1、考研英语-886 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a (an) (1) for a number of institutions and social
2、 contacts. In this way, it (2) a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the (3) of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. (4) by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly (5) t
3、hemselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the (6) of violence in the media and its (7) harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media (8) , such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue
4、 to gain popularity, these media, (9) television, (10) public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation (11) by the media, is body image. (12) forces can influence body image positively or negatively. (13) one, societaland cultural norms and mass media ma
5、rketing (14) our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of (15) beauty fill magazines and newspapers, (16) from our televisions and entertain us (17) the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media (18) on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults
6、are presented with a (19) defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) (20) that carries unrealistic physical expectations.（分数：10.00）A.alternativeB.preferenceC.substituteD.representativeA.accomplishesB.fulfillsC.providesD.sufficesA.riskB.mercyC.heightD.expenseA.AbsorbedB.AttractedC.ArousedD.AddictedA.id
7、entifyB.recognizeC.unifyD.equateA.abundanceB.incidenceC.prevalenceD.recurrenceA.disposedB.hiddenC.implicitD.potentialA.mergedB.emergedC.immergedD.submergedA.apart fromB.much asC.but forD.along withA.promoteB.propelC.promptD.prosperA.inspiredB.imposedC.deliveredD.contributedA.ExternalB.ExteriorC.Expl
8、icitD.ExposedA.AsB.AtC.ForD.InA.markB.effectC.impactD.shockA.generalizedB.regularizedC.standardizedD.categorizedA.boomB.bottomC.brimD.beamA.overB.withC.onD.atA.playB.takeC.profitD.resortA.barelyB.carefullyC.narrowlyD.subjectivelyA.idealB.imageC.stereotypeD.criterion二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00
9、)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the 1960s, Perus sugar industry was among the most efficient in the world. It was all downhill thereafter. A military government expropriated the sugar estates on the country s north coast, turning them into government-owned co-operatives. Having pe
10、aked at 1m tonnes in 1975, output fell to 400,000 tonnes by the early 1990s. But since then the sugar industry has passed into private hands again. Over the past decade production has returned to its historic peakand is now set to boom. The change has been gradual. The government has sold its stake
11、in the industry in tranches. But now investors are piling in. As in other parts of South and Central America they are attracted by higher prices for sugar because of its use for ethanol. Industry sources predict that land under sugar will expand by 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) a year, more than do
12、ubling output over the next decade. That would turn Peru into an exporterthough not on the scale of Brazil or Colombia. Last year, local investors secured a controlling stake in Casa Grande, the largest sugar plantation. Bioterra, a Spanish company, plans a $ 90m ethanol plant nearby. Maple, a Texas
13、 company, has bought 10,600 hectares of land in the northern department of Piura. Its plans call for an investment of $120m and ethanol production of 120m litres a year. Brazilian and Ecuadorean investors are also active. Part of the attraction is that Peru has signed a free-trade agreement with the
14、 United States. Provided that it can satisfy the concerns of the new Democratic-controlled Congress in Washington D. C., about the enforcement of labour rights, this agreement should be approved later this year. It would render permanent existing trade preferences under which ethanol from Peru can e
15、nter the United States dutyfree. By contrast, ethanol exported from Brazil, the worlds biggest producer, must pay a tariff of 54 cents a gallon. Two harsh realities might sour these sweet dreams. Colombia, Central America and the Dominican Republic all enjoy similar preferences and have similar plan
16、s. Colombia already produces 360m litres a year of ethanol, much of it for export. The second question is whether sugara thirsty cropis the best use of Perus desert coastal strip, with its precarious water supply. One of the countrys achievements of the past decade has been the private sectors devel
17、opment of new export crops. It would be ironic if these businesses were threatened by sugars privatisation.（分数：10.00）(1).What information does not provide in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Perus sugar industry was very successful in 1960s.B.Some sugar estates on the countrys north coast used to be g
