1、考研英语-806 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)All Sumerian cities recognized a number of gods in common, including the sky god, the lord of storms, and the morning and evening star. (1) the Sumerian worshipped the goddess of fertility, love, and war, she was evidently lower
2、 (2) status than the male gods, indicating that in a more urbanized society the (3) that the peoples of previous times had paid to the earth mother goddess had (4) . The gods seemed hopelessly violent and (5) , and ones life a period of slavery at their easy will. The epic poem The Creation emphasiz
3、es that (6) were created to enable the gods to (7) up working. Each city moreover had its own god, who was considered to (8) the temple literally and who was in theory the owner of all property within the city. (9) the priests who interpreted the will of the god and controlled the (10) of the econom
4、ic produce of the city were favored (11) their supernatural and material functions (12) . When, after 3000 B. C. , growing warfare among the cities made military leadership (13) , the head of the army who became king assumed a(n) (14) position between the god, whose agent he was, and the priestly cl
5、ass, whom he had both to use and to (15) Thus king and priests represented the upper class in a hierarchical society. (16) them were the scribes, the secular attendants of the temple, who (17) every aspect of the citys economic life and who developed a rough judicial system. (18) the temple official
6、s, society was divided among an elite or (19) group of large landowners and military leaders; a mixed group of merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, free peasants who (20) the majority of the population; and slaves.（分数：10.00）A.UnlessB.AsC.LestD.AlthoughA.onB.inC.withD.aboutA.worshipB.reverenceC.admira
7、tionD.gratitudeA.vanishedB.recoveredC.declinedD.attainedA.unpredictableB.unforgivableC.unlimitedD.unlikelyA.creaturesB.animalsC.menD.mortalsA.useB.turnC.giveD.hackA.inhabitB.liveC.resideD.lodgeA.HenceB.ThereafterC.SomehowD.IncidentallyA.introductionB.transactionC.distributionD.provisionA.asB.forC.un
8、derD.oFA.alongB.anywayC.afterwardsD.alikeA.additionalB.vitalC.singularD.exceptionalA.alternativeB.secondaryC.intermediateD.fundamentalA.pacifyB.temptC.suppressD.manipulateA.BesideB.BeyondC.BelowD.BeforeA.supervisedB.heldC.managedD.presidedA.AroundB.UnderC.AboveD.OutsideA.leadingB.nobleC.controllingD
9、.principalA.consistB.composeC.compileD.consume二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Genome Wars had everything: two groups with appealing leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat,
10、 pushing the limits of technology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last one of the 3 billion DNA “letters“ in the human body. The scientific importance of the work is unquestionable. The completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into t
11、he workings of the human body, revolutionizing medicine and biology. But the race itself, between the governments Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Celera Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a genetic lab.Now the race is over
12、. After years of public attacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taking a step toward a period of calm. HOP head Francis Collins (and .Ari Patrinos of the Department of Energy, an important ally on the government side) and Craig Venter, the founder of Celera, agreed t
13、o hold a joint press conference in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over (sort of), that both sides had won (kind of) and that the hostilities were resolved (for the time being).No one is exactly sure how things will be different now. Neither side will be turning off its sequencin
14、g machines any time soon-the “finish lines“ each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, “first drafts“ rather than the definitive version. And while the joint announcement brings the former Genome Warriors closer together than theyve been in years, insiders say I that future agreements are more l
15、ikely to take the form of coordination, rather than outright collaboration.The conflict blew up this February when Britains Welcome Trust, an HGP participant, released a confidential letter to Celera outlining the HGPs complaints. Venter called the move “a lowlife thing to do,“ but by spring, there
16、were the first signs of a thaw. “The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors,“ Venter told Newsweek in March, “and fighting back is probably not helpful.“ At a cancer meeting earlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each others approaches, and expressed hope that all of the
17、 scientists involved in sequencing the human genome would be able to share the credit By late last week, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Mondays joint announcement were hammered out. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. “If this ends the horse race, science wi
18、ns.“ With their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff, figuring how to make use of all that data.（分数：10.00）(1).The recent Genome Wars were symbolic of（分数：2.00）A.the enthusiasm in scientific research.B.the significance of
19、 the space race.C.the public versus private conflict.D.the prospect of the completion Of DNA sequene.(2).The tone of the author in reporting the joint press conference this Monday is（分数：2.00）A.astonished.B.enthusiastic.C.disappointed.D.objective.(3).It is implied in the third paragraph that（分数：2.00）
20、A.the “finish lines“ does mean what it reads.B.the sequencing machines have stopped at the “finish lines“.C.the former warriors are now collaborators.D.both sides will work on independently.(4).The word “thaw“ (Line 3, Para. 4) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.aggravation in tension.B.improvement in re
21、lation.C.intensification in attacks.D.stoppage of coordination.(5).The critical thing facing the scientists is to（分数：2.00）A.apply the newly-found knowledge to the benefit of mankind.B.end their horse race for the success of science.C.get down to their genome research.D.set their differences aside五、T
22、ext 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At the start of the year, The Independent on Sunday argued that there were three overwhelming reasons why Iraq should not be invaded: there was no proof that Saddam posed an imminent threat; Iraq would be even more unstable as a result of its liberation; and a conflict would inc
