1、考研英语-915 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographers fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art (1) distinctive from merely a practi
2、cal art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with the (2) to establish it as a fine art. (3) the charge that photographers was a soulless mechanical duplication of (4) , photographers (5) that it was instead a privileged (6) of seeing, a revolt against commonp
3、lace vision, and (7) worthy an art than painting.Ironically, (8) photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or (9) to label it as such. Serious photographers are no longer willing to (10) whether photography is not involved with art, (11) to proclaim th
4、at their own work is not involved with it. This shows the extent (12) which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the (13) of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.Photographers disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us m
5、ore about the troubled status of the contemporary (14) of art (15) about whether photography is or is not art. Photography, (16) Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography, (17) , has developed all the (18) and sel
6、f-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the (19) of photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activity- (20) , an art.
7、（分数：10.00）A.forB.apartC.asD.besideA.intendB.wishC.pleaD.struggleA.AgainstB.AboveC.WithD.UponA.ideaB.realityC.illusionD.truthA.consentedB.assertedC.complainedD.assumedA.meansB.styleC.mediumD.wayA.no lessB.much moreC.no moreD.any moreA.if onlyB.even thoughC.now thatD.only ifA.illogicalB.improbableC.im
8、properD.irrelevantA.rallyB.debateC.estimateD.revisionA.butB.exceptC.onlyD.besidesA.withB.atC.toD.fromA.preachB.defeatC.returnD.triumphA.fashionB.swingC.motionD.imageA.thanB.thatC.whichD.asA.likeB.such asC.excludingD.aside fromA.henceB.howeverC.thereforeD.somewhatA.agoniesB.grievancesC.passionsD.anxi
9、etiesA.popularityB.assignmentC.promotionD.transferA.in shortB.for exampleC.in effectD.in a sense二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew wher
10、e you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and his company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents happiness? Parents suffer continually from fear and guilt while thei
11、r children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good “old-fashioned“ spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds you might inflict? The poor child may ne
12、ver recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadnt even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing
13、 more harm than good.Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasnt taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on child-care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolic
14、ited advice flying about, mum and dad just dont know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents lives are regulated according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete c
15、ontrol. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey?Children are hardy
16、 creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to parental
17、laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed.The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mou
18、ths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps theres some truth in the idea
19、 that children who have had a surfeit of happiness in .their childhood appear like stodgy puddings and fail .to make a success of life.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first sentence?（分数：2.00）A.There is no defense for Victorian attitude.B.Freud advice leaves children running wild.C.Parents canno
20、t be too strict with their children.D.Child-care books prove outdated and harmful.(2).The author asserts that in the face of excessive amounts of child-care literature, parents are（分数：2.00）A.at a loss.B.on the alert.C.under fire.D.in the dark.(3).What does the author wants to illustrate with Johnny
21、roaming the streets?（分数：2.00）A.An instance of arbitrariness.B.A consequence of permissiveness.C.A prototype of classics.D.An example of irresponsibility.(4).From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that children who enjoy all-important happiness will（分数：2.00）A.stay away from the harmful i
22、nfluence of extreme permissiveness.B.fall victim to deep psychological wounds they experience at childhood.C.give full play to the development of the vigorous views of their own.D.grow up to be more psychologically immature and irresponsible adults.(5).It seems that the author is most critical of（分数
23、：2.00）A.social educators authority.B.children rebellion.C.psychologists misguidance.D.parents confusion.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Thomas Hardys impulses as a writer, all of which indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some de
24、gree interested in exploring his characters psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined t
25、o literary realism in the several senses of that phrase; He wanted to describe ordinary human beings. He wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a realist. He
26、 wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange.In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often inevitably, because Hardy did not care in the way t
27、hat novelists such as Flaubert or James learned, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and, unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly t
28、o the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one. And thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions Hardy aban
29、doned a perilous risky and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style-that sure index of an authors literary worth-was certain to become verbose.Hardys weakness derived fro
30、m his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted of first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels. His
