1、考研英语-874 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The amount of sunlight reaching Earths surface appears to be growing. The phenomenon, which some dub “global brightening,“ (1) scientists with a puzzle. If the (2) is real and global, how long will it last and what are the conse
2、quences for climate change, the planets water cycle, and other (3) that draw energy from sunlight? (4) , the answer might seem obvious: More sunlight reaching the ground in a warming world means that temperatures will get warmer (5) . Not so fast, some researchers say. Additional warming would be ce
3、rtain (6) nothing else in the climate system changes. And the climate system is (7) static. Some combinations of changes could reinforce the heating; others could (8) it. Unraveling these interactions and forecasting their course require an accurate accounting of the sunlight reaching the surface an
4、d the (9) the surface sends skyward. Moreover, researchers say, measurements of the suns strength at Earths surface are potentially powerful tools for (10) human influences on the climate.Earths radiation “budget“ (11) an “extremely important parameter that is (12) known, says Robert Charlson, an at
5、mospheric scientist at the University of Washington at Seattle. “It needs to be (13) much better than it is.“(14) about the amount of sunlight reaching Earths surface were first raised in 1974. Researchers from the United States and Israel recorded a 12% drop (15) sunlight over 40 years at a (16) st
6、ation in the southern Sinai Peninsula. Since then, others have used a variety of techniques to try to track (17) sunlight. Three years ago, for example, a (18) led by Beate Liepert at Columbia Universitys Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory gathered data from ground (19) around the world and found that
7、 solar radiation reaching the surface fell (20) 4% from 1961 to 1990.（分数：10.00）A.presentsB.offersC.grantsD.providesA.trendB.treadC.trenchD.treatyA.creaturesB.resourcesC.processesD.activitiesA.At the bestB.At first glanceC.At all eventsD.At any rateA.muchB.farC.everD.stillA.now thatB.in caseC.only if
8、D.even afterA.nothing butB.nothing thanC.anything elseD.anything butA.offsetB.disruptC.restoreD.relieveA.reflectionB.radiationC.illuminationD.illustrationA.blockingB.escapingC.gaugingD.manifestingA.commitsB.demonstratesC.revealsD.representsA.rarelyB.badlyC.actuallyD.poorlyA.indicatedB.emphasizedC.de
9、scribedD.quantifiedA.AttentionB.WorriesC.ConcernsD.PuzzlesA.inB.ofC.toD.withA.monitoringB.observingC.measuringD.recordingA.ongoingB.outgoingC.incomingD.upcomingA.facultyB.teamC.groupD.staffA.pointsB.stationsC.establishmentsD.basesA.downB.aroundC.toD.by二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：
10、0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It might take only the touch of peach fuzz to make an autistic child howl in pain. The odour of the fruit could be so Overpowering that he gags. For reasons that are not well understood, people with autism do not integrate all of their senses in ways that help them
11、understand properly what they are experiencing. By the age of three, the signs of autism- infrequent eye contact, over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to the environment, difficulty mixing with others are in full force. There is no cure; intense behavioural therapies serve only to lessen the sympto
12、ms.The origins of autism are obscure. But a paper in Brain, a specialist journal, casts some light. A team headed by Marcel Just, of Carnegie Mellon University, and Nancy Minshew, of the University of Pittsburgh, has found evidence of how the brains of people with autism function differently from th
13、ose without the disorder.Using a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI), Dr. Just, Dr. Minshew and their team compared the brain activity of young adults who had “high functioning“ autism (in which an autists IQ score is normal) with that of non-autistic partici
14、pants. The experiment was designed to examine two regions of the brain known to be associated with language-Brocas area and Wernickes area-when the participants were reading.Three differences emerged. First, Wernickes area, the part responsible for understanding individual words, was more active in
15、autists than non-autists. Second, Brocas area-where the components of language are integrated to produce meaning-was less active. Third, the activity of the two areas was less synchronised.This research has led Dr. Just to offer an explanation for autism, lie calls it “undereonnectivity theory“. It
