1、考研英语-713 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. , one of the six companies, created out of the (1) national railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth (2) , its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train
2、stations (3) is drawing interest.In a plan dubbed “Station Renaissance“ that it (4) in November, JR East said that it would (5) using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants, extending them to (6) more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up (7) for such goods, a
3、s books, flowers and groceries purchased (8) the Internet. In a country (9) urbanites depend heavily on trains (10) commuting, about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway, the company (11) . So, picking up purchases at train stations spare (12) extra travel and missed home deliveri
4、es.JR East already has been using its station (13) stores for this purpose, but it plans to create (14) spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce (15) cards-known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated (16) for holding information- (17) train tickets and
5、 commuter passes (18) the magnetic ones used today, integrating them into a single pass. This will save the company money, because (19) for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also (20) the space needed for ticket vending.（分数：10.00）A.privatizedB.i
6、ndividualizedC.personalizedD.characterizedA.prospectsB.outlooksC.expectationsD.spectaclesA.articulatelyB.originallyC.reluctantlyD.creativelyA.unveiledB.concealedC.demonstratedD.displayedA.come roundB.go beyondC.take overD.set outA.endeavoursB.enterprisesC.functionsD.performancesA.locationsB.entrance
7、sC.vicinitiesD.districtsA.fromB.aboveC.overD.inA.whenB.whereC.whichD.thatA.ofB.inC.aboutD.forA.figuresB.speculatesC.exhibitsD.convincesA.clientsB.consumersC.merchantsD.businessesA.conjunctionB.ornamentC.expenditureD.convenienceA.dedicatedB.devotedC.designatedD.destinedA.cleverB.intelligentC.ingeniou
8、sD.smartA.chorusB.circusC.circumferenceD.circuitA.asB.forC.withD.ofA.as well asB.instead ofC.more thanD.but forA.devicesB.instrumentsC.readersD.examinersA.shrinkB.narrowC.descendD.reduce二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Ive never met a human worth clo
9、ning,“ says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tac
10、tics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,“ says a forum member.One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public
11、 universities-which educate three-quarters of all U. S. undergraduates-to admit students Who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldnt have made the cut under the current statewide ra
12、nking many universities use.（分数：10.00）(1).U.S. court restrictions on affirmative-action signify that（分数：2.00）A.minorities no longer hold the once favored status.B.the quality of American colleges has improved.C.racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice.D.the minority is on an equal footing wi
13、th the majority.(2).What has been a divisive issue across the United States?（分数：2.00）A.Whether affirmative-action should continue to exist.B.Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.C.Whether racism exists in American college admission.D.Whether racial intolerance should be punis
14、hed.(3).CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they（分数：2.00）A.think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education.B.want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation.C.want a workforce that reflects the diversity of t
15、heir customers.D.think it their duty to help develop education of the country.(4).The major tactic the forum uses is to（分数：2.00）A.battle the racial preferences in court.B.support colleges involved in lawsuits of racismC.strive to settle this political debate nationwide.D.find legally viable ways to
16、ensure minority admissions.(5).If the 10% rule is applied,（分数：2.00）A.the best white high school students can get into colleges.B.public universities can get excellent students.C.students from poor rural families can go to colleges.D.good minority students can get into public universities.六、Text 3(总题
17、数：1，分数：10.00)Positive surprises from government reports on retail sales, industrial production, and housing in the past few months are leading economists to revise their real gross domestic product forecasts upward, supporting the notion that the recession ended in December or January.Bear in mind:
18、This recovery wont have the vitality normally associated with an upturn. Economists now expect real GDP growth of about 1. 5% in the first quarter. Thats better than the 0. 4% the consensus projected in December, but much of the additional growth will come from a slower pace of inventory drawdowns,
19、not from surging demand.Moreover, the economy wont grow fast enough to help the labor markets much. The only good news there is that jobless claims have fallen back from their spike after September 11 and that their current level suggests the pace of layoffs is easing.The recovery also does not mean
20、 the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon. The January price indexes show that inflation remains tame. Consequently, the Fed can take its time shifting monetary policy from extreme accommodation to relative neutrality.Perhaps the best news from the latest economic reports was the January d
21、ata on industrial production. Total output fell only 0. 1%, its best showing since July. Factory output was flat, also the best performance in six months. Those numbers may not sound encouraging, but manufacturers have been in recession since late 2000, The data suggest that the factory sector is fi
22、nding a bottom from which to start its recovery.Production of consumer goods, for instance, is almost back up to where it was a year ago. Thats because consumer demand for motor vehicles and other goods and the housing industry remained healthy during the recession, and they are still growing in ear
23、ly 2002.Besides, both the monthly homebuilding starts number and the housing market index for the past two months are running above their averages for all of 2001, suggesting that homebuilding is off to a good start and probably wont be a big drag on GDP growth this year.Equally important to the out
24、look is how the solid housing market will help demand for home-related goods and services. Traditionally, consumers buy the bulk of their furniture, electronics and textiles within a year of purchasing their homes. Thus, spending on such items will do well this year, even as car sales slip now that
25、incentives are less attractive. Look for the output of consumer goods to top year-ago levels in coming months.Even the business equipment sector seems to have bottomed out. Its output rose 0. 4% in January, led by a 0.6% jump computer gear. A pickup in orders for capital goods in the fourth quarter
26、suggests that production will keep increasing-although at a relaxed pace-in coming months.（分数：10.00）(1).American economists are surprised to see that（分数：2.00）A.their government is announcing the end of a recession.B.US economy is showing some signs of an upturn so soon.C.some economic sectors have b
27、ecome leading industries.D.they have to revise the product forecasts so often.(2).The most encouraging fact about the US economy is that（分数：2.00）A.employment rates have risen faster than expected.B.the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon.C.GDP is growing because of surging demand.D.Indust
28、rial production has reached its lowest point.(3).Which of the following best brightens the future of US economy?（分数：2.00）A.Business equipment.B.Computer gear.C.Housing market.D.Motor vehicles.(4).In spite of the good news, the author sounds relatively more reserved about（分数：2.00）A.national GDP growt
29、h.B.price indexes.C.output of consumer goods.D.the number of layoffs.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the LT. S. economic situation today?（分数：2.00）A.All the data still show a bleak year in 2002.B.It is slowly warming up with moderate growth.C.Recession may come back anytime in the coming m
30、onths.D.Most sectors are picking up at a surprisingly fast pace.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Timothy Berners-Lee, might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealth - intentionally-in 1990. Thats when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the mos
31、t important software innovation in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not amass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all.Berners-Lee regards todays Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his origin
32、al expectations. By 2005, he hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Web-a smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans.As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and c
33、oncepts but also theological relationships among them. That has awesome potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantic and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally admit at dealing with language and reason wont just help people uncov
34、er new insights; they could blaze new trails on their own.Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents
35、, or software messengers, to explore Websites by the thousands and logically sift out just whats relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But theres far more.Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers fi
36、nd and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthronghs, including todays Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would m
37、ake it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could b
38、e distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, “will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspect
39、ives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issues-like the environment and climate warming./（分数：10.00）(1).Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have（分数：2.00）A.created the most important innovation in the 1990s.B.accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates.C.pat
40、ented the technology of Microsoft softwareD.given his brainchild to us all.(2).The Semantic Web will be superior to todays web in that it（分数：2.00）A.surpasses people in processing numbers.B.fulfills users original expectations.C.deals with language and reason as well as number.D.responds like a rebel
41、lious adult.(3).To search for any information needed on tomorrows Web, one only has to（分数：2.00）A.wade through screen after screen of extraneous data.B.ask the Web to dispatch some messengers to his door.C.use smart software programs called “agents“.D.explore Web sites by the thousands and pick out w
42、hats relevant.(4).Thanks to the Web of the future,（分数：2.00）A.millions of web pages can be translated overnight.B.one can find most inventions and breakthroughs online.C.software manufacturers can lower the cost of computer parts.D.scientists using different specialty terms can collaborate much bette
43、r.(5).The most appropriate title for this text is（分数：2.00）A.Differences Between Two Webs.B.The Humanization of Computer SoftwareC.A New Solution to World Problems.D.The Creator and His Next Creation.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The making of weathervanes (devices fixed on the top of buildings to show dir
44、ections of the wind) is an ancient skill, going back to early Egyptian times. Today the craft is still very much alive in the workshop that Graham Smith has set up. He is one of the few people in the country who make hand-cut weathervanes. Grahams designs are individually created and tailored to the
45、 specific requirements of his customers. “That way I can produce a unique personalized item,“ he explains, “A lot of my customers are women buying presents for their husbands. They want a distinctive gift that represents the mans business or leisure interests.“Its all a far cry from the traditional
46、cock, the most common design for weathervanes.It was not a cock but a witch on a broomstick that featured on the first weathervane Graham ever made. Friends admired his surprise present for his wife and began asking him to make vanes for them. “I realized that when it came to subjects that could be
47、made into them, the possibilities were limitless,“ he says.(41) _That was five years ago and he has no regrets about his new direction. “My previous work didnt have an artistic element to it, whereas this is exciting and creative,“ he says, “I really enjoy the design side.“(42) _Graham also keeps pl
48、enty of traditional designs in stock, since they prove as popular as the one-offs. “It seems that people are attracted to handcrafting, Graham says, “They welcome the opportunity to acquire something a little bit different.“(43) _“I have found my place in the market. People love the individuality an
49、d I get a lot of satisfaction from seeing a nondescript shape turn into something almost lifelike, he says.(44)“And nowadays, with more and more people moving to the country, individuals want to put an exclusive finishing touch to their properties. It has bean a boost to crafts like mines,“(45) _American and Danish huyers in particular are showing interest. “Pricing,“ he explains, “depends on the intricacy of the design. “His most recent request was for a curly-coated dog. Whatever the
