1、考研英语-889 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Valentines Day may come from the ancient Roman feast of Luperealia. (1) the fierce wolves roamed nearby, the old Romans called (2) the god Lupereus to help them. A festival in his (3) was held February 15th. On the eve of the fe
2、stival the (4) of the girls were written on (5) paper and placed in jars. Each young man (6) a slip. The girl whose name was (7) was to be his sweetheart for the year.Legend (8) it that the holiday became Valentines Day (9) a roman priest named Valentine. Emperor Claudius II (10) the Roman soldiers
3、not to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt married soldiers would (11) stay home than fight. When Valentine (12) the Emperor and secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the (13) of Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a (14) . Christian priests moved the
4、 holiday from the 15th to the 14th-Valentines Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine (15) of Lupercus.Valentines Day has become a major (16) of love and romance in the modem world. The ancient god Cupid and his (17) into a lovers heart may still be used to (18) falling in love or being in love. But w
5、e also use cards and gifts, such as flowers Or jewelry, to do this. (19) to give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentines Day can sometimes be as (20) as forgetting a birthday or a wedding anniversary.（分数：10.00）A.WhileB.whenC.ThoughD.UnlessA.uponB.backC.offD.awayA.honorB.beliefC.handD.wayA.probl
6、emsB.secretsC.namesD.intentionsA.rollsB.pilesC.worksD.slipsA.castB.caughtC.drewD.foundA.givenB.chosenC.electedD.deliveredA.tellsB.meansC.makesD.hasA.afterB.sinceC.asD.fromA.orderedB.pleadedC.envisionedD.believedA.otherB.simplyC.ratherD.allA.dislikedB.defiedC.defeatedD.dishonoredA.celebrationB.arrang
7、ementC.feastD.eveA.goatB.saintC.modelD.weaponA.becauseB.madeC.insteadD.learntA.partB.representativeC.judgmentD.symbolA.storyB.wanderC.arrowD.playA.portrayB.requireC.demandD.alertA.KeepingB.DisapprovingC.SupportingD.ForgettingA.constructiveB.damagingC.reinforcingD.retorting二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，
8、分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writer-a fact which can easily obscure his very
9、real distinction in some of the areas into which he bas ventured. His co editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920s, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in 1950 is highly regarded. But of all his work it
10、is probably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution.Since 1936 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he “reached bedrock“, Lindsay bas maintained a consistent Marxist viewpoint-and it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has guaranteed his novels a minor but
11、 certainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that “the historical novel is a form that bas a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument“ (New Masses, January 1937), Lindsay first attempted to formulate his Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in
12、the past: particularly in his trilogy in English novels-1949 (dealing with the Digger and Leveller movements), Lost Birthright (the Wilkesite agitations), and Men of Forth-Eight (written in 1939, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in Europe). Basically these works set out, with most success in
13、 the first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsays words, for the “true completion of the national destiny.“ Although the war years saw the virtual disintegration of the left-wing writing movement of the 1930s, Lind
14、say himself carried on: delving into contemporary affairs in We Shall Return and Beyond Terror, novels in which the epithets formerly reserved for the evil capitalists or Francos soldiers have been transferred rather crudely to the German troops. After the war, Lindsay continued to write mainly abou
15、t the present-trying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political realities of post-war England. In the series of novels known collectively as The British Way, and beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1953, it seemed at first as if his solution was simply to resort to m
16、ore and more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-banded didacticism. Fortunately, however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give anything but the most elementary political consciousne
17、ss to his characters, so that in his latest (and what appears to be his last) contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation: “Everything must be different, I cant live this way any longer. But how can I change it, how?“ To his credit as an artist, Lindsay doesnt
18、 give him any explicit answer.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the career of Jack Lindsay as a writer can be described as（分数：2.00）A.inventive.B.productiveC.reflective.D.inductive.(2).The impact of Jack Lindsays ideological attitudes on his literary success was（分数：2.00）A.utterly negative.B.obviou
19、sly positive.C.limited but indivisible.D.obscure in net effect.(3).According to the second paragraph, Jack Lindsay firmly believes in（分数：2.00）A.the gloomy destiny of his own country.B.the function of literature as a weapon.C.his responsibility as an English manD.his extraordinary position in literat
20、ure.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.the radical writers were greatly influenced by the war.B.Jack Lindsay was less and less popular in England.C.Jack Lindsay focused exclusively on domestic affairs.D.the war led to the ultimate union of all English authors.(5).According
21、 to the text, the speech at the end of the text（分数：2.00）A.demonstrates the authors own view of life.B.shows the popular comments on Jack Lindsay.C.offer the authors opinion on Jack Lindsay.D.indicates Jack Lindsays change of attitude.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In studying both the recurrence of special
22、 habits or ideas in several districts, and their prevalence within each district, there come before us ever-repeated proofs of regular causation producing the phenomena of human life, and of laws of maintenance and diffusion conditions of society, at definite stages of culture. But, while giving ful
23、l importance to the evidence bearing on these standard conditions of society, let us be careful to avoid a pitfall which may entrap the unwary student. Of course the opinions and habits belonging in common to masses of mankind are to a great extent the results of sound judgment and practical wisdom.
