1、考研英语-940 及答案解析(总分：106.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)On his fifty-fifth birthday the president decided to (1) some prisoners of the (2) age as a gesture of good will Not too many, but one, say, from each of the twenty of thirty (3) prisons in the small state. They would have to be
2、 carefully selected (4) not to give trouble once they were out. Men perhaps had been so (5) in prison that they had ceased to have and real contact with the outside world. None of them was to be told a (6) of his (7) liberty. Marlo was therefore (8) when he was called to the Governors office one mor
3、ning and told he was to be set (9) next day. He had spent almost three quarters of. his life in (10) working out a life sentence (11) stabbing a policeman to death. He was a dull-witted man with no relations (12) and no friends except his prison mates.The following morning was clear and bright. Marl
4、o (13) no opportunity to say goodbye to (14) but a guard (15) him to the prison gates and wished him g6dspeed. Alone, he set off up the long white road leading to the town. The traffic, the incessant noise, the absence (16) the secure prison walls terrified him. Presently he sat down by the side of
5、the road to think (17) . After he had thought for a long time, for his brain worked slowly, he (18) a decision. He remained he was, waiting patiently until at last he saw a police car (19) When it was near enough, he darted out into the road, obliging it to stop with a squeal of brakes. He had with
6、him a little knife. When the young police officer got out of the car demanding (20) what was wrong, Marlo stabbed him very neatly just behind the right ear.（分数：20.00）(1).A. reload B. release C. relax D. relate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. as B. like C. same D. similar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. overgrown B. o
7、verride C. overflow D. overcrowded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. so as B. so that C. in order that D. for the purpose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. large B. long C. wide D. big（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. in the rear B. in front C. in advance D. on the head（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. implanting B. impelling C. improving D
8、. impending（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. astonished B. feared C. beaten D. tortured（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. flee B. free C. fresh D. fresco（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. goal B. goat C. gaol D. gale（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. of B. because C. for D. at（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. stayed B. staying C. lived D. living（分数
9、：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. was given B. was provided C. was ordered D. was offered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. somebody B. anyone C. someone D. the officers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. guarded B. protected C. escorted D. watched（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. with B. for C. away D. of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. a little B
10、. a few C. some D. anyway（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. arrived B. came to C. reasoned D. reduced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. approximating B. appreciating C. approaching D. apprehending（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. to find B. know C. see D. to know（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0
11、，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the leas
12、t. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious
13、 musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no
14、idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boo
15、t up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera ho
16、uses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “co
17、nsumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on
18、 record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the o
19、rchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspi
20、cion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded perf
21、ormances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey hel
22、p improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are go
23、ne for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments are visible as depressed or elevated areas, ridges or grooves, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of
24、the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged.Restoration of the external appearance of an exti
25、nct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals i
26、s what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.Animals in which the skeleton is
27、internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really chara
28、cteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse fami
29、ly are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike.
