1、考研英语-769 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Plastic is the panacea of the ages. Nearly every man-made object (1) (2) of, or at least (3) its very structure, to this wonder compound. Rain slickers, computer terminals, automobile engine parts, coffee cups (and the sugar sti
2、rrers too), breast implants, toy soldiers-they are all made up of plastic, or one of its many (4) . Since the (5) of civilization, humankind has been experimenting (6) a multifunctional material-one that had to be equally strong and lightweight-to carry, contain and protect valuables. (7) it could c
3、arry, contain and protect humans too, even Better. Generations of tinkerers and scientists set off (8) the challenge, striking gold some 170 years ago. By mixing natural rubber with sulphur they created the worlds most utilized material ever. In developing a (9) , malleable and durable substance, th
4、e most important inventions of the industrial age were to follow shortly thereafter. The automobile and airplane industries, to (10) just two, owe their very existence to plastic. And, (11) celluloid plastic strips, the Lumiere Brothers would never have brought moving pictures to the big screen.The
5、development of plastic is a story of human (12) , ingenuity and luck. (13) the legend now goes, in 1839, the American inventor Charles Goodyear (the famous tyre company would later use his name) was experimenting with the sulphur treatment of natural rubber when he dropped a piece of sulphur treated
6、 rubber on a stove; The heat seemed to give rubber (14) properties. It was stronger, more (15) to abrasion, more elastic, much less (16) to temperature, (17) to gases, and highly resistant to chemicals and electric (18) . Eyeing this as a cheaply and easily reproduced construction material, a whirlw
7、ind of work (19) and the birth of (20) plastic and plastic-derivatives were born from camphor to celluloid to rayon; cellophane, polyvinyl chloride (or PVC); styrofoam and nylon were soon to follow.（分数：10.00）A.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composesA.especiallyB.partiallyC.partlyD.entirelyA.ownsB
8、.owesC.thanksD.contributesA.deviationsB.derivativesC.deprivationsD.depressionsA.drownB.drawnC.dawnD.duskA.forB.onC.inD.withA.IfB.WhenC.UnlessD.UntilA.ontoB.withC.onD.toA.versatileB.variousC.variantD.variableA.callB.nameC.takeD.bringA.despiteB.withC.withoutD.forA.presentationB.preservationC.persevera
9、nceD.persistenceA.AsB.AfterC.BeforeD.WhileA.enlightenedB.correctedC.progressedD.improvedA.insistentB.consistentC.proofD.resistantA.sensitiveB.agileC.susceptiveD.acuteA.transparentB.impermeableC.translucentD.inaccessibleA.streamB.torrentC.currentD.flowA.pursuedB.ensuedC.ensuredD.insuredA.numericalB.n
10、umerableC.enormousD.numerous二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)St. Paul didnt like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “mischievious” and “hard to get rid of it“, but Oscar Wilder said, “Gossip is charming.“History is merely gossi
11、p,“ he wrote in one of his famous plays. “But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality. In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has c
12、ontinued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries.Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.Gossip is “an intrinsi
13、cally valuable activity“, philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Zeev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesnt come through ordinary channels, such as: “What was the real reason so and-so was fired from the offi
14、ce?“ Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Zeev says. It is “a kind of sharing“ that also “satisfies the tribal need- namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group“. Whats more, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable.“Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a pro
15、fessor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally
16、 available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets,“ he writes.Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, e
17、ven though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, t
18、o seek medical help.So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim
19、of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live thiat nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldnt .be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip./（分数：10.00）(1).Persons remarks are mentioned at the beginning o
20、f the text to _.（分数：2.00）A.show the general disapproval of gossipB.introduce the topic of gossipC.examine gossip from a historical perspectiveD.prove the real value of gossip(2).By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding“ (Par（分数：2.00）A.5), Professor Aaron Ben-Zeev means gossip _.A. is a valuable s
21、ource of social informationB. produces a joy that most people in society needC. brings people the feel of being part of a groupD. satisfies peoples need of being unusual(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.B.Phi
22、losophers may hold different attitudes toward gossip.C.Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous.D.People are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.gossipers will surely become gossipees somedayB.Socrates was
23、 a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipeeC.Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossipingD.an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual(5).The authors attitude toward “gossip“ can be best described as（分数：2.00）A.neutralB.positiveC.negativeD.indifferent五、T
24、ext 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was bec
25、ause so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back
26、to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had
27、 been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected.Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than oth
28、er viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of “multi-threading“, it could send multiple e-mails si
29、multaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes.Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsofts Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing tha
30、t software to use too much memory.Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the wor
31、m itself was exploiting.One Way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welchi. However, according to Mr. Haley, Wel
32、chi has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“ signals that checked for the presence of other computers.Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutd
33、own of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organising trains operated by CSX, a freight company on Americas east coast. Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.（分数：10.00）(1
34、).SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly by _.（分数：2.00）A.sending them an overpowering number of messagesB.harvesting the addresses stored in the computersC.infecting the computers with an invisible virusD.destroying the anti-virus software of the computers(2).Which of the following best defines t
35、he word “doctored“ (Par（分数：2.00）A.1, Line 10)?A. Falsified.B. Cured.C. Deceived.D. Diagnose(3).Compared with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that was _.（分数：2.00）A.more destructiveB.more humorousC.less vulnerableD.less noticeable(4).From the text we learn that Welchi _.（分数：2.00）A.is a wicked worm causi
36、ng as many damages as Blaster didB.is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like BlasterC.is a program intended to fix the infected machinesD.is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “pings“(5).The tone of the text can best described as _.（分数：2.00）A.optimistic and humorousB.analytical but conc
37、ernedC.passionate but pessimisticD.scholarly and cautious六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)European farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy(CAP). Will it be enough to kickstart the Doha world trade negotiati
38、ons?On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be broken-the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several ke
39、y products, including milk and butter, are to be cut-that should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negoti
40、ations.The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doh
41、a round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed
42、 because of the EUs intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the worlds trade ministers meet in Cancun, Mexico.But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of
43、 measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the
44、 reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation.These let-outs are potentially damaging for Europes negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, k
45、eep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim. Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complica
46、ted package might confirm the sceptics fears.（分数：10.00）(1).The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in that _.（分数：2.00）A.European farm ministers finally reached a consensusB.the link between farm products and subsidies is removedC.farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to themD.Europe
47、an farm products will reach a lower price level than the world(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAPB.the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talksC.the deal was probably a result of pres
48、sure from other countriesD.the worlds trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently(3).In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?（分数：2.00）A.Farmers lose their interest in farming.B.Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.C.Implementation of the measures
49、goes too eagerly.D.The measures damage the reformers confidenc(4).The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to _.（分数：2.00）A.Europes negotiators loss of confidenceB.European expenditure on farm supportC.escape clauses for some European countriesD.suspicion of the new package(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.A promising new deal.B.Doha world trade negotiations.C.Worlds anger against Europe.D.Doomed reforms of CAP.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Perhaps Only a small boy training to be a
