1、考研英语-703 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also (1) rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again (2) as our protective blanket on earth. Lightgets through, and this is essential for plants to (3)
2、 the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air (4) outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are (5) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are (6) to this radiation, but their space suits or the walls of the
3、ir spacecraft, if they are inside, (7) prevent a lot of radiation damage. (8) is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem“. Scientists have (9) to think that a man can (10) far more radiation than 0.1 ram without being damaged: the figure of 60 rems has b
4、een agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to make (11) about radiation damagea person may feel perfectly well, (12) the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will (13) be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apoll
5、o flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew (14) a large amount of rems. So far; no (15) amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are. going to (16) wh
6、en they spend weeks and months outside the (17) of the atmosphere, (18) in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to (19) the damage done by radiation, but no really (20) ones have been found so far.（分数：10.00）A.theB.withC.because ofD.dangerousA.usesB.actsC.treatsD.floatsA.offerB.provideC.makeD.obtainA
7、.fromB.intoC.offD.byA.defendedB.preventedC.postponedD.screenedA.invulnerableB.viciousC.ineffectiveD.exposedA.doB.toC.theyD.whoA.exposureB.radiationC.raysD.flyingA.reasonB.itC.thatD.moreA.receiveB.put up withC.copeD.put offA.rightB.sureC.understandableD.wiseA.whenB.furthermoreC.butD.evenA.yetB.stillC
8、.norD.continuouslyA.accumulatedB.assembledC.containedD.gatheredA.largeB.enormousC.poisonousD.dangerousA.move alongB.stay aliveC.get onD.come backA.guardB.coverC.layerD.protectionA.flyingB.workingC.trappingD.stayingA.stopB.removeC.decreaseD.eliminateA.usefulB.effectiveC.purposefulD.efficient二、Section
9、 Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Bilingual education in New York City was originally viewed as a transitional program that would teach foreign-born children in their native languages until they were fluent enough in English to enter the educational mainstream.
10、 But over the last 25 years, bilingual programs at many schools have become foreign-language ghettos from which many children never escape. The need to expose foreign-born students to more English during the school day-and to move them as quickly as possible into the mainstream-was underscored this
11、week in a pair of reports, one from Mayor Rudolph Giulianis task force on bilingual education and one form Schools Chancellor Harold Levy.The push to reform bilingual education has intensified across the country since the Silicon Valley millionaire Ron k. Unz championed a ballot initiative that ende
12、d bilingual education in California two years ago. Opponents of bilingual education want it replaced with the so-called immersion method, in which students are forced to “sink or swim“ in classes taught entirely in English. Immersion has at least a chance of success in the early grades, where childr
13、en are mainly being taught to read and write. But it is a recipe for failure in the upper grades, where older foreign-born students must simultaneously learn English and master complex subjects like math, science and literature.Mayor Giuliani and Schools Chancellor Levy have wisely called for reform
14、ing special education instead of dismantling it. Both reports want to end the practice of dragooning children into the system, and call on administrators to offer parents a range of choices. Instead of automatically assigning students to bilingual classes where they take subjects like mathematics an
15、d social studies in their native languagesparents would be allowed to choose other options, including the strategy of English as a second language, in which most instruction is offered in English. Children would be moved into the mainstream as quickly as possible, preferably within three years.But t
16、hese sensible reforms have little chance of succeeding unless the city and the state act quickly to train and recruit teachers who can perform the needed task. Nearly 30 percent of bilingual instructors are uncertified. Some have not even mastered the languages they have been hired to teach. True re
17、form will require dollars, determination and a qualified teacher in every classroom.（分数：10.00）(1).Which word can best describe the authors attitude to the two reports frequently mentioned?（分数：2.00）A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.D.Objectiv(2).According to the passage, “sink or swim“ (Sentence
18、2, Paragraph 2)is_.（分数：2.00）A.absolutely wrong.B.partly right.C.a good idea.D.a proven metho(3).Which of the following is NOT included in the two reports concerned?（分数：2.00）A.rents and children should have more right to choose courses.B.English may .be taught as a second language.C.Schools should es
19、tablish a system so that students may be moved into the mainstream as soon as possible.D.Bilingual education is out of date and should be replaced by a brand-new teaching system.(4).The word “dragoon“ (Sentence 2, Paragraph 3) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.deceiveB.leadC.forceD.manage(5).At the end of
20、the passage, suggestions are made EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.that the city and state take actions to improve bilingual education.B.that teachers who make contributions in this field be rewarded.C.that schools be in great need of qualified teachers.D.that measures be taken to change the current situation.五、T
21、ext 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or private-should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by go
22、vernment and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be great
23、er. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women s earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchss results suggest that the earnings
24、 of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees. Other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consu
25、mers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into th
