1、考研英语-947 及答案解析(总分：96.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)American suffers from an overdose of work. (1) who they are or what they do, they spend (2) time at work than at any time since World War. In 1950, the US had fewer working hours than any other (3) country. Today, it (4) every co
2、untry but Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared (5) 1,951 in the US and 1,603 (6) West employees. Between 1969 and 1989, employed American (7) an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The work-week (8) at about 40 hours, but people are working more weeks ea
3、ch year. (9) , paid time off holidays, vacations, sick leave (10) 15 percent in the 1990s.As Corporations have (11) stiffer competition and slower growth in productivity, they would (12) employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s (13) the professional and managerial ranks, leaving f
4、ewer people to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations, (14) wages have been reduced, workers have added hours (15) overtime or extra jobs to (16) their living standard. The Government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job.For the first time, large (17) of people say th
5、ey want to cut (18) on working hours, even if it means earning less money. But most employers are (19) to let them do so. The government which has stepped back from its traditional (20) as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.（分数：10.00）(1).A. As regards to B. Re
6、gardless of C. With regard to D. In regard to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. much less B. abundant C. a lot more D. surplus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. advanced B. industrialized C. developed D. mechanized（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. exceeds B. outnumbers C. overtakes D. outstrips（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. with B. to C.
7、 in D. on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. in the former B. of the past C. in the early D. in the earlier（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. added B. increased C. brought D. totaled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. arrived B. stopped C. set D. remained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. However B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. And（分数：0.50）A.B.C
8、.D.(10).A. lessened to B. shrank by C. deduced D. restrained in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. suffered B. experienced C. undertaken D. endured（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. squash B. squeeze C. urge D. oblige（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. minimized B. reduced C. lessened D. relieved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. because B.
9、 though C. as D. where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. by B. for C. to D. in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. preserve B. conserve C. improve D. protect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. numbers B. amounts C. figures D. quantities（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. off B. out C. back D. down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. discouraged B. unwill
10、ing C. forbidden D. inclined（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. position B. function C. task D. role（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)More and more people are starting to work from home, re-assessing their “work-life balance“ and capitalising on
11、what industry calls “remote working“. A recent survey of British companies showed that eight out of ten businesses have now agreed new working arrangements for their personnel. The object of the exercise was to improve the work-life Balance of employees and encourage greater levels of efficiency. Du
12、ring 2003/2004, some 900,000 requests to work flexibly were made under a new Government scheme and 800,000 of the applications were granted. Furthermore, seven out of ten businesses said that they also would be prepared to consider flexible working requests from other staff who did not qualify under
13、 the Government scheme.One of the new technological developments that makes remote working possible is the Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), broadband that can carry both voice and data at high-speed. Remote workers can connect to their companys Virtual Private Network either through Digi
14、tal Subscriber Line (DSL) internet, which is permanently connected, or through a Remote Access Service (RAS), which involves having to dial in each time. “People started thinking about remote working back in the Eighties but the technology was not available to consider it a possibility,“ says Meyric
15、k Vevers, Commercial Director of Telewest Broadband, one of UKs communication and media groups. “However, now with the increased availability and use of DSL to home users, remote working is definitely on the increase.“ Of course, security is very important and IT directors are understandably cautiou
16、s. But they are now beginning to feel more comfortable about allowing their staff a higher level of access from home.Telewest Businesss experience in putting together product solutions is based on the companys focus on understanding their customers needs. Because customers needs are diverse and Tele
17、west Businesss possible solutions are wide-ranging, the company invites businesses seeking further information to visit their web site or call direct. Call centre workers, mobile staff, such as sales executives and local authority social workers or parents at home, are among those for whom remote wo
18、rking appears to be increasingly attractive.“People in industry in the UK have some of the longest working hours in the world,“ says Vevers. “Doing those hours solely in the office is more disruptive to the personal life of the individual than having the flexibility to work from home.“ “Remote worki
19、ng is all about personal choice and giving people more flexibility that suits their personal lives. At Telewest Business, we aim to try and help play a part in enabling companies to give their employees that flexibility./（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “capitalising on“ (Line 2, Para.1) can be substituted
20、byA. investing money in.B. specializing in.C. insisting upon.D. making use of.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, remote workingA. rids people of the work which is required of them in the office.B. requires the users to dial into the companys Virtual Private Network.C. might be available
21、for those not included in the government scheme.D. was brought to peoples minds by advancement of broadwidth tech.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).IT directors feel comfortable becauseA. safeguards are no longer really necessary.B. the remote workforce is expanding rapidly.C. they are more confident of their ne
22、tworks safety.D. their staff get easier access to the internet.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example of Telewest is mentioned to show thatA. the Business eliminates the unbalance of peoples life.B. its hard to please peoples various desires.C. the Business is sophisticated in luring customers.D. the dive
23、rse demands for remote working are being met.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage might beA. Remote Working Is In.B. Telecommunication Tech Is Ever Improving.C. Work-Life Balance Needs to Be Kept.D. Technology Makes Remote Working a Reality.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Nat
24、uralism is the view that the “natural“ universe, the universe of matter and energy, is all that there really is. By ruling out a spiritual part of the human person which might survive death and a God who might resurrect the body, naturalism also rules out survival after death. In addition, naturalis