31、 most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses-a desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of love but the slight interlockings of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book spl
32、its into two distinct parts.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?（分数：2.00）A.Hardys Novelistic Style: A Literary Light.B.Hardys Creative Conflict: Rationalism and Realism.C.Hardys Achievements: An Ambiguous Triumph.D.Hardys Novelisti
33、c Impulses: The Problem of Conflicts.(2).The author mentions Hardys novel “Under the Greenwood Tree“ to justify his comments on（分数：2.00）A.his awareness of profundity.B.his contrastive impulses.C.his tendency to compromise.D.his nonconformist image.(3).Which of the following words could best be subst
34、ituted for “relaxed“ (Paragraph 3) without substantially changing the authors meaning?（分数：2.00）A.Wordy.B.Spontaneous.C.Concise.D.Commonplace.(4).As pointed out in the passage, the exposition of the structure and texture of a flower is a good example of（分数：2.00）A.sensitivity.B.obscurity.C.preciseness
35、.D.deviation.(5).Concerning literary realism as mentioned in the passage, which of the following would the author be most likely to agree with?（分数：2.00）A.Novelists of literary realism reconcile a compromise in their impulses.B.The term “literary realism“ is susceptible to more than a single definiti
36、on.C.The label of “literary realism“ is too all-inclusive to be clearly specified.D.Chances are slim that writers integrate different desires into their works.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Never has a straitjacket seemed so ill-fitting or so insecure. The Euro areas “Stability and Growth Pact“ was suppose
37、d to stop irresponsible member states running excessive budget deficits, defined as 3% of GDP or more. Chief among the restraints was the threat of large fines if member governments breached the limit for three years in a row. For some time now, no one has seriously believed those restraints would h
38、old. In the early hours of Tuesday November 25th, the Euros fiscal straitjacket finally came apart at the seams.The pacts fate was sealed over an extended dinner meeting of the euro areas 12 finance ministers. They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of the Euros two largest members, France and Germ
39、any. Both governments ran deficits of more than 3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year. Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in 2004. Earlier this year the European Commission, which polices the pact, agreed to give both countries an extra year, until 2005, to bring their d
40、eficits back into line. But it also instructed them to revisit their budget plans for 2004 and make extra cuts. France was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted deficit by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both resisted.Under the pacts hales, the commissions prescriptions have no force u
41、ntil formally endorsed in a vote by the Euro areas finance ministers known as the “Eurogroup.“ And the votes were simply not there. Instead, the Euro-group agreed on a set of proposals of its own, drawn up by the Italian finance minister, Giulio Tremonti. France will cut its structural deficit by 0.
42、8% of GDP next year, Germany by 0.6%. In 2005, both will bring their deficits below 3%, economic growth permitting. Nothing will enforce or guarantee this agreement except France and Germanys word. The European Central Bank (ECB) was alarmed at this outcome, the commission was dismayed, and the smal
43、ler Euro-area countries who opposed the deal were apoplectic: treaty law was giving way to the “Franco-German steamroller,“ as Le Figaro, a French newspaper, put it.This seething anger will sour European politics and may spill over into negotiations on a proposed EU constitution. Having thrown their
44、 weight around this week, France and Germany may find other smaller members more reluctant than ever to give ground in the negotiations on the document. Spain opposes the draft constitution because it will give it substantially less voting weight than it currently enjoys. It sided against France and
45、 Germany on Tuesday, and will point to their fiscal transgressions to show that the EUs big countries do not deserve the extra power the proposed constitution will give them.（分数：10.00）(1).The Euros fiscal straitjacket is mentioned to show（分数：2.00）A.the challenge of large fines.B.the broken limit of
46、GDP.C.the restraints of the pact.D.the belief of Euros members.(2).Which of the following can best describe the Euro areas finance ministers?（分数：2.00）A.Active but discouraged.B.Earnest and powerful.C.Cautious but vigorous.D.Feeble and vulnerable.(3).According to the text, what annoys the Euro area i
47、s that France and Germany refuse to（分数：2.00）A.agree on an EU constitution.B.define their GDP as 3%.C.respect Euros finance members.D.control their budget deficits.(4).The phrase “Franco-German steamroller“ (Para 3) as used in the text denotes（分数：2.00）A.sudden alarms.B.substantial might.C.extra effor
48、ts.D.sheer reluctance.(5).It can be safely concluded from the text that smaller members of the Euro area would become more（分数：2.00）A.vocal in their own interests.B.angry in face of potential threats.C.considerate of large members.D.supportive of a proposed treaty.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ever since t
49、his governments term began, the attitude to teachers has been overshadowed by the mantra that good teachers cannot be rewarded if it means bad teachers are rewarded, too. Thats why, despite the obvious need for them, big pay rises have not been awarded to teachers across the board. The latest pay rise was 3.6 percent-mad in the present situation. Thats why, as well, the long battle over performance-related pay was fought as teacher numbers slid.The idea is that some kind of year zero can eventually be achieved whereby all the bad teachers are
