1、考研英语-747 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many professions are associated with a particular stereotype. The (1) image of a writer, for instance, is (2) a slightly crazy-looking person, locked in an attic, writing (3) furiously for days (4) Naturally, he has his favorite
2、 pen and note-paper, or a beat-up typewriter, (5) he could not produce a readable word.Nowadays, we know that such images (6) little resemblance to reality. But are they completely false? In the case of at least one writer, it would (7) . Dame Muriel Spark, who (8) 80 in February, in many ways resem
3、bles this stereotypical “writer“. She is certainly not crazy, and she doesnt work in an attic. But she is rather (9) about the tools of her (10) She (11) writing with a certain type of pen in a certain type of notebook, which she buys from a certain (12) in Edinburgh called James Thin. In fact, so (
4、13) is she that, if someone uses one of her pens (14) , she immediately throws it away. And she claims she would have enormous difficulty writing in any notebook (15) those sold by James Thin. This could soon be a problem, as the shop no longer (16) them, and Dame Muriels (17) of 72-page spiral boun
5、d is nearly finished.As well as her “ (18) “ about writing materials, Muriel Spark shares one other characteristic with the stereotypical “writer“: her work is the most important thing in her life. It has stopped her (19) ; (20) her old friends and made her new ones, and driven her from London to Ne
6、w York to Rome. Today she lives in the Italian province of Tuscany with a friend.（分数：10.00）A.historicB.antiqueC.seniorD.classicA.inB.ofC.withD.forA.awayB.offC.onD.downA.on finishB.on finalC.on endD.on stopA.except whichB.without whichC.beyond whichD.on whichA.bearB.standC.holdD.keepA.have seemed not
7、B.not seemC.not have seemedD.seem notA.observedB.enteredC.sawD.turnedA.particularB.specificC.peculiarD.specialA.businessB.tradeC.vocationD.careerA.persists inB.insists onC.keeps onD.indulges inA.grocerB.chemistC.stationerD.bakerA.mysteriousB.conventionalC.superstitiousD.traditionalA.by fortuneB.by a
8、ccidentC.by chanceD.by coincidenceA.much asB.rather thanC.such asD.other thanA.pilesB.storesC.stocksD.concealsA.supplyB.provisionC.supplementD.additionA.devotionB.preoccupationC.worshipD.obsessionA.from marryingB.to remarryC.remarryingD.remarryA.spentB.costC.exhaustedD.tired二、Section Reading Co(总题数：
9、0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One great benefit of the Web is that it allows us to move information online that now resides in paper form. Several states in America are using the Web in a profound way. You can apply for various permits or submit applications for business l
10、icences. Some states are putting up listings of jobsnot just state government jobs, but all the jobs available in the state. I believe, over time, that all the information that governments print, and all those paper forms they now have, will be moved on to the Internet. Electronic commerce notches u
11、p month-by-month too. It is difficult to measure, because a lot of electronic commerce involves existing buyers and sellers who are simply moving paperbased transactions to the Web. That is not new business. Microsoft, for example, purchases millions of dollars of PCs online instead of by paper. How
12、ever, that is not a fundamental change; it has just improved the efficiency of an existing process. The biggest impact has occurred where electronic commerce matches buyers and sellers who would not previously have found each other. When you go to a book site and find an obscure book that you never
13、would have found in a physical bookstore, that is a new type of commerce.Today, about half of all PCs are still not connected to the Web. Getting communications costs down and making all the software simpler will bring in those people. And that, in turn, will move us closer to the critical mass that
14、 will make the Web lifestyle everyones lifestyle. One clement that people underestimate is the degree to which the hardware and software will improve. Just take one aspect: screen technology. I do my e-mail on a 20-inch liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor. It is not available at a reasonable price
15、yet, but in two years it will be. In ten years, a 40-inch LCD with much higher resolution will be commonplace.The boundary between a television set and a PC will be blurred because even the set-top box that you connect up to your cable or satellite will have a processor more powerful than what we ha
16、ve today in the most expensive PC. This will, in effect, make your television a computer.Interaction with the Web also will improve, making it much easier for people to be involved. Today the keywords we use to search the Web often return to too many articles to sort through, many of them out of con
17、text. If you want to learn about the fastest computer chip available, you might end up getting responses instead about potato chips being delivered in fast trucks. In the future, we shall be either speaking or typing sentences into the computer. If you ask about the speed of chips, the result will b
18、e about computers, not potatoes. Speech recognition also means that you will be able to call in on a phone and ask if you have any new messages, or check on a flight, or check on the weather.To predict that it will take over ten years for these changes to happen is probably pessimistic. We usually o
19、verestimate what we can do in two years and underestimate what we can do in ten. The Web will be as much a way of life as the car by 2008. Probably before.（分数：10.00）(1).Electronic commerce becomes a new type of commerce when _.（分数：2.00）A.paperbased transactions are moved on to the WebB.the efficienc
20、y of the existing process is improved by InternetC.a Web site offers more obscure goods than a physical storeD.new buyers and sellers lind each other on the Internet(2).The use of computer will be as common as the use of cars when _.（分数：2.00）A.computer and communication become simpler and cheaperB.e
21、lectronic commerce causes a fundamental changeC.the boundary between the computer and the TV disappearsD.governments began to move administration on-line(3).What currently is the problem with the Web according the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Ineffective interaction.B.Too much information.C.Inaccurate respons
22、e.D.Severe lack of speed.(4).The example of potato chips is used to illustrate _.（分数：2.00）A.the defect of computers at the present stage of developmentB.the similarity between a computer chip and a potato chipC.the speed of computer chips as compared to potato chipsD.the irrelevant responses the com
23、puter sometimes offers(5).In this passage the author is trying to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.everyone will be using computer and the Web by 2008B.computers will be able to recognize speech in 10 years timeC.changes caused by the Web will arrive sooner than we thinkD.interaction with the Web will become
24、easier to manage五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For thousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behaviour ranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across the cou