30、 No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hi
31、de and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, the soft part of fossilized animalsA. can always be accurately identified.B. have usually left some traces.C. can usually be reconstructed.D. have always v
32、anished without any trace.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed becauseA. they were preserved with the present relatives of the animal.B. they were lodged inside the animals skull.C. they were hardened parts of the animals body.D. they were attached t
33、o the animals skeleton.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A fossilized animals external appearance is still reconstructed toA. satisfy popular curiosity. B. answer scientific questions.C. establish its activities. D. determine its eating habits.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “equivocal” (Line 6, Para. 3) is closes
34、t in meaning toA. equally important. B. definable.C. equally doubtful. D. deliberate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?A. A fossilized animals appearance is usually restored accurately.B. It is difficult to restore some fossilized animals because t
35、hey had no external parts.C. The prehistoric elephants are hairless.D. An extinct animal does not definitely looked like its living relatives.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：2，分数：11.00)Attacks on Jose Manuel Barroso, the president of the European Commission, have intensified before the European electi
36、on held between June 4th and 7th, and ahead of a European Union summit when national leaders will discuss his reappointment to a second five- year term. On the left, the Party of European Socialists (PES) calls Mr. Barroso a conservative who “puts markets before people“. Should the PES emerge as the
37、 largest group in the European Parliament, it will try to block him. But prominent federalists are also unimpressed. Guy Verhofstadt, a former Belgian prime minister, speaks for many in Brussels when he denounces Mr. Barroso for a lack of ambition for Europe. Mr. Verhofstadt invokes the memory of Ja
38、cques Delors, the pugnacious Frenchman who ran the commission from 1985 to 1995Mr. Delors proposed many ambitious plans, he says, and got 30% of them: that 30% then became the European internal market. Mr. Verhofstadt thinks that last autumn Mr. Barroso should have proposed such things as a single E
39、U financial regulator, a single European bad bank, or a multi-trillion issue of “Eurobonds“. That would have triggered a “ big fight“ with national governments, he concedes. But “maybe the outcome would have been 10%, 20% or 30% of his plan. “ The French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, has endorsed a se
40、cond tenn for Mr. Barroso, a former centre-right prime minister of Portugal. Yet he seems keen to make him sweat. French officials have briefed that the decision on Mr. Barrosos future taken at the June 18th-19th summit should be only political, leaving a legally binding nomination for later. Yet th
41、e attacks on Mr. Barroso are unlikely to block him. No opinion poll shows the PES overtaking the centre-right European Peoples Party in the European Parliament. The centre- right leaders who hold power in most of Europe have endorsed Mr. Barroso, as have the (nominally) centre-left leaders of Britai
42、n, Spain and Portugal. This helps to explain why the PES, for all its bluster, has not fielded a candidate against Mr. Barroso. It is equally wrong to pretend that Europe was ready for a federalist big bang last autumn. Officials say Mr. Barroso spent the first weeks of the economic crisis bridging
43、differences between Britain and France on such issues as accounting standards and the regulation of rating agencies. Later, he kept the peace between Mr. Sarkozy and the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, after the French president pushed for summits of EU leaders from euro-area countries (Ms Merkel
44、thought that sounded like a two-speed Europe). In any case France has no veto over Mr. Barrosos reappointment: the decision is now taken by majority vote. Some diplomats suggest that Frances stalling tactics are meant to extract such concessions as a plum portfolio for its commissioner. Those callin
45、g for “European“ action often talk as if they are describing an elegant mechanism, needed to make the union work properly. They argue that only a single financial regulator can police Europes single market, or complain that 27 national bail-out plans lack “coherence“. In fact, these apparently struc
46、tural calls for “more Europe“ are pitches for specific ideological programmes. Thus, in a joint statement on May 30th Mr. Sarkozy and Ms Merkel announced that “Liberalism without rules has failed. “ They called for a European economic model in which capital serves “entrepreneurs and workers“ rather
47、than “speculators“, and hedge funds and bankers pay are tightly regulated. They added that competition policies should be used to favour the “emergence of world-class European companies“, and gave warning against a “bureaucratic Europe“ that blindly applies “pernickety rules“. If all this sounds lik
48、e Europe as a giant Rhineland economy, that is no accident. Mr. Verhofstadt, a continental liberal, means something different by “Europe“ He agrees that the crisis “represents the crash of the Anglo-American model“. But he is not keen on heavy regulation. When he calls for economic policies to refle
49、ct Europes “ way of thinking“, he means things like raising savings. Above all, he considers the nation-state to be incapable of managing todays “globalised“ economy, so Europe must take over. This is fighting talk. Britain, notably, does not accept that everything about the Anglo-Saxon model has failed, nor is it about to cede more power to Brussels. And it has allies, notably in eastern Europe. （分数：10.00）(1).What does PES mean by attacking Mr. Barroso “puts markets before people“ (Para 1, Line 5) ? A. Barroso adopts policies that are in f