23、rease the threat posed by terrorists. What we did not know was that Tony Blair had received intelligence and advice that raised the very same points.Last weeks report from the Intelligence and Security Committee included the revelation that some of the intelligence had warned that a war against Iraq
24、 risked an increased threat of terrorism. Why did Mr. Blair not make this evidence available to the public in the way that so much of the alarmist intelligence on Saddams weapons was published? Why did he choose to ignore the intelligence and argue instead that the war was necessary, precisely becau
25、se of the threat posed by international terrorism?There have been two parliamentary investigations into this war and the Hutton inquiry will reopen tomorrow. In their different ways they have been illuminating, but none of them has addressed the main issues relating to the war. The Foreign Affairs C
26、ommittee had the scope to range widely, but chose to become entangled in the dispute between the Government and the BBC. The Intelligence Committee reached the conclusion that the Governments file on Saddams weapons was not mixed up, but failed to explain why the intelligence was so hopelessly wrong
27、. The Hutton inquiry is investigating the death of Dr. David Kelly, a personal tragedy of marginal relevance to the war against Iraq.Tony Blair has still to come under close examination about his conduct in the building-up to war. Instead, the Defence Secretary, Geoff Hoon, is being fingered as if h
28、e were master-minding the war behind everyones backs from the Ministry of Defence. Mr. Hoon is not a minister who dares to think without consulting Downing Street first. At all times he would have been dancing to Downing Streets tunes, Mr. Blair would be wrong to assume that he can draw a line under
29、 all of this by making Mr.Hoon the fall-guy. It was Mr. Blair who decided to take Britain to war, and a Cabinet of largely skeptical ministers that backed him. It was Mr. Blair who told MPs that unless Saddam was removed, terrorists would pose a greater global threat-even though he had received inte
30、lligence that suggested a war would lead to an increase in terrorism.Parliament should be the forum in which the Prime Minister is called more fully to account, but lain Duncan Smiths support for the war has neutered an already inept opposition. In the absence of proper parliamentary scrutiny, it is
31、 left to newspapers like this one to keep asking the most important questions until the Prime Minister answers them.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first two paragraphs that（分数：2.00）A.the evidence should have been made available to the Parliament.B.the necessity of war has been exaggerated by the Co
32、mmittee.C.Blair had purposely ignored some of the intelligence he received.D.it was The Independent that first revealed the intelligence.(2).The author thinks that the Hutton enquiry is（分数：2.00）A.also beside the mark.B.hopelessly wrong.C.illuminating in its way.D.wide in scope(3).By “chose to become
33、 entangled“ (Line 3, Para. 3), the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.the dispute between the Government and the BBC was unnecessary.B.the Foreign Affairs Committee had mixed up the argument.C.it was entirely wrong to carry out such investigations.D.the Intelligence Committee shouldnt mix up with the aff
34、air.(4).It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that（分数：2.00）A.most ministers were suspicious of Hoons conduct.B.Hoon will not do anything without consulting Blair.C.Blair should not divert his responsibility to his Cabinet.D.MPs think that it is Blair who drags the country into the war.(5).What is the a
35、uthors attitude towards the Parliament?（分数：2.00）A.Indignant.B.Skeptical.C.Inquisitive.D.Critical.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practi
36、ce in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was net to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelatio
37、n. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modern thought since the Renaissance.The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation
38、. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use
39、of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophi
40、c reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologians decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was cal
41、led the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish
42、 Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accessible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authent
43、ic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally, the teachings of Islamic theology.As a result of their belief in the harmony between faith and reason, the Scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence
44、of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics, such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher St. Anselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian
45、 theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation.（分数：10.00）(1).With the Scholastics, the search for new knowledge（分数：2.00）A.stopped completely,B.sped down.C.advanced rapidly.D.awaked gradually.(2).Which of the following best illustrate the relation be
46、tween reason and revelation?（分数：2.00）A.They are simply identical.B.Revelation guides reason.C.They are occasionally contradictory.D.Reason is used to perfect revelation.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 of the text that（分数：2.00）A.the position of philosophy as a humble servant was accepted.B.re
47、ligion had turn into a hamper to the functioning of philosophy.C.philosophers often quoted revelation to support themselves.D.philosophers were sometimes referred to in religious practice.(4).Averroes held that（分数：2.00）A.Islamic theology was often subordinate to philosophy.B.religious truth was noth
48、ing but imaginative fantasy.C.real truth was inaccessible to many common people.D.imperfect expressions were result of flawed religion.(5).Which of the following is most likely to be discussed in the part succeeding this text?（分数：2.00）A.Relations of St. T. Aquinass achievements to previous efforts.B
49、.How St. T. Aquinas worked out in the balance in discussion.C.Other endeavors on the relationship of reason and revelation.D.Outstanding features of the mature period of Scholasticism.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the childs individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children descr