18、overnment-owned.C.During the period of government owned, the sugar industry underwent a period of development.D.There must be revolutions in 1960s.(2).Base on the second paragraph, we can learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.the investors are not so interested in buying the stakeB.the ethanol sources attract a lo
19、t of investorsC.the land under sugar expand by 2.5 times of last yearD.Perus export on sugar is next to that of Brazil and Colombia(3).Which of the following statements is not true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Many famous companies invest on sugar production.B.The free-trade agreement with the U
20、nited States is a kind of security on international trade.C.Politics and economy are interactional.D.The enforcement of labour rights has been achieved while the author writing this text.(4).The word “precarious“ (Paragraph 5) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.unstableB.barrenC.plentyD.cautious(5).Whi
21、ch of the following is the best title for this text?（分数：2.00）A.How to Make Ethanol from SugarB.The Historical Development of Sugar Industry of PeruC.Politics Can Improve the Development of Interactional TradeD.The Conflict between Government-owned and Privatization五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Europe nee
22、ds to import to export. “ That is the slogan of the European Commissions new strategy for securing its economic place in the world, unveiled this week by Peter Mandelson, the European Unions commissioner for trade. The soundbite, of course, gets the economics precisely backwards: exports are the pri
23、ce a country must pay for its imports; Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume only so they can in turn get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours. But the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must now confront. First, only by offering to open its own market
24、s can the EU hope to persuade foreign countries to open theirs. But with the collapse of the Doha round of trade talks, it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offers. Second, European companies are now part of elaborate global supply chains. Clumsy efforts to protect some of them
25、from foreign competition deprive others of the cheap inputs they need to thrive in world markets. The new trade strategy looks at both of these dilemmas, among others. Though Mr Mandelson insists that he remains wedded to multilateral negotiations atthe World Trade Organisation, he also fancies purs
26、uing a bit on the side with other willing trade partners. The EU will pick its partners according to three criteria: do they offer a big, growing market? Are they cutting deals with America or Japan? And are they guilty of deterring European companies, either repelling them at the border with high t
27、ariffs, or bogging them down in cumbersome rules and regulations? The strategy names ASEAN, South Korea, India and Russia as priorities, as well as two regional blocks, Mercosur and the Gulf Co-operation Council, that it is already courting. The EU will reveal its plans for China at the end of the m
28、onth. The strategy also proposes to look again at how the EU protects its own borders, because its favored weapons are prone to backfire. For example, EU ministers decided this week to slap antidumping duties on leather shoes from Vietnam and China, which threaten shoemakers in Italy, Portugal and S
29、pain. But the duties are opposed by Europes own retailers and some of its sportswear makers. Letting Asian workers stitch and glue sports shoes makes it possible for such firms to employ Europeans to design and market them. Mr Mandelson presented his strategy as a way to help the EU become more comp
30、etitive. Opening up to foreign rivals is, of course, an excellent way to foster competition in cloistered domestic industries. A pity then that most of his concrete proposals were about conquering markets abroad, and that the EU is still so ready to raise its defences at home.（分数：10.00）(1).According
31、 to the Paragraph 1, how can Europeans get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours?（分数：2.00）A.Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume.B.Peter Mandelson unveiled new strategy for securing its economic place in the world this week.C.Slapping anti-dumping duties on other products fr
32、om outside EU.D.Ask ask more foreign labours to work in EU.(2).The reasons why the author says the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must now confront include the followings except_.（分数：2.00）A.EU hope to persuade foreign countries to open their markets by offering to open its
33、 owns although it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offersB.other countries were repelling EU companies at the border with high tariffsC.European companies are now part of elaborate global supply chainsD.efforts to protect some of European companies from foreign competition may
34、deprive others of the cheap inputs which these EU companies need to thrive in world markets(3).Which of the following is not a basic standard of EU for picking its partners?（分数：2.00）A.Offering a big, growing market.B.Not bogging them down in cumbersome rules and regulationsC.Not deterring European c
