1、考研英语-798 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some time between digesting Christmas dinner and putting your head back down to work, spare a thought or two for the cranberry. It is, of course, a (1) of Christmas: merry bright red, bittersweetly delicious with turkey and the
2、very devil to get out of the tablecloth (2) spilled. But the cranberry is also a symbol of the modern food industry-and in the tale of its (3) from colonial curiosity to business-school case study (4) a deeper understanding of the opportunities and (5) of modern eating.The fastest growing part of to
3、days cranberry market is for cranberries that do not taste like cranberries. Ocean Sprays “flavoured fruit pieces“ (FFPS, to the trade) taste like orange, cherry, raspberry or any (6) of other fruits. They are in fact cranberries. Why make a cranberry taste like an orange? Mostly because it is a (7)
4、 little fruit: FFPS have a shelf-life of two years. Better (8) , they keep a chewy texture (9) baked, unlike the fruits whose flavours they mimic, which turn to (10) .The dynamic that has brought the cranberry to this point is (11) to the dynamic behind most mass-produced goods. Growing (12) provide
5、d the (13) to create cheaper and more reliable supply. Cheaper and more reliable supply, (14) , created incentives to find new markets, which increased demand. Thus was the (15) kept churning.The cranberry is one of only three fruits native (16) North America, growing wild from Maine to North Caroli
6、na. (The others are the Concord grape and the blueberry). The American Indians had several names for cranberries, many (17) the words for “bitter“ or, more (18) , “noisy“. They ate the berries mostly (19) pemmican, but also used them for dye and medicine. And they introduced them to the white settle
7、rs-at the first Thanksgiving dinner in 1621, it is said. The settlers promptly renamed this delicacy the “crane berry“, (20) the pointy pink blossoms of tile cranberry look a bit like the head of the Sandhill crane.（分数：10.00）A.signB.trailC.symbolD.markA.whileB.if onlyC.long beforeD.ifA.progressB.pro
8、positionC.prophetD.proportionA.obtainB.mouldC.assimilateD.liesA.dilemmasB.remedyC.ingredientD.remainsA.memberB.numberC.kindD.flavorA.deliciousB.dubiousC.durableD.deliberateA.offB.thanC.itselfD.stillA.whenB.whetherC.albeitD.whereasA.mercuryB.mushC.muscleD.messA.similarB.feasibleC.inferiorD.incredible
9、A.commandB.yieldC.demandD.quantityA.immensityB.inadequacyC.immunityD.incentiveA.at every turnB.in turnC.to a turnD.by turnsA.cycleB.miracleC.missionD.carnivalA.fromB.toC.offD.beyondA.qualifyingB.incorporatingC.denotingD.coiningA.intrinsicallyB.marginallyC.intuitivelyD.mysteriouslyA.inB.forC.byD.thro
10、ughA.althoughB.only ifC.becauseD.as though二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankinds humanity. It is no coincidenc
11、e that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have
12、 the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once reserved for mankind to other species.But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and
13、eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safely hidden from the meat-eaters gaze and the childs story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals).Perhaps the
14、 inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because
15、scientific research is remote from most peoples lives, it is particularly vulnerable to their campaigns.In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientist
16、s would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research.And science is, by a
17、nd large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in Britains laboratories are far better looked-after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainly chickens) on Britains farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or d
18、airy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step backwards.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is written to _.（分数：2.00）A.put forward sound reason to care about the welfare of animalsB.emphasize the glory of the EnlightenmentC.Introduce the Royal Society for the Preven
19、tion of Cruelty to AnimalsD.provide background knowledge for the discussion to be expanded(2).The inconsistency in our routine lives is defined by enumerating _.（分数：2.00）A.the deeds conducted by Sir Thomas Foxwell BuxtonB.the people who condemn the fur trade but merrily wear leatherC.the understandi
20、ng of the ancient times concerning a system of rightsD.the comprehension of the way to the extremist(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the publics ignorance of scientific research results in attacks on scienceB.a measure of mankinds humanity is taken into accountC.conf
21、usion and contradiction result from vulnerable campaignsD.the debate is bound to aggravate in the next decade(4).With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.Even if they deplore the activitists use of intimidation and violence, animal lovers everywhere can
22、sure rejoice today.B.Science does not deserve to be the target of protests, whatever you think of animal rights.C.Over the years something good has come from the campaign against the animal industry.D.It is a sensible move that Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows.
23、(5).In the text, a comparison is made so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.abolish the slave tradeB.elaborate a higher purpose of animal researchC.warn that mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animalsD.assert that science is, by and large, kind to its animals五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Tuning in round the clock, v
24、ia satellite or internet blog, to any bout of mayhem anywhere, you might not think the world was becoming a more peaceable place. But in some ways it is, and measurably so. A recent Human Security Report released by the Liu Institute at the University of British Columbia registers a 40% drop in the
25、number of armed conflicts between 1992 and 2003, with the worst wars, those claiming more than a thousand lives in battle, down by 80%. While 28 armed struggles for self-determination ignited or reignited between 1991 and 2004, an encouraging 43 others were contained or doused.Yet measured in a diff
26、erent way, from the point of view of the half of the worlds population that is female, argues the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of the Armed Forces, the world is an awfully violent place, and not just in its war zones. Men still fill most of the bodybags in wartime, including in civil war
27、s, even on DCAFs figures, but their sisters, mothers, wives and daughters, it argues in a new report entitled “Women in an Insecure World“, face nothing short of a “hidden gendercide“.Violence against women is nothing new. DCAFs contribution is to collate the many figures and estimates-not all of th
28、em easily verifiable, it has to be saidon everything from infanticide to rape (in both war and peace), dowry deaths, sex trafficking and domestic violence (in richer countries as well as poorer ones).According to one UN estimate cited by DCAF, between 113m and 200m women are now demographically “mis
29、sing“. This gender gap is a result of the aborting of girl foetuses and infanticide in countries where boys are preferred; lack of food and medical attention that goes instead to brothers, fathers, husbands and sons, so-called “honour killings“ and dowry deaths; and other sorts of domestic violence.
