge their horizons and (18) he pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a(19)
7、feeling about themselves as (20) and interesting people.（分数：20.00）(1).A. disposing B. conceiving C. reminding D. deceiving（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. anyway B. instead C. somehow D. likewise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. zealously B. identically C. regretfully D. militantly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. come up with
8、B. shed light on C. stay away from D. give play to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. for example B. in effect C. in a sense D. as a result（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. riots B. rituals C. schemes D. games（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. demanding B. innate C. amusing D. annoying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. spouse B. tube C. peers
9、 D. toys（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. admission B. tolerance C. caution D. distress（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. lack B. curiosity C. plea D. liability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. absent B. innate C. original D. verbal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. reality B. virtual C. media D. trend（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. reward B. p
10、rogress C. fulfillment D. intelligence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. illogical B. undesirable C. improper D. unjust（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. admiration B. ignorance C. speculation D. disregard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. occasions B. domains C. pe
11、rspectivesD. resources（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. entitle B. detach C. secure D. discover（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. excessive B. arrogant C. confident D. surplus（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. conscientious B. competent C. sociable D. sensitive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分
12、数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Federal Communications Commission is not alone in worrying about television stations that air corporate advertisements masquerading as news stories. In fact, the FCC requires that broadcast stations disclose the corporate backers of “video news releases“ or face a
13、maximum fine of $32,500 for each violation. Enough violations and a station could lose its license. The FCC sets out a clear policy: All outside news reporting must be identified, disclosing the source of any video news release aired on a news program.There are occasional declines. A nonprofit consu
14、mer watchdog group reported to the FCC that 77 stations broadcast video features about products from 49 companies without pointing out that they were produced by public relations firms representing these corporations. Public relations firms have one goal: to make their video news releases look as if
15、 they are legitimate news reports, not propaganda.However, PR-produced video news releases merely are the tip of the iceberg. Ever since newspapers began, special-interest groups have tried to influence the quality and quantity of the news printed. Often, in exchange for advertising revenue, newspap
16、ers would print glowing stories of their sponsors and suppress any news that might hurt their heavy advertisers. Those without the ability to inform the press, either through news releases or contacts usually are ignored unless they commit a crime or act in attention-getting ways.For most of the 20t
17、h century, women and people of color found it almost impossible to break the special-interest news barriers. Their stories were ignored unless there was a sensational or unique element. Usually, though, items concerning these minorities required an enormous wrongdoing, such as the murder of someone
18、in the white community or some attack on the status quo that threatened the peace and quiet, as well as the productivity, of a neighborhood.There have been splendid exceptions, but not many. One reason the Hispanic news media has been so successful is that it caters to its audience in the same manne
19、r all media does. While its bias may seem different, it actually is the same bias all media has: an overwhelming concern to keep its supporters happy. So, while the hue and cry over PR-created video news releases are well and good, they really do not attack the problem of biased news, and appeals to
20、 a specific group that shares the same prejudices and concerns about the present and future.All of this is one key reason Americans so often are surprised when the news outlets are forced to report stories that do not please advertisers or consumers. Better to continue, when possible, a steady suppl
21、y of news about the latest celebrity baby or yet another piece about sex offenders or restaurant health violations.（分数：10.00）(1).Television stations in the U.S. are NOT allowed to broadcast programs of _A. advertisement videos that can be easily recognized by audience as promotions.B. reports on cri
22、mes committed by colored people.C. news releases to help with the product distribution of its sponsor.D. stories on successes of minorities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By describing the public relations companies that produce news videos, the author intends to _A. make them seem like stories that are relia
23、ble and convincible.B. disguise their propaganda in the appearance of news report.C. reflect the phenomena of news for special interest groups.D. introduce a new policy of the Federal Communications Commission.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It is most possible for a supporter of a newspaper to be reported for
24、 _A. his offending of unimportant rules and regulations.B. the health violation of a restaurant held by his group.C. a sexual scandal which he involves in.D. the launch of a new invention in his company.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, the Hispanic news media are successful because _A. th
25、ey meet the interests of Spanish America.B. they report the current wrongdoings of minorities.C. they help keep the productivity of the society of white people.D. they focus on the same news as other news media do.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the text we can conclude that news media that release biased
