1、考研英语-731 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Divorce is the act by which a valid marriage is dissolved, usually freeing the parties to remarry. In regions in (1) ancient (2) authority still predominates, divorce may be (3) and rare, especially when, as among Roman Catholic
2、s and Hindus, the religious (4) views marriage (5) indissoluble. Custom, (6) , may make divorce a simple matter in (7) societies. (8) some Pueblo Indian tribes a woman could divorce her husband (9) leaving his moccasins on the doorstep. The (10) of individual determination and mutual (11) are making
3、 divorce (12) acceptable in the (13) parts of the world.Among premodern societies, the rate of marital stability is difficult to (14) (15) the varying definitions of (16) and divorce. It seems to be broadly true (17) wherever divorce is a legal impossibility the wedding is a well-defined event condu
4、cted with (18) formality. The (19) principle does not hold true: elaborate marriage ceremonial is quite compatible with high divorce rates. Many anthropologists agree that divorce is generally more permissible in matrilineal societies (20) in patrilineal ones, in which the procreative and sexual rig
5、hts of the bride are often symbolically transferred to the husband with the payment of bride-price.（分数：10.00）A.whichB.whereC.howD.whenA.religiousB.nationalC.federalD.localA.easyB.pleasedC.worseD.difficultA.habitB.traditionC.regionD.ideaA.toB.inC.offD.asA.for exampleB.thereforeC.howeverD.indeedA.anyB
6、.anythingC.someD.somethingA.BetweenB.AmongC.OfD.WithA.byB.forC.inD.atA.principlesB.principalsC.princesD.privaciesA.joyB.entertainmentC.consentD.satisfactionA.incrediblyB.increasinglyC.absolutelyD.dramaticallyA.productiveB.strangeC.industrializedD.advancedA.measureB.thinkC.discoverD.detectA.providedB
7、.now thatC.ifD.because ofA.unmarryB.marriageC.coherenceD.departmentA.whichB.whenC.thatD.whatA.lessB.littleC.normalD.considerableA.firstB.contraryC.reverseD.differentA.thanB.whileC.whichD.what二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Earlier this summer Arnold
8、Schwarzenegger, Californias governor, said that the states penal system was “falling apart in front of our very eyes“. Indeed so. Some 172,000 inmates are crowded into institutionsfrom the states 33 prisons to its 12 “community correctional facilities“that are meant to house fewer than 90,000. Drug
9、abuse is rampant; so too are diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. Race-based gangs pose the constant threat of violence, riot and even murder. And with more than 16,000 prisoners sleeping in prison gymnasiums and classrooms, rehabilitation programs are virtually non-existentwhich helps to explain w
10、hy two-thirds of Californias convicts, the highest rate in the country, are back in prison within three years of being released.Will the governors summons of a special session of the state legislature, beginning this week, bring a remedy? The reason for the session is to discuss Mr. Schwarzeneggers
11、request for almost $ 5.8 billion of public money to be pumped into the prison system. Bonds for $ 2 billion would finance ten 500-bed “re-entry facilities“ for prisoners nearing the end of their sentences; another $ 2 billion would expand existing prisons; $1.2 billion would be earmarked for two new
12、 prisons; and $ 500m would go for new prison hospitals.Money alone will provide neither an immediate solution nor a lasting one. The first problem is that California simply puts too many offenders in prison. The imprisonment rate, which has risen almost eight-fold since 1970 and is way ahead of any
13、European country, has consistently meant overcrowding despite the construction of 22 new prisons in the past 20 years.The 1994 “three-strikes“ law, approved by voters in a referendum, means handing out 25-years-to-life sentences for often trivial third offencesand results in the growing presence in
14、prison of elderly inmates who cost the taxpayer far more than the average of $ 34,000 a prisoner. Meanwhile, the practice of returning parole violators to prison, even for relatively trivial mis-steps such as missing a drugs test, also strains the system; some 11% of inmates are parole violators. Ad
15、ded to all these are more than 5,000 illegal immigrants being held on behalf of the federal government.The second problem is that any attempt to reform Californias penal policy becomes hostage to politics. Two years ago, the governor was expressing optimism. He added the word “rehabilitation“ to Cal
16、ifornias department of corrections, appointed Rod Hickman, a reform- minded former prison guard, to oversee the system and promised to lessen the power of the 31,000-strong prison guards union, not least by breaking the “code of silence“ that protects corrupt or violent guards. But that was then. Th
17、e reality now is that Mr. Hickman resigned in March. Evidence indicates that the governors office may have given the code of silence in Californias prisons a new lease on life.Many experts say that with no moderation in sentencing policies on the horizon, the prison population is expected to grow by
18、 another 21,000 over the next five yearsenough to out-pace any prison-building program. Thus, the dream of prison reforms will never touch the ground.（分数：10.00）(1).By quoting governor Schwarzeneggers remark, the author intends to（分数：2.00）A.emphasize the fact that Schwarzenegger is still in his offic
19、e.B.show the fact that drug abuse is rampant in prisons.C.point out that California has the highest convict rate in the US.D.introduce the topic of overcrowding problem in California prisons.(2).According to the passage, California has the highest rate of returning prisoners because（分数：2.00）A.the pr
20、isons in California are too crowded.B.the prisons failed to rehabilitate the prisoners.C.the prisoners can sleep in the gymnasiums and classrooms.D.the prisoners are released after only three years of imprisonment.(3).Arnold Schwarzenegger calls for a legislation session because（分数：2.00）A.he wants t
21、o raise more money to enhance prison facilities.B.he believes public money should be responsible for prison construction.C.he realizes the problem with prisons is a lack of investment.D.he plans to win a second term for his governorship.(4).Which of the following is true about the “three-strikes“ la
22、w?（分数：2.00）A.It actually wastes more resources in terms of finance.B.It is approved by voters to save money for the taxpayers.C.It severely punishes those who violate the law for the third time.D.It increases the cost of keeping a prisoner to $ 34,000.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that（分数：
