1、考研英语-858 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)By almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try (1) Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult (2) the Santana High School shootin
2、gs. Even before the (3) Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that (4) treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D. A. ( district attorney) in the U. S. to (5) his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June,
3、 Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape (6) and see ff any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victoriesthis time playing for the other team. “I think people misunderstand being conservative (7) being biased,“ says Pfingst
4、. “I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting (8) people in jail.“Around the U. S. , flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, (9) , there was an awkward pause. (10) , each DNA test costs as much as $ 5,000. Then theres th
5、e (11) risk: if dozens of innocents (12 , the D.A. will have indicted his shop.(13) nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingsts team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started (14) DNA testing. They discard cases if t
6、he defendant has been released. Of the 560 (15) files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still (16) innocence.They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man (17) 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartme
7、nt. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the (18) shirttoo small a (19) to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. (20) by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits.（分数：10.00）A.criminalB.suspectC.studen
8、tD.executiveA.forB.onC.withD.atA.incidentB.comedyC.accidentD.tragedyA.requiresB.recommendsC.mandatesD.enforcesA.launchB.rationalizeC.motivateD.dedicateA.conclusionsB.convictionsC.accusationsD.justificationsA.forB.asC.withD.intoA.guiltyB.suspiciousC.innocentD.evilA.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.co
9、nsequentlyA.In particularB.After allC.In factD.By ContrastA.potentialB.transparentC.intentionalD.considerateA.turn downB.turn upC.turn onD.turn offA.ButB.ThoughC.BecauseD.HoweverA.traditionalB.randomC.routineD.customaryA.availableB.accessibleC.recognizableD.remainingA.claimB.declareC.inquireD.procla
10、imA.observingB.servingC.sentencingD.inhabitingA.victimsB.defendantsC.clientsD.prosecutorsA.exampleB.therapyC.sampleD.recipeA.SeducedB.MotivatedC.StimulatedD.Inspired二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Earlier this summer Arnold Schwarzenegger, California
11、s governor, said that the states penal system was “falling apart in front of our very eyes“. Indeed so. Some 172,000 inmates are crowded into institutionsfrom the states 33 prisons to its 12 “community correctional facilities“that are meant to house fewer than 90,000. Drug abuse is rampant; so too a
12、re diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. Race-based gangs pose the constant threat of violence, riot and even murder. And with more than 16,000 prisoners sleeping in prison gymnasiums and classrooms, rehabilitation programs are virtually non-existentwhich helps to explain why two-thirds of Californi
13、as convicts, the highest rate in the country, are back in prison within three years of being released. Will the governors summons of a special session of the state legislature, beginning this week, bring a remedy? The reason for the session is to discuss Mr Schwarzeneggers request for almost $ 5.8 b
14、illion of public money to be pumped into the prison system. Bonds for $ 2 billion would finance ten 500-bed “re-entry facilities“ for prisoners nearing the end of their sentences; another $ 2 billion would expand existing prisons; $1.2 billion would be earmarked for two new prisons; and $ 50Om would
15、 go for new prison hospitals.Money alone will provide neither an immediate solution nor a lasting one. The first problem is that California simply puts too many offenders in prison. The imprisonment rate, which has risen almost eight-fold since 1970 and is way ahead of any European country, has cons
16、istently meant overcrowding despite the construction of 22 new prisons in the past 20 years.The 1994 “three-strikes“ law, approved by voters in a referendum, means handing out 25-years-to-life sentences for often trivial third offences-and results in the growing presence in prison of elderly inmates
17、 who cost the taxpayer far more than the average of $ 34,000 a prisoner. Meanwhile, the practice of returning parole violators to prison, even for relatively trivial missteps such as missing a drugs test, also strains the system; some 11% of inmates are parole violators. Added to all these are more
18、than 5,000 illegal immigrants being held on behalf of the federal government.The second problem is that any attempt to reform Californias penal policy becomes hostage to politics. Two years ago, the governor was expressing optimism. He added the word “rehabilitation“ to Californias department of cor
19、rections, appointed Rod Hickman, a reformminded former prison guard, to oversee the system and promised to lessen the power of the 31,000-strong prison guards union, not least by breaking the “code of silence“ that protects corrupt or violent guards. But that was then. The reality now is that Mr Hic
20、kman resigned in March. Evidence indicates that the governors office may have given the code of silence in Californias prisons a new lease on life.Many experts say that with no moderation in sentencing policies on the horizon, the prison population is expected to grow by another 21,0O0 over the next
21、 five yearsenough to outpace any prison-building program. Thus, the dream of prison reforms will never touch the ground.（分数：10.00）(1).By quoting governor Schwarzeneggers remark, the author intends to（分数：2.00）A.emphasize the fact that Schwarzenegger is still in his office.B.show the fact that drug ab
22、use is rampant in prisons.C.point out that California has the highest convict rate in the US.D.introduce the topic of overcrowding problem in California prisons.(2).According to the passage, California has the highest rate of returning prisoners because（分数：2.00）A.the prisons in California are too cr
23、owded.B.the prisons failed to rehabilitate the prisoners.C.the prisoners can sleep in the gymnasiums and classrooms.D.the prisoners are released after only three years of imprisonment.(3).Arnold Schwarzenegger calls for a legislation session because（分数：2.00）A.he wants to raise more money to enhance