26、 news reports would probably _A. be punished by a large sum of fine.B. lose the right to operate for a period.C. be forced to report news that do not please advertisers and consumers.D. have no punishment at all.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“WHATS the difference between God and Larry Ell
27、ison?“ asks an old software industry joke. Answer: God doesnt think hes Larry Ellison. The boss of Oracle is hardly alone among corporate chiefs in having a reputation for being rather keen on himself. Indeed, until the bubble burst and the public turned nasty at the start of the decade, the cult of
28、 the celebrity chief executive seemed to demand bossly narcissism, as evidence that a firm was being led by an all-conquering hero.Narcissus met a nasty end, of course. And in recent years, boss-worship has come to be seen as bad for business. In his management bestseller, “Good to Great“, Jim Colli
29、ns argued that the truly successful bosses were not the serf-proclaimed stars who adorn the covers of Forbes and Fortune, but instead self-effacing, thoughtful, monkish sorts who lead by inspiring example.A statistical answer may be at hand. For the first time, a new study, “Its All About Me“, to be
30、 presented next week at the annual gathering of the American Academy of Management, offers a systematic, empirical analysis of what effect narcissistic bosses have on the firms they run. The authors, Arijit Chatterjee and Donald Hambrick, of Pennsylvania State University, examined narcissism in the
31、upper levels of 105 firms in the computer and software industries.To do this, they bad to solve a practical problem: studies of narcissism have hitherto relied on surveying individuals personally, something for which few chief executives are likely to have time or inclination. So the authors devised
32、 an index of narcissism using six publicly available indicators obtainable without the co-operation of the boss. These are: the prominence of the bosss photo in the annual report; his prominence in company press releases; the length of his “Whos Who“ entry; the frequency of his use of the first pers
33、on singular in interviews; and the ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firms second-highest paid executive.Narcissism naturally drives people to seek positions of power and influence, and because great self-esteem helps your professional advance, say the authors, chief execu
34、tives will tend on average to be more narcissistic than the general population. How does that affect a firm? Messrs Chatterjee and Hambrick found that highly narcissistic bosses tended to make bigger changes in the use of important resources, such as research and development, or in spending and leve
35、rage; they carried out more and bigger mergers and acquisitions; and their results were both more extreme (more big wins or big losses) and more transient than those of firms run by their humbler peers. For shareholders, that could be good or bad.Although (oddly) the authors are keeping their narcis
36、sism ranking secret, they have revealed that Mr Ellison did not come top. Alas for him, that may be because the study limited itseff to people who became the boss after 1991-well after he took the helm. In every respect Mr Ellison seems to be the classic narcissistic boss, claims Mr Chatterjee. Ther
37、e is life in the old joke yet.（分数：10.00）(1).The old software industry joke is used in the text toA. show the difference between God and Larry Ellison.B. emphasize the success of the boss of Oracle.C. illustrate how chief executives manage their companies.D. introduce the topic of narcissism on top m
38、anagerial level.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Jim Collins seems to believe that truly successful managersA. should encourage the staff by setting up examples.B. should not be regarded as stars by their employees.C. should ban boss-worship in the companies they lead.D. should be as humble as possible in their
39、 company.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A practical problem with the “Its all about me“ study is thatA. the survey takes too much time to be completed.B. the subjects for the survey may not be very cooperative.C. the bosses who are narcissistic are likely to tell lies to the surveyors.D. the six available ind
40、icators require the co-operation of the bosses.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the researchers, compared with humbler managers, narcissistic bosses are more likely toA. have faster professional advances.B. draw attention from the general population.C. dramatize the changes in their companies.D. us
41、e resources of the company in extreme ways.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the passage thatA. the results of the new study has already been publicized.B. the researchers think Mr. Ellison is more classic than narcissistic.C. the joke about Mr. Ellison is actually adapted from real life.D. the
42、 ranking might be different if the survey focused on an earlier period.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Soon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform the world body in six weeks. “But what are
43、 you complaining about?“ asked the Russian ambassador: “Youve had more time than God.“ Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, “but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and all the committees.“Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr.
44、 Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th- 16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March.
45、“With 191 member states“, he sighed, “its not easy to get an agreement.“Most countries put the blame on the United States, in the form of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most
46、 others had thought was almost settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the worlds leaders to come to
47、 New York for, was averted only by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks.The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission
48、on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new “responsibility to protect“ peoples from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an “early“ reform of the Security Council. Although much
49、 pared down, all these proposals have at least survived.Others have not. Either they provod so contentious that they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it “in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherev
