1、考研英语-853 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)German Chancellor Angela Merkel won over German voters in the Federal Election on Sept. 27. Can she now be won over by a French charm offensive (1) at repairing the relationship that was once at the heart of Europe? Thats the qu
2、estion being asked in Paris, (2) top government officials are (3) talking about their desire to rekindle closer ties (4) their neighbors across the Rhine. (5) the end of World War II the Franco-German relationship has been the motor of European integration, the (6) force behind the creation of the E
3、uropean Union and, more recently, the introduction of the euro. But the ardor has (7) in this decade, particularly under Merkel, who has regularly struggled to (8) her irritation with French President Nicolas Sarkozys grandstanding. Sarkozy, (9) , has often been impatient with what he (10) Merkels l
4、ack of resolve. The sometimes (11) personal rapport is a long way from the public shows of affection their predecessors staged, particularly Helmut Kohl and FranCois Mitterrand, who movingly held (12) in 1984 in a Verdun cemetery. Theres been tension on (13) , too. Charles Grant, director of the Lon
5、don-based think tank Centre for European Reform, points out that France and Germany have been (14) on issues from how best to reflate their economies during the economic (15) to the smartest strategies for dealing with Russia. But influential movers in France are now (16) to put the relationship bac
6、k on a friendlier footing. In a recent paper French think tank Institute Montaigne (17) an ambitious agenda for the two nations, (18) that a new impetus is needed if Europes voice is to be heard in a world (19) of big new players, such as Brazil and India, and at a time when President Obama seems fa
7、x more (20) with China and the rest of Asia than with Americas traditional allies in Europe.（分数：10.00）A.conductedB.struckC.intendedD.aimedA.whichB.thatC.whereD.whenA.confidentiallyB.openlyC.zealouslyD.conservativelyA.towardsB.withC.againstD.offA.SinceB.BeforeC.AtD.ForA.armedB.interruptiveC.influenti
8、alD.drivingA.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.moderatedD.cooledA.recoverB.discoverC.concealD.revealA.on the wholeB.in turnC.on the other handD.on the contraryA.constructsB.convincesC.concealsD.considersA.soundB.harmoniousC.tenseD.hostileA.conferencesB.handsC.opportunitiesD.prejudicesA.principleB.businessC.
9、cooperationD.policyA.at the costB.at peaceC.at oddsD.at a lossA.dangerB.warC.crisisD.timeA.eagerB.delightedC.worriedD.reluctantA.turned outB.laid outC.made outD.gave outA.agreeingB.criticizingC.arguingD.opposingA.filledB.lackC.voidD.fullA.stimulatedB.preoccupiedC.concentratedD.accustomed二、Section Re
10、ading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Rarely do major diseases have a single cause. They are usually the result of a complex interaction between many factors, including genetic, environmental and lifestyle components. Many media reports, however, can tead us to believ
11、e that if we gave up something that we might otherwise enjoy, we could completely escape that particular affliction. Clearly, this is not the case. Vegetarians die of cancer of the colon (结肠). Teetotallers die of liver complaints, including cirrhosis (硬化). People who never go out in the sun contract
12、 skin melanomas (黑素瘤). Always, there are other factors at work than the single element being examined in a scientific study. Quite often the alleged benefits of a particular nutritional element are the result not so much of the element itself but of the lifestyle and general diet of the people who c
13、onsume it most. People who eat lots of “healthy“ foods, including fiber, carrots, broccoli etc. , also tend to drink less alcohol, take more exercise, avoid too many fatty foods and smoke less. Only when a study can rule out all of these other factors and often we do not know what these factors migh
14、t be can we say that there is a causal link between two things. That is not to say that things like fiber and broccoli have no beneficial effects at all. But those with sedentary lifestyles cannot expect these foods to make them healthy. There is, however, one thing which increases the likelihood of
15、 dying relatively young, even when all of the other factors have been taken into account. It is one of the biggest killers even among those who lead lifestyles which, by any criteria, are clearly healthy ones. This single, incontrovertible risk factor is that of being poor. Recent report from the Ca
16、ncer Research Campaign suggested that 12 700 deaths could have been avoided between 1986 and 1990 if inequalities in cancer care did not exist in England and Wales. Comparing cancer survival rates, the study found that England and Wales fared unfavorably with Europe and the US, but the most affluent
17、 regions of these two countries exhibited similar figures to the European average. In an attempt to counter this disparity the government has announced plans for the provision of Health Action Zones which seek to encourage greater cooperation between health and social services, targeting both rural
18、and inner city areas. The emphasis of this new scheme however appears to focus on inadequacies within health education in these areas, rather than attacking the broader issues of social inequality.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what are we likely to read in many media reports?（分数：2.