23、2.00）A.the “code of silence“ often helps protect guards from violence.B.the governors office has decided to give a new life to the prisons.C.the solution to overpopulation in prisons lies in softening sentences.D.the prison population calls for more prison-building programs.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)W
24、hen Ted Kennedy gazes from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors “Golden Stairs“, where all eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility
25、“. Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him.As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas
26、 broken immigration system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system
27、 to ensure employers verify that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hire illegals.As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that would encourage further
28、 waves of illegal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success ) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as “so limited its almost a joke“. Conservative talk-ra
29、dio echoed his call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced.Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a
30、 ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections“ for everyone else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400000 to 200000 people a year.Employers like the ide
31、a of more legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even if only one employee
32、in a hundred is falsely labelled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their l
33、abor is in demand.Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that h
34、er party is “about families and family values“. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a domestic success.Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citize
35、ns if they work hard and behave.（分数：10.00）(1).Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph to（分数：2.00）A.introduce the main topic of immigration law reforming.B.remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility.C.stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage.D.em
36、phasize the fact that even a Senator is a descendant of immigrants.(2).Which of the following is true about the present bill?（分数：2.00）A.The bill is widely supported by various political strips.B.The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants.C.The bill is designed to improve American i
37、mmigration system.D.The bill will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired.(3).The word “stoned“ (line 1, paragraph3 ) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.stiffened.B.constructed.C.criticized.D.supported(4).It can inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.the common citizens in the US tend to accept wel
38、l-behaved illegals.B.the democrats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving success.C.employers are the only group that enthusiastically support the new bill.D.illegal immigrants always know where their skills are in great demand.(5).The authors attitude towards this immigration reform seems
39、 to be（分数：2.00）A.supportive.B.objective.C.confused.D.optimistic六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Prince Klemens Von Metternich, foreign minister of the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic era and its aftermath, would have no trouble recognizing Google. To him, the worlds most popular web-search engine would
40、 closely resemble the Napoleonic France that in his youth humiliated Austria and Europes other powers. Its rivalsYahoo!, the largest of the traditional web gateways, eBay, the biggest online auction and trading site, and Microsoft, a software empire that owns MSN, a struggling web portalwould look a
41、 lot like Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Metternich responded by forging an alliance among those three monarchies to create a “balance of power“ against France. Googles enemies, he might say, ought now to do the same thing.Google announced two new conquests on August 7th. It struck a deal with Viacom
42、, an “old“ media firm, under which it will syndicate video clips from Viacom brands such as MTV and Nickelodeon to other websites, and integrate advertisements into them. This makes Google the clear leader in the fledgling but promising market for web-video advertising. It also announced a deal with
43、 News Corporation, another media giant, under which it will pro-vide all the search and text-advertising technology on News Corporations websites, including My Space, an enormously popular social-networking site.These are hard blows for Yahoo! and MSN, which had also been negotiating with News Corpo
44、ration. Both firms have been losing market share in web search to Google over the past yearGoogle now has half the market. They have also fallen further behind in their advertising technologies and networks, so that both make less money than Google does from the same number of searches. Safa Rashtch
45、y, an analyst at Piper Jaffray, a securities firm, estimates that for every advertising dollar that Google makes on a search query, Yahoo! makes only 60-70cents. Last month Yahoo! said that a new advertising algorithm that it had designed to close the gap in profitability will be delayed, and its sh
46、are price fell by 22% , its biggest-ever one-day drop.MSN is further behind Google than Yahoo! in search, and its parent, Microsoft, faces an even more fundamental threat from the expansionist new power. Many of Googles new ventures beyond web search enable users to do things free of charge through
47、their web browsers that they now do using Microsoft software on their personal computers. Google offers a rudimentary but free online word processor and spreadsheet, for instance.The smaller eBay, on the other hand, might in one sense claim Google as an ally. Googles search results send a lot of tra
48、ffic to eBays auction site, and eBay is one of the biggest advertisers on Googles network. But the relationship is imbalanced. An influential re-cent study from Berkeleys Haas School of Business estimated that about 12% of eBays revenues come indirectly from Google, whereas Google gets only 3% of it
49、s revenues from eBay. Worst of all for eBay, Google is starting to undercut its core business. Sellers are setting up their own websites and buying text advertisements from Google, and buyers are using its search rather than eBay to connect with sellers directly. As a result, “eBay would be wise to strike a deep partnership with Yahoo! or Microsoft in order to regain a balance of power in the industry,“ said the studys authors, Julien Decot and Steve Lee, sounding like diplomats at the Congress of Vienna in 1814.（分数：10.00）(1).Prince Klemens is mentione
