1、考研英语-938 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone answering machines to take messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give (1) instructions, or play messages tha
2、t are difficult to understand. If you (2) telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond if you get a (3) . The most common machine is the (4) used in residence. If you call a home (5) there is a telephone answering machine in operation you (6) hear several rings and then a recorded message (7) us
3、ually says something (8) this: “Hello. We cant come to the (9) right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after the beep.“ Then you will hear a “beep,“ (10) is a brief, high-pitched (11) . Alter the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what
4、 number the person should call to (12) you, or you can leave a (13) . Some telephone answering machines (14) for only 20 or 30 seconds after the beep, so you must respond quickly. Some large businesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on (15) abou
5、t which they receive a large volume of (16) . Using these systems (17) you to have a touch-tone phone (a phone with buttons rather than a rotary dial). The voice on the machine will tell your to push a certain button on your telephone if you want in-formation on Topic A, another button for Topic B,
6、and so on. You listen (18) you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the (19) button. After making your (20) , you will hear a recorded message on the topic.（分数：10.00）(1).A. obscure B. wrong C. confusing D. clear（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. take B. make C. do D. get（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3
7、).A. machine B. message C. instruction D. recording（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. type B. kind C. sort D. character（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. which B. where C. why D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. probably B. certainly C. will D. may（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. who B. what C. it D. that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. like B
8、. in C. for D. about（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. place B. phone C. home D. room（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. that B. who C. one D. which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. turtle B. noise C. voice D. tone（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. catch B. tell C. reach D. meet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. note B. record C. message D. speech（分
9、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. record B. speak C. receive D. work（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. topics B. things C. arguments D. concerns（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. questions B. inquiries C. problems D. complaints（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. commands B. requires C. asks D. requests（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. when B. after
10、C. until D. before（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. correct B. told C. best D. appropriate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. selection B. solution C. experiment D. decision（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you were to examine the birth certificates of
11、 every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and pro
12、fessional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer st
13、amina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.“ Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and
14、 studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after abo
15、ut 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,“ Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.“This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude t
16、hat the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes“ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode
17、 information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task, Rather: it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his co
18、lleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather st
19、artling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming- are nearly always made, not born.（分数：10.00）(1).The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _.A. stress
20、 the importance of professional trainingB. spotlight the soccer superstars in the World CupC. introduce the topic of what makes expert performanceD. explain why some soccer teams play better than others（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The underlined word “mania“ (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means _.A. fu
21、n B. craze C. hysteria D. excitement（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Ericsson, good memory _.A. depends on meaningful processing of informationB. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercisesC. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factorsD. requires immediate feedback and a h
22、igh degree of concentration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _.A. talent is a dominating factor for professional successB. biographical data provide the key to excellent performanceC. the role of talent tends to be overlookedD. high achievers owe their success mostly to n
23、urture（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?A. “Faith will move mountains.“ B. “One reaps what one sows.“C. “Practice makes perfect.“ D. “Like father, like son./（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the past, American colleges a
24、nd universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wished it. To create and to impart, these were the distinctive features of American higher education prior to the most recent, di
25、sorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems. In a subtle way Americans believed higher education to be useful, but n
26、ot necessarily of immediate use.Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learning-public or private-commonly face the challenge of defining their programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community.This ser
27、vice role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more generally to produce “productive“ as compared to “ educated“ gr
28、aduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community.One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to appreciate the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-relate
