1、考研英语-81 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who
2、 isU (1) /Uonly among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, U(2) /Uembarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening toU (3) /Uthe truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a c
3、orner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. U(4) /U, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, U(5) /Ubroken, makes the offender immediately the object ofU (6) /U.It has been known as a fact that a British has aU (7) /Ufor the discussio
4、n of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about itU (8) /U. Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldomU (9) /Uforecast and hence becomes a source of interest andU (10) /Uto everyone. This may be so. U(11) /Ua British cannot have muchU (12) /Uin the weathermen,
5、 who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrongU (13) /Ua cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate or as inaccurate as the weathermen in hisU (14) /U.Foreigners may be surprised at the number
6、of referencesU (15) /Uweather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings areU (16) /Uby comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it?“ “Beautiful!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?“ U(17) /Uthe foreigner may consider
7、this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. U(18) /Uhe wants to start a conversation with a British but isU (19) /Uto know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which willU (20) /Uan answer fro
8、m even the most reserved of the British.（分数：10.00）A.relaxedB.frustratedC.amusedD.exhaustedA.yetB.otherwiseC.evenD.soA.experienceB.witnessC.watchD.undergoA.DeliberatelyB.ConsequentlyC.FrequentlyD.ApparentlyA.unlessB.onceC.whileD.asA.suspicionB.oppositionC.criticismD.praiseA.emotionB.fancyC.likenessD.
9、judgmentA.at lengthB.to a great extentC.from his heartD.by all meansA.followsB.predictsC.defiesD.supportsA.dedicationB.compassionC.contemplationD.speculationA.StillB.AlsoC.CertainlyD.FundamentallyA.faithB.relianceC.honorD.creditA.ifB.onceC.whenD.whereasA.propositionsB.predictionsC.approvalD.defiance
10、A.aboutB.onC.inD.toA.startedB.conductedC.replacedD.proposedA.SinceB.AlthoughC.HoweverD.Only ifA.Even ifB.BecauseC.IfD.ForA.at a lossB.at lastC.in groupD.on the occasionA.stimulateB.constituteC.furnishD.provoke二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answe
11、r the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)BText 1/BLike the look of our website? Whatever the answer, the chances are you made your mind up within the first twentieth of a second. A study by researchers in Canada has shown that the snap
12、 decisions Internet users make about the quality of a web page have a lasting impact on their opinions.We all know that first impressions count, but this study shows that the brain can make flash judgments almost as fast as the eye can take in the information. “My colleagues believed it would be imp
13、ossible to really see anything in less than 500 milliseconds,“ says Gitte Lindgaard of Carleton University in Ottawa. Instead they found that impressions were made in the first 50 milliseconds of viewing.Lindgaard and her team presented volunteers with the briefest glimpses of web pages previously r
14、ated as being either easy on the eye or particularly unpleasant, and asked them to rate the websites on a sliding scale of visual appeal. Even though the images flashed up for just 50 milliseconds, roughly the duration of a single frame of standard television shot, their decisions tallied well with
15、judgments made after a longer period of examination.In the crowded and competitive world of the web, companies hoping to make millions from e-commerce should take notice.“ Unless the first impression is favorable, visitors will be out of your site before they even know that you might be offering mor
16、e than your competitors,“ Lindgaard warns.For a typical commercial website, 60% of traffic comes from search engines such as Google. This makes a users first impression even more critical. The lasting effect of first impressions is known to psychologists as the “halo effect“: if you can snare people
17、 with an attractive design, they are more likely to overlook other minor faults with the site, and may rate its actual content more favorably.This is because of “cognitive bias“. People enjoy being right, so continuing to use a website that gave a good first impression helps to “prove“ to themselves
18、 that they made a good initial decision. “Its awfully scary stuff, but the tendency to jump to conclusions is far more widespread than we realize“.These days, enlightened web users want to see a “puritan“ approach. Its about getting information across in the quickest, simplest way possible. For this