30、 It implies that each year between 1.5m and 3m women and girls are lost to gender based violence. In other words, every two to four years the world looks away from a victim count on the scale of Hitlers Holocaust.Women between the ages of 15 and 44 are more likely to be maimed or die from violence i
31、nflicted one way or another by their menfolk than through cancer, malaria, traffic accidents or war combined. Poor health care means that 600 000 women are lost each year to childbirth (a toll roughly equal annually to that of the Rwandan genocide). The World Health Organisation estimates that 6 000
32、 girls a day (more than 2m a year), mostly in the poor world, undergo genital mutilation. Other WHO figures suggest that, around the world, one woman in five is likely to be a victim of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime.（分数：10.00）(1).In the narration of the first two paragraphs, the author empl
33、oys the device of _.（分数：2.00）A.comparisonB.inversionC.contrastD.omission(2).The word “contained“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.involvedB.checkedC.embracedD.included(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.violence ag
34、ainst women has been ignored since the 1960sB.many figures and estimates can not stand scrutiny concernedC.DCAF has long contributed to the infanticide and rape in richer nationsD.the examining work conducted by DCAF has been demanding(4).Hitlers Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide are mentioned in t
35、he text with the aim to _.（分数：2.00）A.provide a concrete concept of the statistics related to gender-based violence and poor health careB.exemplify the inhumane action conducted by German Nazi during World War C.count the victims who are now demographically “missing“D.take into the account women who
36、are more liable to be maimed or die from violence(5).Which of the followings could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Women in a poverty-stricken area.B.Gender gap in the emerging economies.C.Women in a hazardous world.D.Gendercide in tile western countries.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you leav
37、e a loaded weapon lying around, it is bound to go off sooner or later. Snow- covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies to Ukraine this week as part of a row about money and power, the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy. From central Europe right across
38、 to France on the Atlantic seaboard, gas supplies fell by more than one-third. For years Europeans had been telling themselves that a cold-war enemy which had supplied them without fail could still be depended on now it was an ally (of sorts). Suddenly, nobody was quite so sure.Fearing the threat to
39、 its reputation as a supplier, Russia rapidly restored the gas and settled its differences with Ukraine. But it was an uncomfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent that imports roughly half its gas and that Gerard Mestrallet, boss of Suez, a French water and power company, expects to be impo
40、rting 80% of its gas by 2030 much of it from Russia. It was scarcely more welcome for America, which condemned Russias tactics. And no wonder: it consumes one-quarter of the worlds oil, but produces only 3% of the stuff. Over the coming years, the worlds dependence on oil looks likely to concentrate
41、 on the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia. Russian oil had seemed a useful alternative.Fear of the energy weapon has a long history. When producers had the upper hand in the oil embargo of 1973-74, Arab members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut supply, sowing t
42、urmoil and a global recession. When consumers had the upper hand in the early 1990s, the embargo cut the other way. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, the world shut in 5m barrels a day (b/d) of production from the two countries in an attempt to force him out.With oil costing 60 a barrel,
43、five times more than the nominal price in 1999, and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels, power has swung back to the producers for the first time since the early 1980s. Nobody knows how long todays tight markets will last. “It took us a long tim
44、e to get there and it will take us a long time to get back,“ says Robin West, chairman of PFC Energy in Washington. A clutch of alarmist books with titles such as “The Death of Oil“ predict that so little oil is left in the ground that producers will always have pricing power. The question is how wo
45、rried consumers should be. What are the threats to energy security and what should the world do about them? The answers suggest a need for planning and a certain amount of grim realism, but not for outright panic.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “now“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph denotes _.（分数：
46、2.00）A.because of the fact (that)B.for the time beingC.currentlyD.at present(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the text?（分数：2.00）A.Worry of the energy weapon is of a long history in the snow-covered northern Europe.B.The dispute with Ukraine was resolved without any delay and gas supply
47、 was restored.C.The risks for a gas-importing continent were exposed in the recent Russian- Ukrainian incident.D.Russian gas had long appeared to be a beneficial alternative.(3).USA, according to the text, disapproved of Russian expedient in that _.（分数：2.00）A.most often it works wonderB.Americans ne
48、ver welcome EuropeansC.Russians hardly produce consuming stuffD.it depends heavily on oil import(4).According to the last paragraph, since the early 1980s consumers _.（分数：2.00）A.can not afford gas and oilB.have encountered grim situationC.can. avoid outright panicD.have had the upper hand(5).Based o
49、n the remarks made by Robin West, the current situation will _.（分数：2.00）A.vanishB.lingerC.aggravateD.rebound.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“The impulse to excess among young Britons remains as powerful as ever, but the force that used to keep the impulse in check has all but disappeared,“ claimed a newspaper. Legislation that made it easier to get hold of a drink was “an Act for the increase of drunkenness and immorality“, asserted a politician.The first statement comes from 2005, the second from 1830. On both o
