1、考研英语-888 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, (1) into a hobby and lately has (2) into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates (3) Electrical Engineeri
2、ng at Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep (4) of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they (5) that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and (6) . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they (7) yahoo into a
3、 customized database designed to (8) the needs of the thousands of users (9) began to use the service through the closely (10) Internet community. They developed customized software to help them (11) locate, identify and edit material (12) on the Internet. The name Yahoo is (13) to stand for “Yet An
4、other Hierarchical Officious Orale“, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the (14) because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first (15) on Yangs workstation, “akebono“, while the search engine was (16) on Filos computer, “Konishiki“.In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape
5、 Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files (17) to larger computers (18) at Netscape. As a result Stanfords computer network returned to (19) , and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo (20) organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to
6、the web.（分数：10.00）A.becameB.grewC.turnD.intendA.madeB.sawC.lookedD.turnedA.inB.onC.aboutD.forA.touchB.contactC.trackD.recordA.foundedB.foundC.arguedD.reportedA.unwieldyB.toughC.tamableD.invaluableA.exchangedB.shankC.soldD.convertedA.explainB.serveC.discoverD.evaluateA.whichB.thatC.actuallyD.eagerlyA
7、.relativeB.interactiveC.boundD.contactedA.fluentlyB.efficientlyC.exactlyD.actuallyA.transmittedB.purchasedC.soldD.storedA.aboutB.boundC.goingD.supposedA.fableB.modelC.nameD.brandA.supportedB.residedC.livedD.launchedA.connectedB.lodgedC.introducedD.linkedA.overB.awayC.insideD.beneathA.housedB.caughtC
8、.hosedD.hiddenA.averageB.normalC.ordinaryD.equalA.attainsB.detainsC.maintainsD.contains二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriv
9、ing. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: Relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, aster a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage cont
10、ext: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife,
11、 and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one
12、 parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses.Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from the present marria
13、ge and “part-time“ children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst
14、 of all this, there remains one constant: Most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.（分数：10.00）(1).By calling Americans marrying people the author means that_.（分数：2.00）A.Americans are more traditional than EuropeansB.Americans expect more out of marriage than EuropeansC.there are more ma
15、rried couples in U. S. A than in EuropeD.more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age(2).Divorced Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.will most likely remarryB.prefer the way they liveC.have lost faith in marriageD.are the vast majority of people in the societ
16、y(3).Which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families?（分数：2.00）A.A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.B.Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.C.Americans prefer to have more kids than before.D.There are no nucle
17、ar families any mor(4).“Part-time“ children_.（分数：2.00）A.spend some of their time with their half-brothers and some of their time with their half-sistersB.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriageC.are shared between the two former spousesD.cannot stay with “full-time“ childr
18、en(5).Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _.（分数：2.00）A.the functions of marriage remain unchangedB.most Americans prefer a second marriageC.the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriageD.all of the above五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lateral think
19、ing, first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bono name was so famous, Caspars parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might sna
20、p, “Where do you get that idea from?“We had to be careful and not overdo it,“ Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxfordwhich once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic. In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several t
21、hinking sessions,“ his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.“ Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Child How to Think“, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen int
22、o informal exercises for parents and children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children arent very logical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,“ Edward de Bono says, “if you examine pe
23、oples thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.“Teach Your Child How to Think“ offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying
24、 and of exploring the alternatives.（分数：10.00）(1).What is TRUE about Caspar?（分数：2.00）A.He is Edwards son.B.He is an adventurous thinker.C.He first described lateral thinking.D.He is often scolded by his teacher.(2).Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because_.（分数：2.00）A.he was careful and often ov
25、erworkedB.all of his school teachers thought he had a chanceC.he used in the exam the techniques provided by his fatherD.he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think“ before the exam(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward_.（分数：2.00）A.was likely to improve childrens logic with his book
26、B.gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was bornC.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicD.once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and children(4).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements ex
27、presses Edward de Bonos view?（分数：2.00）A.Everybody knows that children arent very logical.B.It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.C.We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.D.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequenc(5).Lat
28、eral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.improving ones logic in thinkingB.inproving ones perception in thinkingC.seeing the implications of what you are sayingD.exploring the alternatives for what you are saying六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are a number of formats for reporting rese
29、arch, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they addre
30、ss. We will now briefly describe them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (oft
31、en referred to as “background“), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or prac
32、titioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers w
33、ill describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts w
34、ho make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the pha
35、ses of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their
36、development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the students ability to c
37、arry out research.The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most ess
38、ential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or pra
39、ctitioners.（分数：10.00）(1).The best title for this passage could be_.（分数：2.00）A.Types of Research ReportsB.Types of Journal ArticlesC.Writing of research ReportsD.Writing of Different Articles(2).The common aspect for the journal articles, these and conference papers lies in that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are
40、all for the practitionersB.they are all to be read by researchersC.they are all for being publishedD.they are all forms of reporting research(3).We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through_.（分数：2.00）A.their writing style and lengthB.their aims and possible audiencesC.the
41、ir presented places and timeD.their content and purposes(4).Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.B.All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in sp
42、oken languages.C.Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.D.The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.(5).How can a professor evaluate a students capability of implementing the research?（分数：2.00）A.By concentrati
43、ng on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and disscussion.B.By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.C.By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the re
44、sults, and conclusions etc.D.By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results et七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact
45、 discs, and even stocks were available from World Wide Web Sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of
46、time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $ 7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, o
47、wing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.For all the consumer interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branch
48、ed into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 minion in the same period of 1997. Overall, however, the companys loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001. Despite the
49、great loss, Amazon. com had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors optimism about the future of the industry.Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carried its own risks, however. With so many companies competing for consumers attention, price competition was intense and profit margins thin or nonexistent. One video