35、ompanies from their countriesD.Cutting deals with America or Japan(4).The word “pity“(Line 3, Paragragh 5) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.competition in cloistered domestic industriesB.opening up to foreign rivalsC.Mr Mandelsons strategyD.his proposals were about conquering markets abroad while EU is still s
36、o ready to raise its defenses at home(5).Which of the following could be authors judgment of the strategy?（分数：2.00）A.Infeasible proposal.B.A perfect solution.C.Effective defense against rivals.D.Positive change.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In November the European Parliaments culture and education commit
37、tee is due to move forward on its proposed “audiovisual media services“ directive, before sending it to the full parliament in December. The new rules update and relax the “Television Without Frontiers“ directive of 1989, which opened Europes national markets. But critics complain that they also see
38、k to extend fusty regulations from the era of broadcast television to todays very different technologies. Rules on advertising, the protection of children and so on could potentially also apply to all kinds of video streams, including video blogs, online games and mobile-video services. This could h
39、ave a chilling effect on innovation and risks stifling emerging technologies with rules designed for another age, says Chris Marsden of RAND Europe, a think-tank that has analysed the potential impact of the proposed rules for Ofcom, Britains media and telecoms regulator. “Regulators have to be thou
40、ghtful. They cannot predict the future of television “or the internetno one can,“ says Niklas Zennstr. m, a co-founder of Skype, who is now setting up an internet television firm. The proposed rules may be unrealistic as well as onerous. The idea that websites can be regulated like broadcasters, whi
41、ch are required to keep strict records of what they show in order to help watchdogs investigate complaints, is untenable. Firms could simply relocate outside the European Union to escape the new rules. Last week Ruth Hieronymi, a member of parliament, said she would introduce wording that might help
42、 to overcome some of the objections. Behind the debate is the question of how best to balance competition and protection. Traditional broadcasters worry that they will be shackled by regulations while brisk start-ups can do as they pleaseso they like the idea of extending regulation to their new riv
43、als. But even if the rules are approved as they stand, they will not come into force until 2010. Such a long, slow process seems incongruous given the pace of technological change.（分数：10.00）(1).The change of television can be attributed to_.（分数：2.00）A.the scarce spectrum and only small number of sta
44、tions existedB.advancement of technologyC.the preference of different audiencesD.Europes attempt to update the rules(2).According to the text, the new rules_.（分数：2.00）A.seek to revise the previous regulationB.complained by many educatorsC.passed by European Parliament in 1989D.opened Europes nationa
45、l markets(3).According to the Paragragh 3, Niklas Zennstr. m think that_.（分数：2.00）A.rules designed for another age is still availableB.“Television Without Frontiers“ directive of 1989 has stifled new technologies emergingC.regulators should be more forecastable so they can design better rules of tel
46、evision and other mediaD.regulations must be realistic because no one can not predict the future(4).The word “onerous“ (Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.deceptiveB.burdensomeC.stringentD.outrageous(5).Why Traditional broadcasters want to extend regulations to the new broadcasters
47、?（分数：2.00）A.Because they are chained by regulations while the new rivals are free from themB.Because it is hard to balance competition and protection.C.Because the new broadcasters are more adapted to the regulations.D.Because the rules come into force in a slow and long process.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10
48、.00)Jim Boon is a hybrid kind of guy. He drives a Toyota hybrid to work, a Honda hybrid on weekends and, as a manager for Seattle public transit he recently placed the worlds largest order for hybrid electric buses. Now, with the biggest hybrid-bus fleet in the world, Seattle has become the main tes
49、ting ground for a technology that claims it can drastically cut air pollution and fuel consumption. In the 1990s, demo fleets of 35 buses or fewer started cropping up in cities such as Tempe, Ariz. Sixteen of these early hybrids still service Genoa, Italy, where drivers switch from diesel to electric power when passing the citys downtown architectural treasures. But no city has gone as far as Seattle, which last year bought 235 GM hybrid buses at $ 645,000 a pop. When the final one rolls out this December, the regions b