16、depends on a recent body of work which suggests that the brains white matter (the wiring that connects the main Bodies of the nerve ceils, or grey matter, together) is less dense and less abundant in the brain of an autistic person than in that of a non-autist. Dr. Just suggests that abnormal white
17、matter causes the grey matter to adapt to the resulting lack of communication. This hones some regions to levels of superior ability, while others fall by the wayside.The team chose to examine Brocas and Werniekes areas because language-based experiments are easy to conduct. But if the underconnecti
18、vity theory applies to. the rest of the brain, too, it would be less of a mystery why some people with autism are hypersensitive to their environments, and others are able to do certain tasks, such as arithmetic, so well. And if it is true that underconnectivity is indeed the main problem, then trea
19、tments might be developed to stimulate the growth of the white-matter wiring.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The smell of a peach can make an autistic person feel painful.B.Autistic persons have difficulty understanding their environment.C.The
20、 signs of autism begin to appear after the age of three.D.Behavioural therapies can be used to cure people of autism.(2).The paper by Dr. Just and Dr. Minshew is meant to examine _.（分数：2.00）A.the functions of different regions of the brainB.the differences of autism from other disordersC.the brains
21、for the origins of autismD.the roles of Brocas area and Wernickes area(3).The “underconneetivity theory“ attributes autism to _.（分数：2.00）A.disproportion of grey matterB.imbalance of brain functionsC.deficiency in white matterD.insufficiency of communication(4).The authors attitude towards Dr. Just a
22、nd Dr. Minshews work can be described as _.（分数：2.00）A.enthusiastic supportB.absolute neutralityC.slight suspicionD.moderate approval(5).What will the succeeding paragraph, should there be one, most probably discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Efforts to examine other brain areas of autistic persons.B.Ways to stimula
23、te the growth of white matter wiring.C.Other problems autistic persons may suffer from.D.Mysteries why white matter is so important.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Saudi Arabia, the oil industrys swing producer, has become its flip-flopper. In February, it persuaded OPEC to cut its total production quotas b
24、y lm barrels per day (bpd), to 23.5m, as a precaution against an oil-price crash this spring. That fear has since been replaced by its opposite. The price of West Texas crude hit $40 last week, its highest since the eve of the first Iraq war, prompting concerns that higher oil prices could sap the v
25、igour of Americas recovery and compound the frailty of Europes. On Monday May 10th, Ali al-Naimi, Saudi Arabias energy minister, called on OPEC to raise quotas, by at least 1. 5m bpd, at its next meeting on June 3rd.Thus far, the high oil price has been largely a consequence of good things, such as
26、a strengthening world economy, rather than a cause of bad things, such as faster inflation or slower growth. Chinas burgeoning economy guzzled about 6m bpd in the first quarter of this year, 15% more than a year ago, according to Goldman Sachs. Demand was also strong in the rest of Asia, excluding J
27、apan, growing by 5.2% to 8. 1m bpd. As the year progresses, the seasonal rhythms of Americas drivers will dictate prices, at least of the lighter, sweeter crudes. Americans take to the roads en masse in the summer, and speculators are driving up the oil price now in anticipation of peak demand in a
28、few months time.Until recently, the rise in the dollar price of oil was offset outside America and China by the fall in the dollar itself. But the currency has regained some ground in recent weeks, and the oil price has continued to rise. Even so, talk of another oil price shock is premature. The pr
29、ice of oil, adjusted for inflation, is only half what it was in December 1979, and the United States now uses half as much energy per dollar of output as it did in the early 1970s. But if oil cannot shock the world economy quite as it used to, it can still give it “a good kick“, warns Goldman Sachs.