25、m denies human freedom on the grounds that every event must be explainable by deterministic natural laws. It denies any absolute values because it can find no grounds for such values in a world made up only of matter and energy. And finally, naturalism denies that the universe has any meaning or pur
26、pose because there is no God to give it a meaning or purpose, and nothing else which can give it a meaning or purpose.Anyone who accepts the first three denials, of God, spiritual beings, and immortality, might be called a naturalist in the broad sense, and anyone who adds to these the denial of fre
27、edom, values, and purpose might be labeled a naturalist in the strict sense, or a strict naturalist. Some opponents of naturalism would argue that naturalists in the broad sense are at least somewhat inconsistent and that naturalism in the broad sense leads logically to strict naturalism. Many stric
28、t naturalists would agree with this.Those who reject naturalism in both the strict and broad sense do so for a variety of masons. They may have positive arguments for the existence of .some of what naturalists deny, or they may have what seem to be decisive refutations of some or all of the argument
29、s for naturalism. But, in addition to particular arguments against naturalist tenets or their grounds of belief, some opponents of naturalism believe that there is a general argument which holds against any form of naturalism. These opponents hold that naturalism has a “fatal flaw“ or, to put it mor
30、e strongly, that naturalism is self-destroying. If naturalism is true, then human reason must be the result of natural forces.These natural forces are not, on the naturalistic view, rational themselves, nor can they be the result of a rational cause. So human reason would be the result of nonrationa
31、l causes. This, it can be argued, gives us a strong reason to distrust human reach, especially in its less practical and more theoretical exercises. But the theory of naturalism is itself such an exercise of theoretical reason. If naturalism is true, we would have strong reasons to distrust theoreti
32、cal reasoning. If we distrust theoretical reasoning, we distrust particular applications of it, such as the theory of naturalism. Thus, if naturalism is true, we have strong reasons to distrust naturalism.（分数：10.00）(1).Naturalism believes thatA. human can do things with their free will.B. determinis
33、tic natural laws can explain everything.C. absolute values should be based on a more reasonable ground.D. universe is dependent on subjective experience.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Many strict naturalists attitudes towards the categorizing of naturalists might beA. disapproving, B. puzzled.C. content. D. a
34、ppreciative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following concerning those who reject naturalism are true?A. they accept some of the naturalists denials.B. their retort on naturalism is too sharp to be convincing.C. all their arguments against naturalism are not universal.D. there exist mortal defects
35、 in their own arguments.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the last paragraph, the author tries to justify his conclusion byA. reducing to absurdity.B. making an comparison.C. giving an example.D. explaining a phenomenon.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The general argument against naturalism focuses on itsA. inherent imp
36、racticability.B. wrong assumption.C. inner contradiction.D. illogical reasoning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category: when I m grown up. When I m grown up, you say, I ll go up in space. I m going to be an author. I ll kill them all an
37、d then they ll be sorry. I ll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I ll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away.None of it ever happens, of course-or darn little, but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed on
38、e of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it s all downhill; I read with horror of an American hip pie wedding where someone said to the groom( aged twenty) “you seem so kind a grown up somehow“, and the lad had to go round seeking assurance that he wasn
39、t. No, really he wasnt. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.When my children are grown up, I ll learn to fly an airplane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop“, there will be no little o
40、nes to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst, I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that look for your glasses in order to see where you ve left your teeth. When my children are grown up, I ll have fragile lovely things on low tables; I ll have a wh
41、ite carpet; I ll go to the pictures in the afternoons. When the children are grown up, I ll actually be able to do a day s work in a flay, instead of spreading over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I m grown up-I mean when they re grown up-I ll be
42、free.Of course, I know it s got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve - year - old, I m told, don t go to bed at seven, so you don t even get your evening. Once they re past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to sett
43、le down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you ve ever thought or done or won. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial than girls, since they can t get pregnant and they don t borrow your clothes-if they do borrow your clothes, of course, you ye got even more to worry about.The young do
44、n t respect their parents any more. Goodness, how sad. Still, like eating snails, it might be all right once you ve got over the idea; it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one s days, toothless by the f
45、ire, brooding on the past.（分数：6.00）(1).What interests the writer about young children is that they _.A. have so many unselfish ambitions B. don t want to be a spacemanC. all long for adult comforts D. have such long term ambitions（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The writer holds the opinion that fantasies _.A.
46、satisfy ambitions B. lessen ambitions C. stimulate ambitions D. frustrate ambitions（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).Young people often feels that the age of eighteen is the _.A. best time of life B. right age to get married C. hardest part of life D. gateway to happiness（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The writer seems to
47、think that as an adult one must _.A. achieve one s ambitions at all costs B. continue to be ambitiousC. find a compromise between ambition and reality D. give up all one s earlier ambitions（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).What do the writer think about his or her children?A. Their behavior is improving. B. They
48、 don t spend enough time at home.C. They are approaching a difficult age. D. They are choosing strange friends.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Machines and foreign competition will replace millions of American jobs. But work will be plentiful for people trained in the occupations of the fut
49、ure. The Labor Department predicts a net increase of 25 million new jobs in the United States in 1995 with service-industry jobs growing three times as rapidly as factory jobs. “Work will shift its emphasis from the fatigue and monotony of the production line and the typing pool to the more interesting challenge of the electronic service center, the design studio, the research laboratory, the education institute and the training school,“ predicts Canadian economist Calvert.Jobs in high-tech fields will multipl
