1、考研英语-833 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and (1) millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions (2)
2、 as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit (3) from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (4) each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly (5) crowds of over 20, 000. Basketballs national collegiate championship game
3、 is a TV (6) on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, (7) perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (8) ones TV set and see the top athletic programs from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford (9) in front of packed houses and nationa
4、l TV audiences.The athletes themselves are (10) and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify (11) teenagers and then go into high schools to (12) the countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about (13) coaches can recruit no recruiting calls after 9 p. m
5、., only one official visit to a campus but they are often bent and sometimes (14) . Top college football programs (15) scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive (16) campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc.In return, the players (17) th
6、e program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (18) two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp (19) and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins (
7、20) . During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.（分数：10.00）A.attributeB.distributeC.devoteD.attachA.outB.byC.inD.backA.apparentlyB.indirectlyC.regularlyD.greatlyA.compete forB.compete inC.com
8、pete againstD.compete overA.drawB.amuseC.governD.handleA.spectatorB.spectacleC.spectrumD.speculationA.saveB.includingC.evenD.andA.flick onB.flap atC.fling awayD.flush outA.fightingB.campaigningC.battlingD.contestingA.recruitedB.reconciledC.rectifiedD.reservedA.promisingB.pleasingC.prominentD.profess
9、ionalA.contriveB.convinceC.convertD.convictA.whichB.whatC.howD.whetherA.ignoredB.neglectedC.rememberedD.noticedA.offerB.affordC.prizeD.rewardA.inB.onC.atD.aroundA.commit themselves toB.commit themselves onC.commute themselves toD.comply themselves toA.work inB.work outC.work overD.work offA.recallsB
10、.enlistsC.convenesD.collectsA.in principleB.in confidenceC.in nameD.in earnest二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the relationship of education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which most business pla
11、ces upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university system. The notion th
12、at business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as a ill-mannered and simple-minded
13、person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Businessmen are not mobile balance
14、sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering the exuberance of
15、 the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soarings of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.Any group of people necessarily represents
16、an approach to a common one, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thinkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more prevalent or any more exacting in the business fie
17、ld than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and requires less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size the government, or the academic world
18、, or certainly the military.（分数：10.00）(1).The paradox in the relationship of education to business is that（分数：2.00）A.businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it.B.businessmen show both contempt and respect for noble activities.C.there are both highly intellectual and uneducated
19、 businessmen.D.there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals.(2).The word “Philistines“ (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.intellectuals.B.those who are sophisticated.C.those who are ungraceful.D.those who are uneducated.(3).There isnt a st
20、ereotyped businessman because（分数：2.00）A.businessmen represent a cross section of society.B.businessmen are not ordinary people.C.businessmen are people with strong personality.D.there is considerable mobility in the vocation.(4).According to the text, the distortion of the image of the businessmen i
21、s the result of（分数：2.00）A.prevalent egoism among businessmen.B.sheer misunderstanding from others.C.racial discrimination.D.the fierce social competition.(5).According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.People in all vocations are unwilling to conform to a general patte
22、rn.B.Conformity is a special characteristic of business.C.Businessmen are all original thinkers.D.Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other professions.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems
23、. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted
24、 disposal methods have thus far been developed.Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste
25、that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.Waste also
26、presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled
27、.Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unl
28、ess they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that
29、 the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In po
30、orer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, w
31、ants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.（分数：10.00）(1).Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Waste is everywhere.B.Waste is very harmful.C.Waste should be treated
32、universally.D.Waste can be an opportunity.(2).Waste firms expect a great development in China, India and Brazil because（分数：2.00）A.those economies have a large amount of waste to be treated.B.those economies develop fast but spend little on waste business.C.those economies welcome waste firms to run
33、business there.D.those economies pay more attention to environmental protection.(3).Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason that（分数：2.00）A.clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.B.they will have no resources to use in a world without waste in the future
34、.C.low prices for recycling products leave little margin to make money.D.governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis.(4).According to the authors ideal, products with high prices（分数：2.00）A.would be hard to be disposed of.B.should be really valuable.C.would create less wast
35、e.D.should be in strict regulation.(5).Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.B.Californias “zero waste” program makes no environmental sense.C.More taxes are needed to collect and treat the waste efficien
36、tly.D.Governments policies on waste industry are largely incoherent.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environm
37、entally, and ethically beneficial.People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they a
38、re more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting
39、 enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier.Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals
40、are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the US are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Uni
41、tes States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinemen
42、t. Chickens and other birds have only about half. a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth
43、and tails are removed as soon as they are born.Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and to the health of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of t
44、he following is true according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?（分数：2.00）A.A diet without meat cannot supply enough protein.B.Nearly all the food we eat contains protein.C.Its difficult to get enough nutrients in a meatless diet.D.Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.(2).In the
45、third paragraph, the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.food will be insufficient if animals are not eaten.B.lots of food and water are consumed by cattle.C.a meat-reduced diet is environmentally beneficial.D.animals are raised for human food.(3).Why do some people become vegetarians?（分数：2.00）A.Because t
46、hey want to develop a strong immune system.B.Because some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.C.Because fruits and vegetables contain more nutrients.D.Because they consider eating animals as unethical.(4).Chickens and pigs are cited as examples to show that（分数：2.00）A.raising livestock i
47、s unethical.B.eating animals is unethical.C.livestock is confined to a very small space.D.being a vegetarian is beneficial to animals health.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Advantages of Eating Less MeatB.Why People Become VegetarianC.Environment and Me
48、atless DietD.Saving Cattle and Chickens七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in t
49、heir initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers.Its not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they cant be forced, ” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark,
