1、考研英语-77 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/B Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Health implies. more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional wellbeing. A
2、n angry, frustrated, emotionallyU (1) /Uperson in good physical condition is notU (2) /Uhealthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to doU (3) /Uhow a person copes with the world as it exists. Many of the factors thatU (4) /Uphysical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.Having a good s
3、elf-image means that people have positiveU (5) /Upictures and good positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capableU (6) /U, and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they areU (7) /Ulike others. Having a good self- image is basedU (8) /Ua realis
4、ticU (9) /Uof ones own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthfulU (10) /Uof our society. People of all agesU (11) /Ustress. Children begin toU (12) /Ustress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducingU (13) /Uin
5、 the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure toU (14) /Uacademically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individualsU (15) /Uto stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exce
6、ptionally wellU (16) /Uanother may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individuals physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.Satisfying social relations are vital toU (17) /Umental and emotional health. It is believed that in order
7、 toU (18) /U, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people mustU (19) /Uthe ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable ofU (20) /Uconflicts in a constructive way.（分数：10.00）A.unstableB.unsureC.im
8、preciseD.impracticalA.normallyB.generallyC.virtuallyD.necessarilyA.onB.atC.toD.withA.signifyB.influenceC.predictD.markA.intellectualB.sensualC.spiritualD.mentalA.to be doingB.with doingC.to doD.of doingA.able better toB.able to betterC.better to ableD.better able toA.onB.fromC.atD.aboutA.assessmentB
9、.decisionC.determinationD.assistanceA.idealityB.realizationC.realismD.realityA.occurB.engageC.confrontD.encounterA.tolerateB.sustainC.experienceD.undertakeA.evidenceB.accidentsC.adventuresD.eventsA.acquireB.achieveC.obtainD.fulfillA.respondB.returnC.retortD.replyA.whyB.whenC.whileD.whereA.soundB.all
10、-roundC.entireD.wholeA.illuminateB.enunciateC.enumerateD.initiateA.accessB.assessC.processD.possessA.resolvingB.salutingC.dissolvingD.solving二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/B Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
11、 answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)BText 1/BWhen European Union (EU) leaders took delivery of Europes first draft of a constitution at a summit in Greece last June, it was with almost universal praise.There was wide agreement that the text could save the EU from paralysis once it expands from 15
12、 to 25 members next year. It would give Europe a more stable leadership and greater clout on the world stage, said the chairman of the Convention which drafted the agreement, former French President Valery Giscard dEstaing.Such praise was too good to last. As the product of a unique 16-month public
13、debate, the draft has become a battleground. Less than four months after it was delivered, the same leaders who accepted it opened the second round of talks on its content this week by trading veiled threats to block agreement or cut off funds if they dont get their way.The tone was polite, but unyi
14、elding. In a bland joint statement issued when the talks opened on October 4, the leaders stressed the constitution, “represents a vital step in the process aimed at making Europe more cohesive, more democratic and closer to its citizens. “Sharp differences remain, though, between member countries o
15、f the EU over voting rights, the size and composition of the executive European Commission, defense co-operation and the role of religion in the new constitution.Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconis hopes of wrapping up a deal on the constitution by Christmas seem far from being realized. While
16、 the six founding members of the EU-Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg-plus Britain and Denmark, want as little change as possible to the draft, the 10 mainly central European countries due to join the 15-nation bloc next year want to alter the institutions balance.Such
17、small states are afraid their views will be ignored under the constitution and are determined to defend the disproportionate voting rights they won at the 2000 Nice Summit. EU experts fear such sharp differences will create exactly the paralysis in the EU the Convention was established to avoid.（分数：
18、10.00）(1).The first draft of the EU constitution was aimed at（分数：2.00）A.turning EU into a super power in the worlds economy.B.serving the interest of the 10 nations planning to come aboard.C.building a better election system for excellent leadership.D.preventing EU from ineffectiveness due to its ex
19、pansion.(2).The universal praise for the draft turned out to be（分数：2.00）A.short-lived.B.too good.C.totally wrong.D.very insightful.(3).A second round of talks were opened by some leaders, because（分数：2.00）A.they want to make the first draft into a battleground.B.they want to tear the first draft up a
20、nd write a new one.C.their needs were not satisfactorily met in the draft.D.their funds were channeled into inappropriate projects.(4).Which of the following issue might not be their source of argument?（分数：2.00）A.Leader election.B.Religious belief.C.Military cooperation,D.Economic cooperation.(5).Ac
21、cording to experts, the real thing that may paralyze EU is（分数：2.00）A.the bigger size that EU will have in the future.B.the disproportionate voting rights of some small states.C.the fierce disagreement among its member countries.D.the threat from some leaders who want their ways.BText 2/BScientists h
22、ave for the first time used cloning to create human embryos that live long enough in a laboratory dish to have their stem cells harvested. The feat could set the stage for physicians to produce cells and tissues, tailored to a patients genetic identity that can treat a wide variety of human illnesse
23、s. The accomplishment also provides a road map for how to clone a person, an even more divisive undertaking.The new work, performed in South Korea, represents “a major advance in stem cell research. It could help spur a medical revolution as important as antibiotics and vaccines“, says Robert Lanza
24、of Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), a company in Worcester, Mass., thats also investigating the promising stem cell strategy called therapeutic cloning.“However, now that the methodology is publicly available“, Lanza adds, “I think it is absolutely imperative that we pass laws worldwide to prevent th
25、e technology from being abused for reproductive-cloning purposes.“While some fertility doctors and a religious cult have claimed success at creating a pregnancy via cloning, theyve offered no convincing proof. In contrast, the South Korean research is being reported at the meeting of the American As
