1、考研英语-861 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、All Americans are at(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.exceptB.regardingC.besidesD.including2.（分数：0.50）A.agreeB.push forwardC.assimilateD.deal3.（分数：0.50）A.estimatedB.evaluatedC.settledD.decided4.（分数：0.50）A.questionB.issueC.aspectD.m
2、atter5.（分数：0.50）A.SinceB.Up toC.BeforeD.By the end of6.（分数：0.50）A.yetB.furthermoreC.howeverD.just the same7.（分数：0.50）A.availableB.reachableC.suitableD.eligible8.（分数：0.50）A.culturalB.educationalC.socialD.severe9.（分数：0.50）A.In the futureB.In the pastC.At presentD.Maybe10.（分数：0.50）A.realizeB.assimilate
3、C.acknowledgeD.revitalize11.（分数：0.50）A.reserveB.converseC.detainD.preserve12.（分数：0.50）A.non-IndianB.IndianC.previousD.former13.（分数：0.50）A.orB.andC.yetD.but14.（分数：0.50）A.evenB.everC.greatlyD.further15.（分数：0.50）A.WhatB.WhetherC.ThatD.How16.（分数：0.50）A.agreeableB.regardlessC.familiarD.sympathetic17.（分数：
4、0.50）A.predicamentB.dilemmaC.scrapeD.plight18.（分数：0.50）A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might19.（分数：0.50）A.in favor ofB.on behalf ofC.side by side withD.far behind20.（分数：0.50）A.enforcedB.overallC.contemptuousD.unbelievable三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.Th
5、e experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago _.（分数：2.00）A.couldn t prove that sleep mattersB.allowed the control rats as much sleep as possibleC.showed that sleep is still fundamentally mysteryD.kept the experimental rats up all day and all night22.Why
6、does the writer say “You might be forgiven for thinking that . “?（分数：2.00）A.Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking requires new insights.B.Most of the other things people do regularly are biologically straightforward.C.The problem sounds rather grand.D.We still lack for progress though we ve spe
7、nt much more time studying it.23.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Dr. Everson announced the conclusion of the experiments that sleep is needed for resistance to infection.B.Carol Everson repeated the experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard
8、 Bergmann at the University of Chicago.C.Carol has been a graduate student at the University of Chicago.D.Carol s later experiment found some similarities between sleep-deprived rates and many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients.24.The protein found by Peter Shiromani _.（分数：2.00）A.eventually
9、revealed the function o? sleepB.built up at high levels in chronically sleep-deprived ratsC.was similar to that found by researchers at the University of VeronD.lasted for only 45 minutes25.The writer seems to think that _.（分数：2.00）A.new ways of inducing sleep is still beyond man s knowledgeB.consci
10、ousness is a crucial part in sleep researchC.the understanding of the purpose of sleep is still hard to achieveD.we ve got new insights into the consciousness六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.The writer wants to tell us that _.（分数：2.00）A.Einstein is one of the great scientists in the worldB.Einstein was to
11、o naive in politicsC.Einstein was also a great politicianD.Einstein was also involved in politics in his lifetime as a great scientist27.What does the writer mean by saying “But these were not just the isolated actions of a scientist“ ?（分数：2.00）A.Einstein was not isolated in his postwar effort to pr
12、event nuclear war.B.Einstein was isolated from other scientists in his political advocacy.C.Einstein was more than once connected with the political world.D.It was the only action that dragged Einstein into the world of politics.28._ led Einstein gradually to identify with the Jewish community.（分数：2
13、.00）A.His Jewish descentB.His unpopularity among his colleaguesC.His growing awareness of anti - semitismD.His rejection of the biblical idea of God29.What s the main reason Einstein declined the presidency of Israel?（分数：2.00）A.Because science seemed more important to him than politics.B.Because he
14、was already an American citizen.C.Because he rejected the biblical idea of God.D.Because he could not forget his sad memory of living in German.30.Which of the following is not listed as one of Einstein s activities?（分数：2.00）A.He became involved in anti-war demonstration in Berlin.B.He encouraged pe
