1、考研英语-684 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school
2、, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “ childhood amnesia “ . One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is (5) for formling memories, does not mature until about t
3、he age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows another as in a novel or film. (9) , when they search through their mental (10) for
4、 early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11) . Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply are
5、nt any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken (13) of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. (16) , children have to talk about their (17) and hear othe
6、rs talk about themMother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr.Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.（分数：10.00）A.figureB.interpretC.recallD.affir
7、mA.sinceB.even ifC.as thoughD.just asA.largelyB.rarelyC.merelyD.reallyA.refutedB.defiedC.proposedD.witnessedA.responsibleB.suitableC.favorableD.availableA.declinesB.assessesC.estimatesD.maintainsA.reflectB.attainC.accessD.acquireA.narrativesB.forecastsC.communicationsD.descriptionsA.HenceB.HoweverC.
8、ThusD.EvenA.depositsB.beamsC.flashesD.filesA.modelB.patternC.frameD.formulaA.emphasisB.assertionC.explanationD.assumptionA.descriptionB.manipulationC.regulationD.coordinationA.instinctsB.feelingsC.sensationsD.experiencesA.impressionsB.beliefsC.mindsD.insightsA.In all sensesB.In some casesC.In other
9、wordsD.In all aspectsA.influenceB.maintenanceC.existenceD.experiencesA.takenB.utilizedC.appliedD.spentA.habitualB.verbalC.uniqueD.particularA.permanentB.mentalC.spiritualD.conscious二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Supreme Court will hear arguments
10、 about the use of public money for the private schooling of children with special needs. Its interesting to note whats not at issue: namely, that when a public school system is unable to provide an appropriate education, it is obligated to pay the costs of private school. Too bad poor children dont
11、have that unshakable right; if they did, there would be no controversy about the District program that gives vouchers to low-income children to attend private schools.The case to be heard by the court hinges on whether parents have to enroll a child with special needs in public school before the chi
12、ld can attend private school at public expense. Special-education advocates say students shouldnt have to waste time before being placed in a setting that best suits their needs, while school boards worry about a ruling that could amount to an unfettered fight to private schooling at public expense.
13、 What strikes us about the emotionally charged debate is the acceptance by both sides that sometimes it is appropriate to use public money to pay for a child to go to a private school. So, why all the arguments about the approximately$14 million for a federally funded program that lets 1,700 D. C. s
14、tudents attend private schools instead of failing public schools?To hear critics of the D. C. Opportunity Scholarship Program tell it, the use of public money for private schooling is as unprecedented as it is undesirable. In addition to the billions of dollars spent annually on private school tuiti
15、ons for students with disabilities, private schools get public money for books, technology and teacher training. As long as the money is seen as benefiting the child, it is considered a proper, even desirable, use of public dollars.Dont get us wrong. Were not arguing for the unilateral right of pare
16、nts to enroll their sons and daughters in any school they wish with the taxpayers picking up the bill. Abuse of special-education policies has contributed to increased costs that threaten to take needed money from general public education funds. Safeguards are needed. Public schools should be presse
17、d to do a better job for students with disabilities and students without. But there are schools in Washington where statistics show that failure is almost guaranteed. If a school system cant educate a childwhether because of acute special needs or its own historical failingswhy should that child not
18、 have options for a “ free appropriate public education “ ?（分数：10.00）(1).What can be inferred from the arguments at the Supreme Court?（分数：2.00）A.Too much public money is put into the private schools for children with special needs.B.Public schools are of very poor education quality.C.People consider
19、 it is reasonable to use public money for certain students private schooling.D.People find it is amusing arguing about spending public money for private schooling.(2).Which of the following is TRUE about the special-education advocates opinion?（分数：2.00）A.They strongly believe that children should be
20、 put directly into the private schools.B.They think that children should try out both places before making decisions.C.They dont feel there is still a need to argue about this problem any more.D.They hold the opinion that parents can make decisions for their children.(3).What does the word “ unfette
21、red “ (Line 4, Para. 2)mean?（分数：2.00）A.Unlimited.B.Extreme.C.Unwanted.D.Ultimate.(4).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.While putting public money in private schools, public schools can also benefit.B.Public schools only consider the need of students without disabilities.C.It is ch
22、ildrens right to choose private schools when public ones arent good enough.D.There is evidence to show that public schools in Washington D. C. are terrible.(5).What is the authors attitude toward using public money to pay for the private schooling of the disabled students?（分数：2.00）A.Passionate.B.Sup
23、portive.C.Confused.D.Hesitant.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A petition to save Arlington Countys David M. Brown Planetarium is 800 signatures strong and there are more than 3,000 fans on the related Face book page, but the facility is still cut from the proposed schools budget.“ There are a couple of week
24、s before the public schools budget is final, “ said James Gartner, a member of the organization working to save the 40-year-old planetarium before the April 29 cutoff date.Patrick K. Murphy, Arlington schools superintendent, said during remarks updating his budget figures last week that school offic
25、ials are “ in a dialogue “ with planetarium supporters.“ I would encourage us to continue to keep this dialogue open, evaluate positionsand think about a window of time ranging anywhere from 12 to 18 months to see whether the community can raise enough money to keep the institution open, “ Murphy sa
26、id.The planetariums $230,000 operating budget is cut from the proposed fiscal 2011 budget because the facility is outdated and requires about $500,000 in upgrades. School officials have said the money is needed elsewhere in the system.Gartner said a core group of supporters is becoming a nonprofit,
27、but he fears that without the School Boards support, the planetarium could still be closed by July.“ If we dont get that other year, we believe any fundraising activities would be sabotaged if the planetarium is already closed. “ he said.Last week, the School Board presented the Arlington County Boa