24、prison facilities.B.he believes public money should be responsible for prison construction.C.he realizes the problem with prisons is a lack of investment.D.he plans to win a second term for his governorship.(4).Which of the following is true about the “three-strikes“ law?（分数：2.00）A.It actually waste
25、s more resources in terms of finance.B.It is approved by voters to save money for the taxpayers.C.It severely punishes those who violate the law for the third time.D.It increases the cost of keeping a prisoner to $34,000.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.the “code of silence“ of
26、ten helps protect guards from violence.B.the governors office has decided to give a new life to the prisons.C.the solution to overpopulation in prisons lies in softening sentences.D.the prison population calls for more prison-building programs.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Ted Kennedy gazes from the
27、windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors “Golden Stairs, where all eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility“. Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat m
28、ost prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steel) climb ahead of him.As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas broken immigration system in s
29、everal ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320kin) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18 000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers verily t
30、hat all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hire illegals.As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that Would encourage further waves of illegal immigration
31、. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as “so limited its almost a joke“. Conservative talkradio echoed his call. No one is
32、seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced.Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a ready pool of labor that they
33、can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections“ for everyone else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400 000 to 200 000 people a year.Employers like the idea of more legal migrants but
34、worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even ff only one employee in a hundred is falsely label
35、led illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand.Other group
36、s have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is “about families a
37、nd family values“. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a domestic success.Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if they work hard and beha
38、ve.（分数：10.00）(1).Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph to（分数：2.00）A.introduce the main topic of immigration law reforming.B.remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility.C.stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage.D.emphasize the fact that even a
39、Senator is a descendant of immigrants.(2).Which of the following is true about the present bill?（分数：2.00）A.The bill is widely supported by various political strips.B.The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants.C.The bill is designed to improve American immigration system.D.The bill
40、will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired.(3).The word “stoned“ (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.stiffened.B.constructed.C.criticized.D.supported(4).It can inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.the common citizens in the US tend to accept well-behaved illegals.B.the demo
41、crats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving success.C.employers are the only group that enthusiastically support the new bill.D.illegal immigrants always know where their skills are in great demand.(5).The authors attitude towards this immigration reform seems to be（分数：2.00）A.supportive.B
42、.objective.C.confused.D.optimistic六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Prince Klemens Von ,Metternich, foreign minister of the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic era and its aftermath, would have no trouble recognizing Google. To him, the worlds most popular web-search engine would closely resemble the Napole
43、onic France that in his youth humiliated Austria and Europes other. powers. Its rivalsYahoo!, the largest of the traditional web gateways, eBay, the biggest online auction and trading site, and Microsoft, a software empire that owns MSN, a struggling web portalwould look a lot like Russia, Prussia,
44、and Austria. Metternich responded by forging an alliance among those three monarchies to create a “balance of power“ against France. Googles enemies, he might say, ought now to do the same thing.Google announced two new conquests on August 7th. It struck a deal with Viacom, an “old“ media firm, unde
45、r which it will syndicate video clips from Viacom brands such as MTV and Nickelodeon to other websites, and integrate advertisements into them. This makes Google the clear leader in the fledgling but promising market for web-video advertising. It also announced a deal with News Corporation, another
46、media giant, under which it will pro- vide all the search and text-advertising technology on News Corporations websites, including MySpace, an enormously popular social-networking site.These are hard blows for Yahoo! and MSN, which had also been negotiating with News Corporation. Both firms have bee
47、n losing market share in web search to Google over the past yearGoogle now has half the market. They have also fallen further behind in their advertising technologies and networks, so that both make less money than Google does from the same number of searches. Sara Rashtchy, an analyst at Piper Jaff
48、ray, a securities firm, estimates that for every advertising dollar that Google makes on a search query, Yahoo! makes only 60-70 cents. Last month Yahoo! said that a new advertising algorithm that it had designed to close the gap in profitability will be delayed, and its share price fell by 22% , it
49、s biggest-ever one-day drop.MSN is further behind Google than Yahoo ! in search, and its parent, Microsoft, faces an even more fundamental threat from the expansionist new power. Many of Googles new ventures beyond web search enable users to do things free of charge through their web browsers that they now do using Microsoft software on their personal computers. Google offers a rudimentary but free online word processor and spreadsheet, for instance.The smaller eBay, on the other hand, might in one sense claim Google as an ally. Googles search re
