1、考研英语-653 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast agricultural hinterland. Market days (1) the crowded city even more
2、crowded, as farmers from within a (2) of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, vegetables, cider and other products for direct sale to the (3) . The High Street Market was continuously (4) throughout the period until 1736, (5) it (6) from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on
3、Second Street. The next year the Callow Hill Market began (7) . Along with market days, the (8) of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia (9) after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The (10) provided a means of bringing handmade goods from (11) places to woul
4、d-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, (12) , were popular items. Auctions were another popular (13) of trade. Because of the competition, retail (14) opposed these as well as the fairs. (15) governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the
5、 ordinary (16) of economic development was on the merchantsside, as increasing business specialization became the (17) of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear (18) general stores selling a variety of goods. One of the
6、reasons Philadelphias merchants prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, (19) , in the capital city of the province, (20) to not only the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony.（分数：10.00）A.f
7、ollowedB.sawC.wittedD.increasedA.radiationB.extentC.radiusD.territoryA.townspeopleB.farmersC.merchantsD.governorsA.envisionedB.endangeredC.enrichedD.enlargedA.thatB.whatC.howD.whenA.variedB.rangedC.reachedD.differedA.operationB.saleC.cooperationD.corporationA.cultureB.institutionC.deedD.malpracticeA
8、.thereforeB.hardlyC.stillD.evenA.stateB.fairsC.farmersD.citiesA.outweighingB.outreachingC.outlyingD.outrageousA.howeverB.for exampleC.moreoverD.in comparisonA.solutionB.formatC.styleD.formA.merchantsB.farmersC.businessmenD.citizensA.Now thatB.SinceC.AlthoughD.IfA.courseB.trickC.velocityD.hatchA.comm
9、andB.orderC.recommendationD.sequenceA.in addition toB.for the purpose ofC.with regard toD.at the risk ofA.for allB.above allC.at allD.after allA.resortingB.turningC.cateringD.committing二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Suddenly, the economics of Americ
10、an suburban life are under assault as skyrocketing energy prices inflate the costs of reaching, heating and cooling homes on the distant edges of metropolitan areas. Just off Singing Hills Road, in one of hundreds of two-story homes dotting a former cattle ranch beyond the southern fringes of Denver
11、, Phil Boyle and his family openly wonder if they will have to move close to town to get some relief. They still revel in the space and quiet that has drawn a steady exodus from American cities toward places like this for more than half a century. But life on the edges of suburbia is beginning to fe
12、el untenable. Mr. Boyle and his wife must drive nearly an hour to their jobs in the high-tech corridor of southern Denver. With gasoline at more than $ 4 a gallon, Mr. Boyle recently paid $121 to fill his pickup truck with diesel fuel. In March, the last time he filled his propane tank to heat his s
13、pacious house, he paid $ 566, more than twice the price of 5 years ago. Though Mr. Boyle finds city life unappealing, it is now up for reconsideration. “Living closer in, in a smaller space, where you dont have that commute,“ he said, “Its definitely something we talk about. Before it waswe spend to
14、o much time driving. Now, its we spend too much time and money driving. “ Across the nation, the realization is taking hold that rising energy prices are less a momentary blip than a change with lasting consequences. The shift to costlier fuel is threatening to slow the decades-old migration away fr
15、om cities, while exacerbating the housing downturn by diminishing the appeal of larger homes set far from urban jobs. In Atlanta, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Minneapolis, homes beyond the urban core have been falling in value faster than those within, according to an analysis by Moodys Economy.
