1、考研英语-75 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people wh
2、o cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for theU (1) /Uof its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feelU (2) /Uto go to bed and pleased when the journeyU (3) /UOn the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went t
3、o bedU (4) /Uearlier than usual. When IU (5) /Umy cabin, I was surprisedU (6) /Uthat I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expectedU (7) /Ubut there was a suitcaseU (8) /Umine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like.
4、 Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meetU (9) /U，except that he was wearingU (10) /Ugood clothes that I made up my mind that we would notU (11) /Uwhoever he was and did not sayU (12) /U.As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I
5、slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but coveredU (13) /Uas well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that aU (14) /Uwas coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgottenU (15) /Uthe door, so I got up
6、U (16) /Uthe door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room andU (17) /Uthe moon shone through it on to the other bed.U (18) /Uthere. It took me a minute or two toU (19) /Uthe door myself. I realized that my companionU (20) /Uth
7、rough the window into the sea.（分数：10.00）A.reasonB.motiveC.causeD.sakeA.tired enoughB.enough tiredC.enough tiringD.enough tiringA.is achievedB.finishC.is overD.is in the endA.quiteB.ratherC.fairlyD.somehowA.arrived inB.reached toC.arrived toD.reached atA.for seeingB.that I sawC.at seeingD.to seeA.bei
8、ng lonelyB.to be lonelyC.being aloneD.to be aloneA.likeB.asC.similar thanD.the same thatA.in each placeB.for all partsC.somewhereD.anywhereA.a soB.soC.such aD.suchA.treat together wellB.pass together wellC.get on well togetherD.go by well togetherA.him a single wordB.him not one wordC.a single word
9、to himD.not one word to himA.up meB.up myselfC.up to myselfD.myself upA.draftB.voiceC.airD.soundA.to closeB.closingC.to have to closeD.for closingA.to shutB.for shuttingC.in shuttingD.but shutA.while doing like thatB.as I did like thatC.as I did soD.at doing soA.It was no oneB.There was no oneC.It w
10、as anyoneD.There was anyoneA.remind to lockB.remember to lockC.remind lockingD.remember lockingA.had to jumpB.was to have jumpedC.must have jumpedD.could be jumped二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
11、 B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BReal policemen, both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TVif they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops dont think much of them.The first dif
12、ference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply i
13、t on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he has to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms abou
14、t hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guiltyor notof stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal; as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terroris
15、t attackswhere failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the policelittle effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do
16、that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who dont want to get involved in a court case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against t
17、heir own best interests, to help him.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legalit
18、y, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separati
19、on the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindednessas he sees itof citizens, social workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The resul
20、t, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.（分数：10.00）(1).It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law_.（分数：2.00）A.so that he can catch criminals in the streetsB.because many of the crimi
21、nals he has to catch are dangerousC.so that he can justify his arrests in courtD.because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer(2).The everyday life of a policeman or detective is_.（分数：2.00）A.exciting and glamorousB.full of dangerC.devoted mostly to routine mattersD.wasted
22、on unimportant matters(3).When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police_.（分数：2.00）A.prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself awayB.spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their manC.try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputationD.usually fail to produce results(4)
23、.The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight“ because_.（分数：2.00）A.he is an expensive public servantB.he must always behave with absolute legalityC.he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve itD.he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world(5).Detectives are rather
24、cynical because_.（分数：2.00）A.nine tenths of their work involves arresting peopleB.hardly anyone tells them the truthC.society does not punish criminals severely enoughD.too many criminals escape from jailBText 2/BIn the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to the Black population of th
25、e United States left the South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come
26、to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by t
27、he outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who act
28、ually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration. No one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black wor
29、kers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits,“ the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It
30、is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of
31、 slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industriestobacco, lumber, coal and iron
32、 manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black wo
33、rkers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tyi
34、ng their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.（分数：10.00）(1).The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation? _（分数：2.00）A.United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to
35、 1930.B.Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930.C.The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910.D.The federal census of 1910.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is true of wages in southern cities in 1910? _（分数：2.00）A.They were being pushed lower as a res
36、ult of increased competition.B.They had begun to rise so that southern industry could attract rural workers.C.They had increased for skilled workers but decreased for unskilled workers.D.They had increased in large southern cities but decreased in small southern cities.(3).The author cites each of t
37、he following as possible influences in a Black workers decision to migrate north in the Great Migration EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.wage levels in northern citiesB.labor recruitersC.competition from rural workersD.voting rights in northern states(4).The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.suppor
38、t an alternative to an accepted methodologyB.present evidence that resolves a contradictionC.introduce a recently discovered source of informationD.challenge a widely accepted explanation(5).The material in the passage would be most relevant to a long discussion of which of the following topics? _（分
39、数：2.00）A.The reasons for the subsequent economic difficulties of those who participated in the Great Migration.B.The effect of migration on the regional economies of the United States following the First World War.C.The transition from a rural to an urban existence for those who migrated in the Grea
40、t Migration.D.The disappearance of the artisan class in the United States as a consequence of mechanization in the early twentieth century.BText 3/BGuthries contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young child
41、ren spend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behav
42、ior problems often result. To apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching
43、 printing and handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, studen
44、ts etters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airp
45、lanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not bui
46、lding airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used wit
47、h students who talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cu
48、e for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into eac
49、h lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of this passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.informB.persuadeC.debateD.narrate(2).Guthrie identified three methods for_.（分数：2.00）A.educating studentsB.altering bad habitsC