26、sociation for the Advancement of Science in Seattle and will appear in an upcoming Science. “This is reality,“ says stem cell researcher John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University. “He4e is a bona fide, refereed journal saying that a human embryo has been cloned and a cell line derived from it.“Altho
27、ugh ACT has not yet published a report of a cloned human blastocyst, Lanza says that the South Korean success is “consistent with our own results.“ Therapeutic cloning appeals to Lanza and physicians because cells made this way could have the same DNA as a patients cells do and thus avoid rejection
28、after theyre transplanted.Seeking a compromise that would permit this strategy to be pursued, many scientists have called for legislation that would ban cloning to produce a baby but allow the creation of cloned embryos to generate stem cells for research or therapies. “The debate has been very pola
29、rized,“ notes bio-ethicist Laurie Zoloth of Northwestern University in Evanston.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, stem cells are hard to obtain because（分数：2.00）A.human embryos are very short-lived outside a human body.B.human embryos are extremely hard to be cloned.C.human genetic identity is dif
30、ficult to be defined.D.human cloning is strongly opposed by some researchers.(2).Successful stem cell research will hopefully lead to（分数：2.00）A.the cloning of any human beings.B.the cure of many otherwise incurable diseases.C.the abandonment of antibiotics and vaccines.D.the realization of humans dr
31、eam of immortality.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that human cloning（分数：2.00）A.has not been so successful as some fertility doctors claim.B.will definitely be banned through legislations.C.has encountered huge technological and funding problems.D.is another project being implemented by Sout
32、h Korean scientists.(4).According to the passage, the key factor in avoiding rejection after transplantation is to（分数：2.00）A.make DNAs that are very small and have immune systems.B.make DNAs that are as strong as antibiotics and vaccines.C.make DNAs that are identical with those in the patients cell
33、s.D.make DNAs that are consistent with the ACT research results.(5).The “compromise“ in the last paragraph probably refers to the practice of（分数：2.00）A.allowing human cloning to be strictly supervised in laboratories.B.permitting human cloning to be done in laboratories only.C.allowing cloning techn
34、ology to be used in strictly limited areas.D.permitting cloning technology to be used in any field other than medical science.BText 3/BSince the industrial revolution, government, society, and industry have attempted to channel technological progress in useful directions. Whether it is the printing
35、press, the cotton gin the automobile or the Internet, technological innovations often have profound economic and social effects. To harness the benefits and minimize the more harmful effects of new technologies, modern governments use four basic approaches: specific direction, market incentives, cri
36、minal prohibition, and behavior modification.Specific direction starts with governments identifying one or more key factors in the R and the issues of psychological and sexual exploitation and, to a lesser extent, exploitation through consumption, have been the most prominent ones.It is not surprisi
37、ng that the womens liberation movement should begin among bourgeois women, and should be dominated in the beginning by their consciousness and their particular concerns. Radical women are generally the post war middle class generation that grew up with the right to vote, the chance at higher educati
38、on and training for supportive roles in the professions and business. Most of them are young and sophisticated enough to have not yet had children and do not have to marry to support themselves. In comparison with most women, they are capable of a certain amount of control over their lives.The highe
39、r development of bourgeois democratic society allows the women who benefit from education and relative equality to see the contradictions between its rhetoric (every child can become president) and their actual place in that society. The working class woman might believe that education could have ma
40、de her financially independent but the educated career woman finds that money has not made her independent. In fact, because she has been allowed to progress halfway on the upward-mobility ladder she can see the rest of the distance that is denied her only because she is a woman. She can see the sim
41、ilarity between her oppression and that of other sections of the population. Thus, from their own experience, radical women in the movement are aware of more faults in the society than racism and imperialism. Because they have pushed the democratic myth to its limits, they know concretely how it lim
42、its them.At the same time that radical women were learning about American society they were also becoming aware of the male chauvinism in the movement. In fact, that is usually the cause of their first conscious 100 verbalization of the prejudice they feel; it is more disillusioning to know that the
43、 same contradiction exists between the movements rhetoric of equality and its reality, for we expect more of our comrades.This realization of the deep-seated prejudice against themselves in the movement produces two common reactions among its women: 1) a preoccupation with this immediate barrier (an
44、d perhaps a resultant hopelessness), and 2) a tendency to retreat inward, to buy the fools gold of creating a personally liberated life style.However, our concept of liberation represents a consciousness that conditions have forced on us while most of our sisters are chained by other conditions, bio
45、logical and economic, that overwhelm their humanity and desires for self-fulfillment. Our background accounts for our ignorance about the stark oppression of womens daily lives.（分数：10.00）(1).The basic difference between Middle Class women and other women in the liberation movement is that（分数：2.00）A.
46、Middle Class women are not married and have no children.B.Middle Class women are not afraid of their husbands.C.other women have less control of their own lives.D.other women grow up with no rights to vote.(2).We can learn from the second paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.social democratic development plays
47、a part in social inequality.B.what makes women dependent is their economic status.C.women can achieve their social equality through education.D.the upward-mobility ladder denies access to women.(3).What do radical women expect more from their male counterparts?（分数：2.00）A.More financial help.B.More p
48、olitical support.C.More real respect for sex equality.D.More active involvement in their movement.(4).According to the text, what might a lot of women do when they realize the prejudice in their movement?（分数：2.00）A.Fight more Bravely to get real equality with men.B.Become hopeless and pretend to liv
49、e their own happy life.C.Buy some gold so as to store enough money for themselves.D.Retreat from the movement and focus on better education.(5).The author implies in the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.most women can retreat from the liberation movement too.B.most women have a strong desire for self-fulfillment as we do.C.most women are eager to be liberated