19、00）A.A particular disease is associated with a single cause.B.We should enjoy as many things as possible.C.We can never understand how different factors interact to cause a disease.D.A disease is caused more by genes than by lifestyles.(2).The fact that a vegetarian can die of colon cancer indicates
20、 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the colon is sensitive to vegetablesB.people should eat different kinds of vegetables rather than oneC.colon cancer is not tied to a particular foodD.colon cancer is caused by a single unknown cause(3).According to the author, fiber and broccoli are the so-called “healthy“ foods b
21、ecause _.（分数：2.00）A.they are only part of a general diet and lifestyle that contribute to good healthB.the benefits of these foods are still unknownC.the foods do not benefit people with sedentary lifestylesD.people who eat these foods tend to adopt unhealthy lifestyles(4).Cancer survival rates foun
22、d in the study were lower in Wales than in the US because _.（分数：2.00）A.people in Wales eat more unhealthy food than people in the USB.people in Wales are poorer than people in the USC.people in Wales are richer than people in the USD.cancers in Wales are caused by more complex factors than those in
23、the US(5).According to the author, to reduce cancer deaths in England and Wales, the government should _.（分数：2.00）A.sponsor more cancer researchB.run health education programs in rural and inner city areasC.attack the issues of social inequalityD.advise its people to obtain medical insurance五、Text 2
24、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)She knew how to make an entrance. Her dark hair cut in a severe pageboy, Ayn Rand would sweep into a room with a long black cape, a dollar-sign pin on her lapel and an ever present cigarette in an ivory holder. Melodramatic, yes, but Rand didnt have time to be subtle. She had million
25、s of people to convert to objectivism, her philosophy of radical individualism, limited government and avoidance of altruism and religion. Her adoring followers-some called them a cult-revered her as the high priestess of laissez-faire capitalism until her death in 1982 at age 77. The bad economy ha
26、s been good news for Rands legacy. Her fierce denunciations of government regulation have sent sales of her two best-known novels, The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged, soaring. Yet her me-first brand of capitalism has been exccoriated (严厉批评) for fomenting (引发) the recent financial crisis. And her mo
27、st famous former acolyte-onetime Fed chairman Alan Greenspan-has been blamed for inflating the housing bubble by refusing to intervene in the market. In the midst of the newly rekindled debate, two excellent biographies have just been published: Ayn Rand and the World She Made, by Anne C. Heller (Do
28、ubleday; 592 pages), is a comprehensive study, in novelistic detail, of Rands personal life, and Goddess of the Market : Ayn Rand and the American Right, by Jenniter Burns (Oxford; 369 pages), leans more heavily on Rands theories and politics. From her earliest years, Rand was a woman on a mission.
29、Born in 1905 to a bourgeois Jewish family in St. Petersburg, Rand was 12 when the Bolshevik Revolution took place. Her family, suddenly poor, was forced to flee, and Rands hatred of communism and any sort of collectivism would guide her life. Arriving in the US in 1926 with a new name, Ayn (rhymes w
30、ith fine) made her way to Hollywood, where she had modest success as a screenwriter and married an aspiring actor, Frank OConnor. Her politicization came when she and her husband worked on Republican Wendell Willkies losing presidential campaign in 1940. According to Burns, “Before Willkie she had b
31、een pro-capitalist yet pessimistic, writing The capitalist world is low, unprincipled, and corrupt. Now she celebrated capitalism as the noblest, cleanest and most idealistic system of all. “ The Fountainhead, an epic novel chronicling the struggles of an architect named Howard Roark against convent
32、ional values, was her breakout work. In her race to get the sprawling 700-page book to press, she began taking the amphetamine Benzedrine (一种兴奋剂的名称) to fuel her efforts. “Rand used it to power her last months of work on the novel, including several 24-hour sessions correcting page proofs,“ writes Bu
33、rns. The book brought Rand financial security and fame.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “Melodramatic“ (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.ExaggeratedB.MelodicC.DecentD.Dramatical(2).Ayn Rands standpoint does NOT include _.（分数：2.00）A.radical individualismB.laissez-faire capitalismC.racial
34、 discriminationD.avoidance of altruism and religion(3).Why is the bad economy good news for Rands legacy?（分数：2.00）A.Because it made her books sell well.B.Because there was excoriation towards her books.C.Because she was a modest successful writer.D.Because her viewpoint triggered the recent financia
35、l crisis.(4).What do we learn about Ayn Rand?（分数：2.00）A.She was born in a proletarian Jewish family.B.She liked communism and any sort of colleetivism.C.She and her husband had never worked for Republican.D.Her original name wasnt Ayn.(5).The best title for the text is _.（分数：2.00）A.Ayn Rands StoryB.