16、com. In Denver, housing prices in the urban core rose steadily from 2003 until late last year compared with previous years, before dipping nearly 5 percent in the last three months of last year, according to Economy. com. But house prices in the suburbs began falling earlier, in the middle of 2006,
17、and then accelerated, dropping by 7 percent during the last three months of the year from a year earlier. Many factors have propelled the unraveling of American real estate, from the mortgage crisis to a staggering excess of home construction. But economists and real estate agents are growing convin
18、ced that the rising cost of energy is now a primary factor pushing home prices down in the suburbs. More than three-fourths of prospective home buyers are now more inclined to live in an urban area because of fuel prices, according to a recent survey of 903 real estate agents with Coldwell Banker, t
19、he national brokerage firm.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs we can learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.soaring energy prices caused inflation in AmericaB.rising energy prices are threatening Phils cattle businessC.jumping fuel prices make suburban life costlierD.shooting fuel costs make urban life una
20、ppealing(2).By saying “Now, its we spend too much time and money driving.“ (Line 3, Paragraph 3), Phil implies_.（分数：2.00）A.driving is not only time-costing but luxuriousB.it could be time-saving to live in smaller placesC.costlier fuel leads to more expensive commutationD.driving to a remote city is
21、 costly and unappealing(3).What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.People would reject suburban housing because of costlier fuel.B.With ever-increasing fuel prices, suburban houses would devalue for a long time.C.Being far from suburbs diminishes the appeal of downtown houses.D.House
22、prices will drop continuously because of fuel shortage.(4).The key factor contributing to the downturn of American suburban real estate is_. （分数：2.00）A.crisis of loanB.excessive home constructionC.buyersinclination to live in an urban areaD.the constant rise of fuel prices(5). According to the text,
23、 which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Fuel prices shift math for life in far suburbs.B.Energy crisis hit American real estate.C.Better life is not available in suburbia any more.D.More buyers prefer urban houses for job opportunities.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For years, smokers have be
24、en exhorted to take the initiative and quit: use a nicotine patch, chew nicotine gum, take a prescription medication that can help, call a help line, just say no. But a new study finds that stopping is seldom an individual decision. Smokers tend to quit in groups, the study finds, which means smokin
25、g cessation programs should work best if they focus on groups rather than individuals. It also means that people may help many more than just themselves by quitting: quitting can have a ripple effect prompting an entire social network to break the habit. The study, by Dr. Nicholas Christakis of Harv
26、ard Medical School and James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, followed thousands of smokers and nonsmokers for 32 years, from 1971 until 2003, studying them as part of a large network of relatives, co-workers, neighbors, friends and friends of friends. It was a time when the percen
27、tage of adult smokers in the United States fell to 21 percent from 45 percent. As the investigators watched the smokers and their social networks, they saw what they said was a striking effectsmokers had formed little social clusters and, as the years went by, entire clusters of smokers were stoppin
28、g en masse. So were clusters of clusters that were only loosely connected. Dr. Christakis described watching the vanishing clusters as like lying on your back in a field, looking up at stars that were burning out. “Its not like one little star turning off at a time,“ he said,“Whole constellations ar
29、e blinking off at once. “ As cluster after cluster of smokers disappeared, those that remained were pushed to the margins of society, isolated, with fewer friends, fewer social connections. “Smokers used to be the center of the party,“ Dr. Fowler said, “but now theyve become wallflowers.“ “Weve know
30、n smoking was bad for your physical health,“ he said,“But this shows it also is bad for your social health. Smokers are likely to drive friends away. “ “There is an essential public health message,“ said Richard Suzman, director of the office of behavioral and social research at the National Institu
31、te on Aging, which financed the study. “Obviously, people have to take responsibility for their behavior,“ Mr. Suzman said. “But a social environment,“ he added, “can just overpower free will. “ With smoking, that can be a good thing, researchers noted. But there also is a sad side. As Dr. Steven Se
32、hroeder of the University of California, San Francisco, pointed out in an editorial accompanying the paper, “a risk of the marginalization of smoking is that it further isolates the group of people with the highest rate of smokingpersons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse, or both. /