30、 If average oil prices for the year come in 10% higher than it forecast, it reckons GDP growth in the Group of Seven (G7) rich nations will be reduced by 0.3%, or $70 billion.The Americans are certainly taking the issue seriously. John Snow, their treasury secretary, called OPECs February decision “
31、regrettable“, and the rise in prices since then “not helpful“. Washington pays close heed to the man at the petrol pump, who has seen the average price of a gallon of unleaded petrol rise by 39 cents in the past year. And the Saudis, some mutter, pay close heed to Washington.Besides, the high oil pr
32、ice may have filled Saudi coffers, but it has also affronted Saudi pride. Mr. al-Naimi thinks the high price is due to fears that supply might be disrupted in the future. These fears, he says, are “unwarranted“. But the hulking machinery in the Arabian desert that keeps oil flowing round the world p
33、resents an inviting target to terrorists should they tire of bombing embassies and nightclubs. (ha May 1st, gunmen killed six people in a Saudi office of ABB Lummus Global, an American oil contractor. Such incidents add to the risk premium factored into the oil price, a premium that the Saudis take
34、as a vote of no confidence in their kingdom and its ability to guarantee the supply of oil in the face of terrorist threats.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “. has become its flip-flopper“ (Par（分数：2.00）A.1)?A. Saudi Arabia reversed its earlier decision.B. Saudi Arabia objected to the rise
35、of oil price.C. Saudi Arabia was concerned about the world economy.D. Saudi Arabia wished to reduce the oil production.(2).It is implied in the second paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.high oil price sometimes results from inflation or slow growthB.Chinas growth has contributed to the rise of oil priceC.J
36、apans demand of oil declined in the past monthsD.economy has much to do with the swing of oil price(3).By “a good kick“, Goldman Sachs suggests that _.（分数：2.00）A.U.S. currency is exerting a positive influence over oil priceB.another oil-price shock is inevitable given its continuing riseC.the rise o
37、f oil price could affect world economy negativelyD.Goldman Sachs remained optimistic about the situation(4).John Snows remarks are mentioned in the text to show _.（分数：2.00）A.his reluctance to get involvedB.Americans concern about the issueC.Washingtons hatred of the man at the pumpD.his attitude tow
38、ards the Saudi decision(5).The main concern of the last paragraph is _.（分数：2.00）A.the hurt of Saudi prideB.the possible disruption of oil supplyC.the next target of terroristsD.the attack on an American oil contractor六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The “MyDoom“ virus could presage a generation of computer a
39、ttacks by organised gangs aiming to extract ransoms from online businesses, experts said yesterday.The warning came as the website run by SCO, a company that sells Unix computer software, in effect disappeared from the web under a blizzard of automated attacks from PCs infected by the virus, which f
40、irst appeared a week ago.The “MyDoom-A“ version of the virus is reckoned to be the worst to have hit the internet, in terms of the speed of its spread, with millions of PCs worldwide believed to be infected. Such “zombie“ machines begin to send out hundreds of copies of the virus every hour to almos
41、t any e-mail address in their files.On Sunday they began sending automated queries to SCOs website, an attack that will continue until 12 February. The attack is the web equivalent of ringing the companys doorbell and running away a million times a second, leaving its computers unable to deal with s
42、tandard requests to view its pages.“You have to wonder about the time limit,“ said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at the antivirus company Sophos. “Someone could go to SCO after the 12th and say, If you dont want this to happen again, here are our demands.“ Raimund Genes, European presi
43、dent of the security software firm Trend Micro, said: “Such a programme could take out any major website on the internet. Its not terrorism, but it is somebody who is obviously upset with SCO“SCO has earned the enmity of computer users through a lawsuit it has filed against IBM. SCO claims ownership
44、 of computer code it says IBM put into the free operating system Linux, and is demanding licence fees and damages of $1bn.Mr. Cluley said: “It might be that whoever is behind this will say to SCO, if you dont want the next one to target you, drop the lawsuit.“ SCO has offered $250,000 (140,000) for
45、information leading to the arrest of the person or people who wrote and distributed MyDoom.Nell Barrett, of the security company Information Risk Management, said, “I would give a lot of credence to the idea of gangs using viruses to extort money. Its hard for law enforcement to track them down, bec
46、ause theyre using machines owned by innocent people.“A second variant of MyDoom will start attacking part of Microsofts website later today. The antivirus company MessageLabs said it had blocked more than 16 million copies of the virus in transit over the net so far. But millions more will have reac
47、hed their targets.（分数：10.00）(1).The onset of a new generation of computer attacks was marked by _.（分数：2.00）A.an organization of gangsB.the infection of PCsC.the sale of a softwareD.a websites vanishing(2).What does the word “they“ (Par（分数：2.00）A.4) refer toy _.A. “organized gangs“.B. “PCs infected“.
48、C. “copies of the virus“.D. “their files“.(3).It can Be inferred from the text that the purpose of the attack could be _.（分数：2.00）A.to render the doorbell of the company uselessB.to prevent those nonstandard requests to visitC.to make some demands of the companyD.to cancel some websites hated by ter
49、rorists(4).Neil Barretts remarks are quoted to show _.（分数：2.00）A.experts different understandings of intention of the attackB.the difficulty to find out the gangs behind this actC.peoples doubt about winning the lawsuit against scaD.the problem with the security of information management(5).This text is most probably taken from _.（分数：2.00）A.a newspaper magazineB.a technicians reportC.a college textbookD.a science thesis七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In a paper just published in Scie