28、rd with a $439.8 million budget, $2.3 million less than what Murphy proposed in February, primarily because of less state funding.The new budget figures include several English as a second language specialists who were previously cut, thanks to updated student enrollment numbers and adjustments made
29、 by the state to the required retirement accounts for school employees.“ School-based substitutes, many transportation cuts and higher sports fees also were reinstated, “ Murphy said.Students and teachers from the Langston and Arlington Mill continuing education programs spoke at the boards meeting
30、last week requesting no changes to the programs.“ The system has proposed to reduce the continuing education teachers salaries by 17 percent, add days to their school year and cut instructional time so the program is more consistent with high school schedules. The adjustments allowed all of the teac
31、hers to keep their jobs and put the program in a better position for future initiatives, “ said Betty E. Hobbs, assistant superintendent of personnel.（分数：10.00）(1).In Gartners opinion, there is_.（分数：2.00）A.hardly any hope for the Planetarium not being closedB.little chance for his organization to sa
32、ve the PlanetariumC.some chance for his organization to persuade the schoolD.still opportunity for the Planetarium not being closed(2).What is school officials opinion on the Planetarium?（分数：2.00）A.They havent made the final decision to close it.B.They are waiting for rich people to save it.C.They a
33、re trying to collect money for it.D.They are resolute in closing the facility.(3).According to Gartner, the School Board_.（分数：2.00）A.is indifferent to the fate of the PlanetariumB.has the final decision on the fate of the PlanetariumC.is against the budget on upgrading the PlanetariumD.is always the
34、 opponent of the Planetariums supporters(4).Why can the specialists benefit from the budget?（分数：2.00）A.Because they were once the victims of the budget cut.B.Because they will retire in the near future.C.Because they object the budget on the Planetarium.D.Because they have more students to teach.(5)
35、.According to Hobbs, the adjustment on the continuing education_.（分数：2.00）A.has already influenced its personnel and resources allocationB.meant to put it into an advantageous position for future developmentC.has produced a serious consequence on both its students and teachersD.has been granted by t
36、he School Board to be implemented in July六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Current Group, a Germantown-based technology firm, has taken over an ordinary looking house in Bethesda and turned it into a laboratory for smart-grid technology, the system the company believes will bring the nations electricity grids
37、 into the digital age.In the front yard stands a utility pole hooked up to a special transformer that connects the power lines to high-speed Internet. Hundreds of sensors attached to the lines monitor how power flows through the home. That information is then sent back to the utility company.The pro
38、cess lets a utility more efficiently manage the distribution of electricity by allowing two-way communication between consumers and energy suppliers via the broadband network on the power lines. Based on data they receive from hundreds of homes, utilities can monitor usage and adjust output and pric
39、ing in response to demand. Consumers can be rewarded with reduced rates by cutting back on consumption during peak periods. And computerized substations can talk to each other so overloaded circuits hand off electricity to those that have not fully loaded, helping to prevent blackouts.Some utility c
40、ompanies have launched initiatives to give consumers data about their energy consumption habits in an effort to lower energy bills. Smart-grid technology takes such programs further by automating electricity distribution, which would make grids more reliable and efficient.By partnering with utilitie
41、s, the company hopes to tap into $4.5 billion in stimulus grants intended to encourage smart-grid development. When he announced the funding, President Obama pointed to a project in Boulder, Colo. , as an example of a successful smart-grid experiment. Current is one of the companies working on the p
42、roject.Currents chief executive Tom Casey believes the technology will help utility companies better distribute electricity produced by renewable resources, such as solar panels or wind farms. “ A smart grids system can be paired up with the renewable resources so that when the renewable source is v
43、arying, the overall load can be varied as well, “ Casey told the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming. “ This will reduce or eliminate the need for backup coal or gas-based power generation plants. /（分数：10.00）(1).For smart-grid technology to work, which of the following i
44、s a must?（分数：2.00）A.The front yard of a house with a tall wooden pole.B.A huge hook that can connect power lines together.C.High-speed Internet access and Internet services.D.Many monitors through which power flowing can be seen.(2).What benefit can the smart-grid technology bring?（分数：2.00）A.Substat
45、ions can talk to each other through computers.B.The consumers and energy suppliers can have direct communication.C.Consumers can be rewarded for using less electricity.D.The electricity supply of a certain area can be adjusted accordingly.(3).Why is the system called “ smart-grid “ technology?（分数：2.
46、00）A.Because with all the sensors and transformers, the equipment looks very modern.B.Because with all the data, they can help the utilities make clever decisions.C.Because the technology is making good use of computer intelligence.D.Because the consumers can have wise ideas on the usage of electric
47、ity.(4).What does the phrase “ tap into “ (Line 1. Para. 5)mean?（分数：2.00）A.To take advantage of the government money.B.To organize a smooth money flow.C.To spend money like water.D.To absorb the money from shareholders.(5).Whats the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Computers and Internet bring utilit
48、ies into digital age.B.A new technology is introduced into the nations electricity grids.C.The U. S. government will work with a private electricity company.D.Smart-grid technology will take the place of coal or gas based power plant.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Bram Cohen was an unusual kid. While other
49、 first-graders were outside playing, he was writing computer code. By junior high, he could solve Rubiks Cube in a few minutes. A college dropout, he went on to co-found a hackers convention in San Francisco. “ I was always really weird, “ he says. Yet it was only two years ago, at age27, that he learned why. Cohen says he has trouble examining his thoughts and making eye contact but has learned to control his symptoms using behavioral psychology. Now he has a new task: warding off accusations by the Hollywood film industry that a