19、 reason, many commercial websites now follow a fairly regular set of rules. For example, westerners tend to look at the top-left corner of a page first, so thats where the company logo should go. And most users also expect to see a search function in the top right.Of course, the other golden rule is
20、 to make sure that your web pages load quickly, otherwise your customers might not stick around long enough to make that coveted first impression. “That can be the difference between big business and no business“.（分数：10.00）(1).The study in the text has shown that the first impression of a website is
21、 _（分数：2.00）A.made within a period when the eyes even cannot really catch anything.B.not possible to be created in less than half a second.C.able to be made in 1/20 of a second.D.usually related to the articles of the website.(2).What is extremely important for a company which wants to be competitive
22、 in the market of electronic commerce?（分数：2.00）A.Provide more attractive and useful information than their competitors.B.Have an impressive design which can appeal visitors by a flash judgment.C.Enable visitors to have first impression within 50 milliseconds which accord to that after a long examina
23、tion.D.Eliminate the minor errors in the content of the website.(3).Which of the following websites is most unlikely to be successful?（分数：2.00）A.a website with a lot of pictures of large size.B.a website that puts the logo of the company on the top-left corner.C.a website which can provide a clear o
24、utline in a simple design.D.a website with an appearance that can make your eyes comfortable.(4).The underlined phrase“ halo effect“ (Line 3, Paragraph 5) probably means _（分数：2.00）A.the effect to make people show understandings to faults and errors.B.the effect to bring to a good first impression to
25、 people.C.the effect to make people ignore small mistakes due to a fine impression.D.the effect to enable a website to look more beautiful.(5).Which of the following conflicts with the principle for the construction of a commercial website?（分数：2.00）A.To use informative designs that visitors are accu
26、stomed to.B.To employ more logos and accessories to attract visitors.C.To choose advanced servers and networks to enable the fast loading of the webpage.D.To pay more attention to the impression of the website at the first sight.BText 2/BMy dictionary defines subtle as “not immediately obvious; char
27、acterized by skill or ingenuity; clever; elusive; even insidious.“ Let us look at some concrete instances of this. (The very word itself is an example, as the letter“ b“ is silent in pronunciation.)“Language can be straight-forward and directly to the point, but sometimes that takes the fun out of i
28、t. On occasion, at least, one appreciates subtletiesoften as the mark of a quick wit. This particularly is true of jokes that generally have a double meaning. For example: Awaitress received only three pennies for a tip. Nonplussed, she told the customer that those three pennies told a lot about him
29、. He took the bait and asked what they revealed. “The first penny,“ she said, “tells me you are thrifty.“ The patron agreed. “what does the second penny say?“ asked the customer. “It tells me youre a bachelor.“ “Right again,“ he replied, “And what does the third penny tell you?“ “The third penny,“ r
30、esponded the waitress, “tells me your daddy was a bachelor, too.“ Hows that for a subtle punishment?Subtleties also can be used on occasion for a good putdown. For instance, one can say a certain man was a big gun of industry. “Yes,“ is the counter, “he was fired several times.“ In this category was
31、 Mark Twain s caustic time bomb: “He was a good manin the worst sense of the term.“In our day of political correctness (sometimes called the tyranny of the minority), police seldom talk about suspects, but only about“ persons of interest.“ I guess law enforcement does not want another lawsuit on its
32、 hands. Then, too, with the campaign against fat and fried foods, Kentucky Fried Chicken calls itself KFC, figuring that few will think of “fried“ that way.The meaning of a word or phrase seems to change more rapidly today and unless one is “with it“, a faux pas (失礼) can be committed. Such is the ca
33、se with the term, “an exceptional child.“ Way back when, one would think that referred to an especially bright youngster, whereas today it indicates a handicapped youth. So, too, the word “primitive“ virtually has been erased from our language and replaced with “earlier culture“ and Indians are know
34、n as Native Americans.The world of advertising is a master at subtleties with which it hopes to bamboozle (欺骗) the customer. For instance, when asked how much a gallon of gasoline costs, the reply might be something like $2.25. Yet, one must add a penny to that as a 9/10 follows the price, making it