15、ople to refuse conscription.C.He rejected the biblical idea of God.D.He became an outspoken supporter of Zionism.七、Text 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.The writer seems to think that to a great extent your choice of color will be determined by _.（分数：2.00）A.the characteristic local colorsB.a need to make your ho
16、use 10ok artisticC.the limited number of colors available locallyD.your desire to make your house look different32.According to the passage when putting paint on the outside of your house, you should be careful _.（分数：2.00）A.not to let other people interfereB.to use paint that will withstand both win
17、ter and summer conditionsC.to take into account the general appearance of the areaD.to allow for slight fading of the colors33.Why are weather - boarded houses painted white according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.To contrast with the colored window - frames and doors.B.As a break with the traditional c
18、oloring.C.Because this is the tradition.D.To cover the original tarred surface.34.The reason the painting of the house has not been looked on as an art form seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.the public s inability to appreciate the range of colors involvedB.the failure of art galleries to convince the critic
19、sC.the impossibility of displaying it to the gallery - going publicD.a tendency to put communal art in a less serious category35.Which of the following may be observed when looking at the brickwork of a house?（分数：2.00）A.Sunshine causes its color to seem soothing.B.The natural color is emphasized whe
20、n the sun goes in.C.The bricks appear to be brighter in color in sunlight.D.Painted bricks are very intense in coloring.八、Text 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)36.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “clumsiness“ ?（分数：2.00）A.Unskilifulness.B.Embarrassment.C.Impoliteness.D.Stupidty.37.To “adopt a
21、 handicap“ the writer chose to _.（分数：2.00）A.be confined to wheelchairsB.stuff cotton in his earsC.hobble around on crutchesD.wear blindfolds38.The writer listed _ problems that frustrated him during the service.（分数：2.00）A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five39.According to the passage it can be inferred that _.（分
22、数：2.00）A.“adopting a handicap“ left a deep impression on the writerB.the writer began to love the life as a handicapC.the writer had overcome the physical and emotional problems faced by the handicappedD.the writer had been dissatisfied with large tax expenditures for ramp - equipped buses40.Why did
23、 the writer say “Wheelchairs had never seemed like scary objects to me before I had to sit in one“ ?（分数：2.00）A.Because a tight knot would grabbed hold in his stomach.B.Because he would have to sit in one for several years.C.Because he would never walk again.D.Because it seemed as if the handicap mig
24、ht become real.九、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、I came to live here (总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_43.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_45.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、(46) The prospect of(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.（分数：2.00）_47.（分数：2.00）_48.（分数：2.00）_49.（分数：2.00）_50.（分数：2.00）_十
25、三、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十四、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)51.1) when and where to meet;2) what to bring;3) why they have to tell you in advance whether they will come.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Wang Ling“ instead. (10 p
26、oints)（分数：10.00）_十五、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)52.Who should pay for this education, the government or the student?You are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, you could bring out the topic question.In the second paragraph, state the different views concerning the problem.In the last para
27、graph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with your own opinion.You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)（分数：20.00）_考研英语-861 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、All Americans are at(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.exceptB.reg
28、ardingC.besidesD.including 解析：试题分析 本题为句法题。详细解答 注意此空前后部分间的关系。前面指印第安居留区生活的各个方面，后面指教育，显然两者之间是从属关系，故 D为正确选项。except 指除了之外；regarding 指关于，涉及到；besides 指除了还，均不符合题意。2.（分数：0.50）A.agreeB.push forwardC.assimilate D.deal解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 根据下文知，此处指是否吸收美国的主流文化，故 C为正确选项。agree 指同意；push forward指提出；deal 指处理，均不符合题意。3.