36、Ayn Rands BooksC.Ayn Rand: Extremist or VisionaryD.Adoration of Ayn Rand六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As summer rolls around, lawmakers in Washington are preparing to vote on a jobs bill that would include $1 billion for summer jobs for teens. Much of the urgency for the program stems from the private-sec
37、tor plunge in summer jobs for teenagers over the past few years. Its no secret that the recession walloped teens jobs as much as it did their parents. But some economists find the clamor for public jobs programs a little ironic, given last years midrecession minimum wage increase, which may have red
38、uced teen employment even beyond the recessionary drop. Before the minimum wage jumped to $ 7.25 an hour last summer, University of California-Irvine economist David Neumark estimated that it would lead to an additional 300 000 job losses for teens and young adults. The 2009 wage increase was set in
39、 motion in a better labor market in May 2007, when Congress voted to boost the minimum from $ 5.15 an hour to $ 7.25 an hour over the course of the next two years. Its hard to parse the jobs lost because of the recession and those lost because of the minimum wage increase-theres no direct evaluation
40、 of the impact of the wage increase yet-but its likely that raising the wage floor contributed to the record-high teen unemployment rates, Neumark says. “Almost everyone accepts that minimum wages decrease employment or likely increase unemployment of the least-skilled,“ he says. Neumark advocated f
41、or delaying last years increase. The unemployment rate for teenagers was 25.4 percent in April, compared with 9.9 percent overall, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Teens generally have higher unemployment rates. In November 2007, the month before the start of the recession, the unemploym
42、ent rate for the overall population was 4. 7 percent, versus 16. 2 percent for workers aged 16 to 19. Teen employment has been declining for some time. The percentage of teens with jobs has fallen from about 57 percent in 1989 to about 40 percent in 2007 (both dates reflect healthy economies). The r
43、easons are diverse. For one thing, increased school enrollment appears to account for about a third of that decline, according to the Economic Policy Institute. “For teens, there has been a remarkable long-term shift from summer employment to summer enrollment,“ reports EPI economist Heidi Shierholz
44、. One of the critical issues for job-seeking teens is the changing face of the competition, which is increasingly skilled. “Not only are they competing with each other for available positions, but they are competing with recent college graduates and job seekers who have two or more years of on-the-j
45、ob experience and are willing to take almost any position that provides a steady paycheck,“ says John Challenger of outplacement firm Challenger, Gray 592 pages), is a comprehensive study, in novelistic detail, of Rands personal life, and Goddess of the Market : Ayn Rand and the American Right, by J
46、enniter Burns (Oxford; 369 pages), leans more heavily on Rands theories and politics. From her earliest years, Rand was a woman on a mission. Born in 1905 to a bourgeois Jewish family in St. Petersburg, Rand was 12 when the Bolshevik Revolution took place. Her family, suddenly poor, was forced to fl
47、ee, and Rands hatred of communism and any sort of collectivism would guide her life. Arriving in the US in 1926 with a new name, Ayn (rhymes with fine) made her way to Hollywood, where she had modest success as a screenwriter and married an aspiring actor, Frank OConnor. Her politicization came when
48、 she and her husband worked on Republican Wendell Willkies losing presidential campaign in 1940. According to Burns, “Before Willkie she had been pro-capitalist yet pessimistic, writing The capitalist world is low, unprincipled, and corrupt. Now she celebrated capitalism as the noblest, cleanest and
49、 most idealistic system of all. “ The Fountainhead, an epic novel chronicling the struggles of an architect named Howard Roark against conventional values, was her breakout work. In her race to get the sprawling 700-page book to press, she began taking the amphetamine Benzedrine (一种兴奋剂的名称) to fuel her efforts. “Rand used it to power her last months of work on the novel, including several 24-hour sessions correcting page proofs,“ writes Burns. The book brought Rand financial security and fame.（分数：10.00）(1).The w