35、, in effect, $2.26. Cereal prices have skyrocketed over the years, but some companies claim to have held the line by keeping the price the same. What many do, however, is reduce the number of ounces in the package.I leave the reader with the truism that subtlety, not brevity, is the soul of wit. Use
36、 it to win friends and influence people.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “the letter b is silent in pronunciation“, the author wants to indicate that _（分数：2.00）A.One should not omit the letter when spelling the word.B.This word is different from other words in pronunciation.C.The meaning of the word can be i
37、llustrated by the word itself.D.The meaning of the word is implied in the word itself.(2).According to Paragraph 2, the waitress plays tricks on the patron by _（分数：2.00）A.telling him the particular meanings of the three pennies.B.informing him a pun which is intended to insult him indirectly.C.using
38、 a double-meaning joke as a punishment for that few tips.D.explaining to him the implied meaning of the three-pennies.(3).The underlined word “putdown“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.a pun which can be interpreted in both positive and negative ways.B.a tone-twisting joke which
39、 intends to make the hearer puzzled.C.a response by understanding something deliberately in another way.D.an indirect way of saying something to make someone humiliated.(4).Which of the following has nothing to do with political correctness?（分数：2.00）A.Police now seldom talk about “suspects“ but only
40、 about “persons of interest“.B.Burger King rebrands “Whaler“ sandwich as “Big Fish“ with the campaign “Save the Whales“.C.Kentucky Fried Chicken calls itself KFC with the campaign against fat and fried foodsD.“An exceptional child“ indicates a handicapped youth and Indians are known as Native Americ
41、ans.(5).We can infer from the text that the author describe the word “subtlety“ with _（分数：2.00）A.ambiguity.B.apprehension.C.antipathy.D.approval.BText 3/BIN 2005 Congress considered an emergency spending bill that designated $81 billion for military spending and Asian tsunami relief. It passed easil
42、y. A politician would have to be mighty confident to vote against humanitarian aid and supporting the troops.But complaints have steadily grown about a law that came with the spending bill. The Real ID Act of 2005 established national standards for driving licences. By 2008, it said, every state wou
43、ld have to make sure its licences included “physical security features“ and “a common machine readable technology“. A state would be responsible for verifying that anyone applying for licences is in America legally. Only licences that met the new standards would be accepted by the federal government
44、. An American who wanted to fly commercially, or do anything else for which he needed to identify himself, would end up in a queue at the Department of Motor Vehicles.The idea was to make life harder for would-be terrorists. But the scheme will certainly make life harder for the states. The Departme
45、nt of Homeland Security (DHS) reckons that implementing the changes will cost states up to $14.6 billion, with individuals on the line for an additional $8.5 billion. And the federal government plans to meet only a fraction of the cost.Critics also argue that the new licences will amount to national
46、 identification cards and will contain ton much information about the bearer. Immigration advocates say that the Real ID Act unfairly targets illegal immigrants. And from a security standpoint the act raises as many fears as it allays. Licences that meet the revised standards would be rich of sensit
47、ive data. They might prove irresistibly tempting to identity thieves and marketing firms.On January 25th Maine became the first state to oppose the Act. Its legislature passed a resolution refusing to implement the Real ID Act with nearly unanimous support. On March 8th, Idaho approved a similar bil
48、l. Two dozen other states have measures pending that question the act or oppose it outright.On March 1st the DHS issued guidelines for implementing the Real ID Act that manage to ignore most of these objections. The guidelines allow states a bit more time to implement the act. But they give no quart
49、er on the expensive physical security features and suggest that states deal with privacy concerns on their own. And as the National Governors Association promptly noted, they “do nothing“ to address the cost to states.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following consequence might be caused by the 2005 emergency spending bill?（分数：2.00）A.fi