33、（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements is true according to the opening paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Smokers have been prevented from quit smoking for years.B.It is rare that smokers make a decision to quit.C.It is preferable to abstain from smoking in groups.D.Nonsmoker could be affected because o
34、f the ripple effects.(2).The word “en masse“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.at largeB.all togetherC.in the endD.respectively(3).By saying “but now they ve become wallflowers“ (Line 3, Paragraph 4), Dr. Fowler intends to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.those who are isolated by clusters
35、tend to quit smokingB.those who keep smoking are now loosely connected to their previous groupsC.those ongoing smokers tend to drive their friend away in partiesD.smoking in clusters are bad for the health of individuals and society alike(4).What can we conclude from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.So
36、cial responsibility is widely-acknowledged.B.Smokers ignoring social environment are self-centered.C.Going on smoking is wrong-headed.D.Social influence on smoking is double-edged.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Big Social Factor in Quitting SmokingB.How to
37、 Quit Smoking EfficientlyC.Ripple Effect within Social NetworksD.Marginalization of Smoking Is Dangerous六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Largely for “spiritual reasons“, Nancy Manos started home-schooling her children five years ago and has studiously avoided public schools ever since. Yet last week, she was
38、 enthusiastically enrolling her 8-year-old daughter, Olivia, in sign language and modern dance classes at Eagleridge Enrichmenta program run by the Mesa, Ariz. , public schools and taught by district teachers. Manos still wants to handle the basics, but likes that Eagleridge offers the extras, “thin
39、gs I couldnt teach. “ One doubt, though, lingers in her mind. why would the public school system want to offer home-school families anything? A big part of the answer is economics. The number of home-schooled kids nationwide has risen to as many as 1.9 million from an estimated 345,000 in 1994, and
40、school districts that get state and local dollars per child are beginning to suffer. In Maricopa County, which includes Mesa, the number of home-schooled kids has more than doubled during that period to 7,526, at about $ 4,500 a child, thats nearly $ 34 million a year in lost revenue. Not everyones
41、happy with these innovations. Some states have taken the opposite tack. Like about half the states, West Virginia refuses to allow home-schooled kids to play public-school sports. And in Arizona, some complain that their tax dollars are being used to create programs for families who, essentially, es
42、chew participation in public life. “That makes my teeth grit,“ says Daphne Atkeson, whose 10-year-old son attends public school in Paradise Valley. Even some committed home-schoolers question the new programs, given their central irony., they turn home-schoolers into public-school students, says Bob
43、 Parsons, president of the Alaska Private and Home Educators Association. “Weve lost about one third of our members to those programs. Theyre so enticing. “ Mesa started Eagleridge four years ago, when it saw how much money it was losing from home schoolersand how unprepared some students were when
44、they re-entered the schools. Since it began, the programs enrollment has nearly doubled to 397, and last year the district moved Eagleridge to a strip mall (between a pizza joint and a laser-tag arcade). Parents typically drop off their kids once a week; because most of the children qualify as quart
45、er-time students, the district collects $ 911 per child. “Its like getting a taste of what real school is like,“ says 10-year-old Chad Lucas, whos learning computer animation and creative writing. Other school districts are also experimenting with novel ways to court home schoolers. The town of Gale
46、na, Alaska, (pop. 600) has just 178 students. But in 1997, its school administrators figured they could reach beyond their borders. Under the program, the district gives home-schooling families free computers and Internet service for correspondence classes. In return, the district gets $ 3,100 per s
47、tudent enrolled in the program$ 9.6 million a year, which it has used partly for a new vocational school. Such alternatives just might appeal to other districts. Ernest Felty, head of Hardin County schools in southern Illinois, has 10 home-schooled pupils. That may not sound like much except that he
48、 has a staff of 68, and at $ 4,500 a child, “thats probably a teachers salary,“ Fehy says. With the right robotics or art class, though, he could take the home out of home schooling.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.justifying a
49、n assumptionC.explaining a phenomenonD.making a comparison(2).The public school system wants to offer home-school families something, because_.（分数：2.00）A.it does not want to lose much money from the increasing home-schoolersB.home-schoolers have some difficulty in getting some particular knowledgeC.home-schoolers are eager to have a taste of what a real school is likeD.it has the responsibility to help the home-schoolers(3).The statement “That makes my teeth grit,“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.I w