29、（分数：0.50）A.estimatedB.evaluated C.settledD.decided解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 根据上下文，此处指印第安人的教育将得到分析和评估，然后再提出改善的建议，故 B为正确选项。4.（分数：0.50）A.questionB.issueC.aspectD.matter 解析：试题分析 本题为词义辨析题。详细解答 question 指询问问题，尤指讨论中的问题；issue 指引起讨论的问题；aspect 指事物的一个方面；matter 概括一般的事物、事情和问题。此处指又是另一回事，故 D为正确选项。5.（分数：0.50）A.SinceB.Up
30、toC.BeforeD.By the end of 解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 by the end of 指到底为止，符合题意，故为正确选项。since 指自从以来；up to 指直到。6.（分数：0.50）A.yetB.furthermoreC.however D.just the same解析：试题分析 本题为语篇结构题。详细解答 此句为本段的主题句，讲的是越多越多的人融入了美国主流社会。这与上一段讨论的问题相反，故 C为正确选项。7.（分数：0.50）A.availableB.reachableC.suitableD.eligible 解析：试题分析 本题为词义辨析题。详细
31、解答available 指可用的、有效的；reachable 指可达到的；suitable 指合适的、恰当的；eligible指合格的、适合的。此处指胜任各种工作，故 D为正确选项。8.（分数：0.50）A.culturalB.educational C.socialD.severe解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 此处主要讲的是印第安人的教育问题，如果说教育问题解决了，其他各种问题便找到了解决的钥匙，故 B为正确选项。9.（分数：0.50）A.In the futureB.In the pastC.At present D.Maybe解析：试题分析 本题为句法题。详细解答 从后面文字的
32、时态可知此处讲的是目前的情况，故 C为正确选项。10.（分数：0.50）A.realizeB.assimilateC.acknowledgeD.revitalize 解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 realize 指意识到；assimilate 指同化，吸收；acknowledge 指承认；revitalize 指使新生，使恢复活力。此处指重视土著文化的辉煌，故 D为正确选项。11.（分数：0.50）A.reserveB.converseC.detainD.preserve 解析：试题分析 本题为词义辨析题?详细解答 四个选项均含有“拥有人或物、或者置人或物于自己的控制之下”的意思。r
33、eserve 指为了其他的用途或将来的用途而保存；conserve 指以防变化、损失或破坏而保存；detain 表示出于合情合理的原因或由于自私，任性等因素而迟迟不肯松手； preserve 一般指为了防止损害、变质等而保存。此处指保留印第安特有的文化，而不被同化，故 D为正确选项。12.（分数：0.50）A.non-Indian B.IndianC.previousD.former解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 此句包含一个比较状语从句，连词 than之前出现了印第安人(Indians)，而该空后面出现了美国同胞(fellow Americans)，由此可见此处是印第安人与非印第安美
34、国人之间的比较，故 A为正确选项。13.（分数：0.50）A.or B.andC.yetD.but解析：试题分析 本题为句法题。详细解答 比较前后两部分，知此处需要一个选择关系连词，故 A为正确选项。14.（分数：0.50）A.even B.everC.greatlyD.further解析：试题分析 本题为句法题。详细解答 程度副词 even，still，far 等可用在形容词比较级之前，以加强语气，故 A为正确选项。15.（分数：0.50）A.WhatB.WhetherC.ThatD.How 解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 此处应指这些孩子在多大程度上能与主流社会的成员竞争，故 D为
35、正确选项。16.（分数：0.50）A.agreeableB.regardlessC.familiar D.sympathetic解析：试题分析 本题为固定搭配。详细解答 agreeable 一般和介词 to搭配，指宜人的，准备同意的；regardless 一般和介词 of搭配指无论，不管；familiar with 是固定搭配，指对熟悉，了解；sympathetic 指有同情心的。此处考虑固定搭配，故 C为正确选项。17.（分数：0.50）A.predicamentB.dilemmaC.scrapeD.plight 解析：试题分析 本题为词义辨析题。详细解答 四个选项为同义词，均指不良的或尴尬
36、的处境。predicament 指不能自拔的境地或难以解决的问题和困难；dilemma 指进退维谷，不得已只好求其一；scrape 指由于愚笨或欠考虑之行为所造成的困境和困难；plight 指不幸、不愉快的，甚至难堪的情形。此处指美国的印第安人可怜的教育情况，故 D为正确选项。18.（分数：0.50）A.wouldB.should C.couldD.might解析：试题分析 本题为句法题。详细解答 此处指应倡导、鼓励土著文化，故 B为正确选项。19.（分数：0.50）A.in favor of B.on behalf ofC.side by side withD.far behind解析：试题
37、分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 in favor of 指有利于，赞同；on behalf of 指代表；side by side with 指与肩并肩；far behind指远远落后于。此处指拥护印第安人，故 A为正确选项。20.（分数：0.50）A.enforced B.overallC.contemptuousD.unbelievable解析：试题分析 本题为语义题。详细解答 enforced 指强化的，被迫的；overall 指总体的，全部的；contemptuous 指显示轻蔑的；unbelievable指难以置信的。此处印第安文化被迫被主流文化同化，故 A为正确选项。三、Sectio