24、 But to a great extent it is not so. That many numerous societies of men should have believed in the influence of the evil eye and the existence of a firmament, should have sacrificed slaves and goods to the ghosts of the departed, should have handed down traditions of giants slaying monsters and me
25、n turning into beast-all this is ground for holding that such ideas were indeed produced in mens minds by efficient causes, but it is not ground for holding that the rites in question are profitable, the beliefs sound, and the history authentic. This may seem at the first glance a truism, but, in fa
26、ct, it is the denial of a fallacy which deeply affects the minds of all but a small critical minority of mankind. Popularly, what everybody says must be true, what everybody does must be right-“Quod ubique, quod semper, quod ab omnibus creditum est, hoc est vere proprieque Catholicum -and m forth. T
27、here are various topics, especially in history, law, philosophy, and theology, where even the educated people we live among can hardly be brought to see that the cause why men do hold an opinion, or practise a custom, is by no means necessarily a reason why they ought to do so. Now collections of et
28、hnographic evidence bringing so prominently into view the agreement of immense multitudes of men as to certain traditions, beliefs, and usages, are peculiarly liable to be thus improperly used in direct defense of these institutions themselves, even old barbaric nations being polled to maintain thei
29、r opinions against what are called modern ideas. As it has more than once happened to myself to find my collections of traditions and beliefs thus set up to prove their own objective truth, without proper examination of the grounds on which they were actually received, I take this occasion of remark
30、ing that the same line of argument will serve equally well to demonstrate, by the strong and wide consent of nations, that the earth is flat, and nightmare the visit of a demon.（分数：10.00）(1).The authors attitude towards the phenomena mentioned at the beginning of the text is one of（分数：2.00）A.skeptic
31、ism.B.approval.C.indifference.D.disgust.(2).By “But to a great extent it is not so“ (Lines 6-7) the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.most people are just followers of new ideas.B.even sound minds may commit silly errors.C.the popularly supported may be erroneous.D.nobody is immune to the influence of e
32、rrors.(3).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the statement “There are various, to do so“ (Lines 14- 17)?（分数：2.00）A.Principles like history and philosophy are hard to deal with.B.People like to see what other people do for their own model.C.The educated are more susceptible to errors in
33、their daily life.D.That everyone does the same may not prove they are all right.(4).Which of the following would the author probably suggest?（分数：2.00）A.Support not the most supported,B.Deny everything others believe.C.Throw all tradition into trashcan.D.Keep your eyes open all the time.(5).The autho
34、r develops his writing mainly by means of（分数：2.00）A.reasoning.B.examples.C.comparisons.D.quotations.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to rep
35、lace the ultimate sanction of hunger-the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economies from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no l
36、onger ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us.I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labor resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions.
37、I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissea-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established
38、for the first time a system of “free“ labour deserves respect But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre
39、-capitalist serfdom, Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissea-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. I
40、t would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an
41、 instrument of daily used but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy
42、the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “sanction“ (Para. 1) is closest in meaning to（分数：
43、2.00）A.corrective measures.B.encouraging methods.C.preventive efforts.D.revolutionary actions.(2).Which of the following is implied in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.People used to be forced to work under whips.B.The author dislikes the function of politics in economy.C.Incentives are always less av
44、ailable than regulations.D.People have an instinct of working less and getting more.(3).The authors attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of the second paragraph, is one of（分数：2.00）A.reluctant acceptance.B.sheer pessimism.C.mild optimism.D.extreme hopefulness.(4).The author of t
45、he text seems to oppose the idea of（分数：2.00）A.free market.B.military controlC.strict regulations.D.unrestrained labors.(5).The last sentence of the text indicates the authors（分数：2.00）A.hatred.B.affection.C.stubbornness.D.rejection.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Over the last decade, demand for the most com
46、mon cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to f
47、antastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. “What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.“In Ame
48、rica, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is s
49、illy,“ he says. “By then, youve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand.“ Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, “It seems that someone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery. In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people, Dr. Davies, who cla