26、ree categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities. ) Browns research design controlled for education, labor force participation, mobility, moti
27、vation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. Fo
28、r women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Brow
29、ns results are clearly consistent with Fuchss argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that
30、 private employers axe discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on womens earnings as is discrimination
31、 in the private sector.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.discrimination from consumersB.discrimination from financial institutionsC.problems in obtaining good employeesD.problems in obtaining government a
32、ssistance(2).The author would be most likely to agree with the following conclusion about discrimination against women by private employers and by government employers:_.（分数：2.00）A.Both private employers and government employers discriminate, with equal effects on women s earnings.B.Both private emp
33、loyers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by private employers has .a greater effect on womens earnings.C.Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on womens earnings.D.Private employer
34、s discriminate; it is possible that government employers discriminat(3).According to Browns study, womens earnings categories occur in which of the following orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings?（分数：2.00）A.Government employment, self-employment.B.Private employment, private employment, s
35、elf-employment.C.Private employment, self-employment, government employment.D.Private employment, government employment, self-employment.(4).Which of the following questions does the passage answer explicitly?（分数：2.00）A.Why were Black workers excluded from the sample used in Browns study?B.Why do pr
36、ivate employers discriminate more against women than do government employers?C.Why do self-employed women have more difficulty than men in hiring high quality employees?D.Why do suppliers discriminate against self-employed women?(5).Which of the following titles best describes the content of the pas
37、sage as a whole?（分数：2.00）A.The Necessity for Earnings Differentials in Free Market Economy.B.Why Discrimination Against Employed Women by Government Employers and Private Employers Differs from Discrimination Against Self-Employed Women by Consumers.C.The Relative Effect of Discrimination by Governm
38、ent Employers, Private Employers, and Consumers on Womens Earnings.D.The Relative Effect of Private Employer Discrimination on Womens Earnings.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Something big is happening to the human race-something that could be called The Great Transformation.The Transformation consists of a
39、ll the changes that are occurring m human life due to advancing technology. For thousands of years such progress occurred slowly. Now, everything is changing so fast that you may find yourself wondering where all this progress is really leading.Nobody knows what all these changes really will mean in
40、 the long run. But this mysterious Transformation is the biggest story of all time. It is the story of the human race itself.Some people worry about what will happen when the deposits of petroleum are gone, but already researchers are finding all kinds of new ways to obtain energy. Someday, solar po
41、wer collected by satellites circling the earth of fission power manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization. Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as leading to the harvest of mineral resources like the a
42、steroids.Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed-of possibilities. Fifty years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers, lasers, and holography. Today, a host of newly emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and genetic engineering are opening up a
43、ll kinds of new paths for technologists.Like it or not, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth. We not only dominate all the other animals, but we are reshaping the world s plant life and even its soil and rocks, its waters and surrounding air. Mountains are being dug up to provid
44、e minerals and stone for buildings. The very ground under our feet is washing away as we chop down the forests, plow up the fields, and excavate foundations for our buildings.Human junk is cluttering up not only the land but even the bottom of the sea. And so many chemicals are being released into t
45、he air by human activities that scientists worry that the entire globe may warm, causing the polar icecaps to melt and ocean waters to flood vast areas of the land.During the twentieth century, advancing technology has enabled man to reach thousands of feet into the ocean depths and to climb the hig
46、hest mountains. Mount Everest, the highest mountain of all, resisted all climbers until the 1950s: Now man is reaching beyond Earth to the moon, Mars, and the stars.No one knows what the Great Transformation means or where it will ultimately lead. But one thing is sure: Human life 50 years from now
47、will be very different from what it is today.Its also worth noting that our wondrous technology is posing an increasingly insistent question: When we can do so many things, how can we possibly decide what we really should do? When humans were relatively powerless, they didnt have to make the choices
48、 they have to make today.Technology gives us the power to build a magnificent new civilizationif we can just agree on what we want it to be. But today, there is little global agreement on goals and how we should achieve them.So it remains to be seen what will happen as a result of our technology. Pe
49、ssimists worry that we will use the technology eventually to blow ourselves up. But they have been saying that for decades, and so far we have escaped. Whether we will continue to do so remains unknown-but we can continue to hope.（分数：10.00）(1).The Great Transformation is caused by_.（分数：2.00）A.artificial intelligence and genetic engineeringB.the shortage of natural resourcesC.the development of practical scienceD.unknown reasons(2).Today it is impossible for people to build a remarkable new civilization because_.（分数：2.00）A.nob