38、n Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.The experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago _.（分数：2.00）A.couldn t prove that sleep mattersB.allowed the control rats as much sleep as possibleC.showed that sleep is still fu
39、ndamentally mysteryD.kept the experimental rats up all day and all night 解析：试题分析 本题为细节题。详细解答 第二段第二句说，他们在可控制睡眠时间的环境中让实验鼠日夜不睡觉。“around the chock”即意为“all day and all night”，故 D为正确答案。22.Why does the writer say “You might be forgiven for thinking that . “?（分数：2.00）A.Solving the mystery of sleeping and wa
40、king requires new insights.B.Most of the other things people do regularly are biologically straightforward.C.The problem sounds rather grand.D.We still lack for progress though we ve spent much more time studying it. 解析：试题分析 本题为推理题。详细解答 问为什么作者说人们认为睡眠研究人员整天睡大觉是情有可原的。第一段第二、三句说，对于吃喝拉撒等人类活动，研究人员已了如指掌；而对
41、于占据人们日常生活更多时间的睡眠，虽然进行了长期的探索，但至今仍是一个迷。这是对第一句的解释。D 项与该信息符合，故为正确答案。23.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Dr. Everson announced the conclusion of the experiments that sleep is needed for resistance to infection. B.Carol Everson repeated the experiments led
42、by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago.C.Carol has been a graduate student at the University of Chicago.D.Carol s later experiment found some similarities between sleep-deprived rates and many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients.解析：试题分析 本题为正误判断题。详细解答 问根据短文，以
43、下哪项论述不正确。第三段最后一句说，虽然 Everson博士并未公开声明她已掌握了确凿的证据证明睡眠对人体免疫力是必不可少的，但是她的研究确实说明了这一点，而世界各地的研究人员也得到了类似结论。A 项与该信息相悖，故为正确答案。24.The protein found by Peter Shiromani _.（分数：2.00）A.eventually revealed the function o? sleepB.built up at high levels in chronically sleep-deprived ratsC.was similar to that found by r
44、esearchers at the University of Veron D.lasted for only 45 minutes解析：试题分析 本题为细节题。详细解答 第四段倒数第二句说，在 Veron大学的研究人员找到了类似的东西，C 项与本信息一致，故为正确答案。注意 B项中是 rats，而不是 cats，易被读者忽略。25.The writer seems to think that _.（分数：2.00）A.new ways of inducing sleep is still beyond man s knowledgeB.consciousness is a crucial p
45、art in sleep research C.the understanding of the purpose of sleep is still hard to achieveD.we ve got new insights into the consciousness解析：试题分析 本题为态度题。详细解答 注意本题的题干(作者似乎认为)，因此答案只能是间接结论。C 项虽然与短文信息一致，但是是直接提到的，而第五段主要论述的是有关人类潜意识的研究，可以据此推断作者认为潜意识是睡眠研究中的关键环节，故 B为正确选项。六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.The writer
46、wants to tell us that _.（分数：2.00）A.Einstein is one of the great scientists in the worldB.Einstein was too naive in politicsC.Einstein was also a great politicianD.Einstein was also involved in politics in his lifetime as a great scientist 解析：试题分析 本题为态度题。详细解答 问本文作者想讲的是什么。纵观全文，作者主要讲的是爱因斯坦作为一位伟大的科学家其不为人知的政治轶事。A，爱因斯坦是世界上的最伟大的科学家之一；B，爱因斯坦在政治上太天真；C，爱因斯坦同样是一位伟大的科学家，均不符合短文大意。而 D作为一名伟大的科学家爱因斯坦在其一生中也被卷入了政治，符合短文大意，故为正确选项。27.What does the writer mean by saying “But these were not just the isolated actions of a scientist“ ?（分数：2.00）A.Einstein was not isolated