25、ntry, better business bureaus report a lengthening litany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, repair shops, moving companies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarial feeling between businesses and consumers.Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling i
26、n the marketplace. One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1-800 numbers and voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting custom
27、ers than on keeping them. Still another is that strident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitableespecially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers, service went wi
28、th it.The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counsellor and now has four. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear abo
29、ut people being hauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I dont have to serve you!“ or “this is private property, get out and dont come back!“ What can customers do? If the bureaus arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customers only recourse is to sue in small cl
30、aims court. But because of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim to generational change. Many young people regard retailing “as just a dead-end job that youre just going to do temporarily on your way to a
31、 real job“. Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers are having to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeople today, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computer society where theyve interacted largely with ma
32、chines. One of the biggest complaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of interpersonal skills.What customers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, they dont want busy signals, they dont want interactive systems telling them to push one for this and two for that
33、they dont want voice mail. And if customers do not get what they want, they defect. Some people go back to local small businesses: the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger. They dont wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.（分数：10.00）(1).At a business place of bad se
34、rvice, the worst one can get is _.（分数：2.00）A.indifference and rudenessB.naked hostility and physical violenceC.having intelligence and integrity questionedD.being insulted and threatened(2).One of the reasons for such ill feeling in the marketplace is that _.（分数：2.00）A.shoppers are usually strident,
35、 frustrated and impatientB.shoppers often take businesses to court to settle disputeC.businesses use new technology instead of employeesD.businesses are keen on keeping customers, not getting them(3).What has changed at Vancouver Better Service Bureau in the past five years?（分数：2.00）A.More effective
36、.B.More business.C.Less bureaucracy.D.Better staff.(4).Young clerks often lack interpersonal skills chiefly because they _.（分数：2.00）A.are skilled in dealing with machines not peopleB.are not trained in simple manners at homeC.fall victims to generational changeD.take retailing to be a temporary job(
37、5).The authors attitude towards businesses and bad service is _ them.（分数：2.00）A.attackingB.understandingC.regrettingD.warning六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The problems of the elderly are attracting greater attention largely because the American population is growing steadily older as the proportion of its
38、 aged members increase. At the time of the first United States census in 1790, half of the people in the country were 16 or younger. By the turn of the present century the median age of the population had risen to 22.9 years; by 1970, it was 27.7 ; and by 1977 it had reached 28.9 ; the median age wi
39、ll reach 35 by the year 2000, and will approach 40 by the year 2030.In time the burden of the years affects even the healthiest individual. Aging is accompanied by physiological changes that are not necessarily the result of any disease: apart from the more obvious signs of agesuch as baldness, wrin
40、kling, changes in body form, and stiffness of limbsthere is a general process of atrophy of the cells and gradual degeneration. However, the rate of physiological aging varies greatly from one person to another. Some people show noticeable signs of aging as early as fifty. Others seem relatively you
41、ng and vital at seventy, and may even continue to enjoy a vigorous sex life.In general, however, ill health becomes more common with advancing age. More than three quarters of those over sixty-five suffer from some chronic health condition. But ill health need not have only physiological causes; it
42、can have social and psychological causes as well. People tend to follow social expectations to fill the roles that are offered to them. In a sense, all we offer the aged is a sick rolethe role of the infirm person who has outlived his or her usefulness to society. An urbanized, industrialized societ
43、y such as the United States is oriented toward youth, mobility, and activity. It does little to integrate the old into the social structure.Unlike the elders in a traditional society, the American aged can no longer lay automatic claim on their kin for support and social participation; on the contra
44、ry, they are more likely to have to try not to be a “nuisance“ to their now independent adult offspring. Nor are they regarded as the wisest members of the community as the elders in a traditional society would be; instead, any advice they give is likely to be considered irrelevant in a changing wor
45、ld about which their descendants consider themselves much better informed.In America, childhood is romanticised, youth is idolised, middle age does the work, wields the power and pays the bills, and old age gets little or nothing for what it has already done. For many elderly Americans old age is a
46、tragedy, a period of quiet despair, deprivation, desolation and muted rage. The tragedy of old age is not that each of us must grow old and die but that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily painful, humiliating and isolating through insensitivity, ignorance, and poverty.（分数：10.00）(1).
47、The statistics in the first paragraph shows that _.（分数：2.00）A.American people are living longerB.the definition of middle age is changingC.the American society is becoming olderD.the age below 40 will be thought young by 2030(2).Physiological changes that accompanying advancing age refers to all the
48、 following except _.（分数：2.00）A.losing hairs and having lined skinB.chronic health conditionC.gradual degenerationD.bent back and difficult movement(3).The social and psychological causes of ill health in the elderly are shown in the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.American society is urbanized and industrial
49、izedB.a distressing role is imposed on the old peopleC.youth, mobility and activity are most respectedD.young people consider themselves better informed(4).The aged Americans do not depend on their offspring for support because of _.（分数：2.00）A.their reluctance to do soB.their childrens lack of respectC.the wide generation gapD.the roles the society expects of them(5).Through statistics and analysis, the passage seems to suggest that _.（分数：2.00）A.the American society is hostile to old ageB.old people in A