29、d university. The traditional two-year college has shed its pejorative “junior“ college label and is generally called a “community“ college, a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “union card“ i
30、n the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professors classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that performs a triple function-communicating knowledge to students,
31、 expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with society-has been the most important change in higher education in recent years.This novel development, however, is often overlooked. Educators have always been familiar with those parts of the two-year colle
32、ge curriculum that have a “service“ or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the impact of the attempt of colleges and universities to relate to, if not resolve, the problems of society. Whats worse, they obs
33、cure a fundamental question posed by the service-university-what is higher education supposed to do?（分数：10.00）(1).The opening paragraph is written in Order to stateA. the future usefulness of the knowledge obtained in college.B. the missions of different educational institutions in America.C. the pu
34、rpose of American postsecondary education in the past.D. the history of the development of American higher education.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).One of the recent, important changes in higher education relates toA. curriculum updates.B. service-education concepts.C. imparting knowledge to students.D. combi
35、ning education with production.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The service role of colleges specifically aims toA. improve services.B. serve the community.C. provide skills for future use.D. make graduates employable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the text that there exists a tendency toA. play d
36、own the service-university.B. highlight service-education functions.C. alter the mission of primary education.D. exaggerate the change in higher education.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude toward the service-education concept isA. radical.B. impartial.C. optimistic.D. supportive.（分数：2.00）A.B
37、.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For Tony Blair, home is a messy sort of place, where the prime ministers job is not to uphold eternal values but to force through some unpopular changes that may make the country work a bit better. The area where this is most obvious, and where it matters most, is the pu
38、blic services. Mr Blair faces a difficulty here which is partly of his own making. By focusing his last election campaign on the need to improve hospitals, schools, transport and policing, he built up expectations. Mr Blair has said many times that reforms in the way the public services work need to
39、 go alongside increases in cash.Mr Blair has made his task harder by committing a classic negotiating error. Instead of extracting concessions from the other side before promising his own, he has pledged himself to higher spending on public services without getting a commitment to change from the un
40、ions. Why, given that this pledge has been made, should the health unions give ground in return? In a speech on March 20th, Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, said that “the something-for-nothing days are over in our public services and there can be no blank cheques.“ But the government
41、already seems to have given health workers a blank cheque.Nor are other ministries conveying quite the same message as the treasury. On March 19th, John Hutton, a health minister, announced that cleaners and catering staff in new privately-funded hospitals working for the National Health service wil
42、l still be government employees, entitled to the same pay and conditions as other health-service workers. Since one of the main ways in which the government hopes to reform the public sector is by using private providers, and since one of the main ways in which private providers are likely to be abl
43、e to save money is by cutting labor costs, this move seems to undermine the governments strategy.Now the government faces its hardest fight. The police need reforming more than any other public service. Half of them, for instance, retire early, at a cost of 1 billion (1.4% billion) a year to the tax
44、payer. The police have voted 10-1 against proposals from the home secretary, David Blunkett, to reform their working practices.This is a fight the government has to win. If the police get away with it, other public-service workers will reckon they can too. And, if they all get away it, Mr Blairs dom
45、estic policy-which is what voters are most likely to judge him on a the next election-will be a failure.（分数：10.00）(1).In Britain, Tony Blairs chief task is toA. deal with disorders.B. see to public services.C. attend to reforms.D. live up to expectations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the author mea
46、n by “a classic negotiating error“ (Paragraph 2)?A. “keeping to endless bargains.“B. “avoiding financial challenges.“C. “making solemn promises.“D. “offering unnecessary pledges./（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The views of Gordon Brown and John Hutton on public services reforms areA. similar.B. dubious.C. opp
47、osite.D. identical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from that text that Tony BlairA. might have been caught in his own trap.B. is more likely to win the next election.C. gets away with his negotiating strategies.D. is bound to encounter financial troubles.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The conclusion c
48、an be drawn from the text that Britains public services may beA. on the verge of collapse.B. at a crucial stage.C. in pursuit of popularity.D. beyond repairs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For health insurance, the United States has taken the road less traveled. The United States is the on
49、ly rich country without universal health insurance. People in the United States spend the most, rely heavily on the private sector, and obtain care from the worlds most complicated delivery system. While some supporters have expressed satisfaction, if not pride, in these remarkable qualities, others contend that the United States faces unique limitations in reforming health care. In her exceptional book, Parting at the Crossroads, Antonia Maioni compares the formation of the U.S. and Canadian health-care systems for the years 1930-60. The United S
