1、考研英语-647 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of (1) , crime, poverty and moral (2) Th
2、eir distrust was caused, (3) , by a national ideology that (4) farming the greatest occupation and rural living (5) to urban living. This attitude (6) even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential (7) of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ide
3、ology. Thousands (8) the precarious (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people (9) from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were (10) with great problems, eagerl
4、y (11) the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the (12) of the city.One of many reforms came (13) the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by (14) governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the
5、privately owned utility companies would (15) exorbitant (过渡的) rates for these essential services and (16) them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by (17) the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. (18) of thes
6、e reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would (19) widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a (20) price.（分数：10.00）A.eruptionB.corruptionC.interruptionD.provocationA.disgraceB.deteriorationC.dishonorD.degradationA.by originB.in partC.at allD.at randomA.proclaimedB.exclaimedC.
7、claimedD.reclaimA.superbB.superC.exceptionalD.superiorA.predominatedB.dominatedC.commandedD.prevailedA.featureB.peculiarityC.qualityD.attributeA.desertedB.departedC.abolishedD.abandonedA.reallocatedB.migratedC.replacedD.substitutedA.overwhelmedB.overflowedC.overtakenD.preoccupiedA.embracedB.adoptedC
8、.huggedD.containedA.chaosB.choresC.chorusD.outbreaksA.atB.byC.outD.inA.publicB.municipalC.republicanD.nationalA.chargeB.takeC.costD.spendA.distributeB.deliverC.transferD.transportA.degeneratingB.generatingC.regeneratingD.regulatingA.ProponentsB.OpponentsC.SponsorsD.RivalsA.secureB.ensureC.reassureD.
9、incurA.fairB.justC.squareD.objective二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cultural responses to modernization often manifest themselves in the mass media. For example, Aldous Huxley, in Brave New World, created a fictional world in which he cautioned reade
10、rs that modern science and technology posed a threat to individual dignity. Charlie Chaplins film Modern Times, set in a futuristic manufacturing plant, also told the story of the dehumanizing impact of modernization and machinery. Writers and artists, in their criticisms of the modern world, often
11、point to technologys ability to alienate people from one another, capitalisms tendency to foster greed, and governments inclination to create bureaucracies that oppress rather than help people.Among the major values of the modern period, four typically manifest themselves in the cultural environment
12、: celebrating the individual, believing in rational order, working efficiently, and rejecting tradition. These values of the modern period were originally embodied in the printing press and later in newspapers and magazines. The print media encouraged the vision of individual writers, publishers, an
13、d readers who circulated new ideas. Whereas the premodern period was guided by strong beliefs in a natural or divine order, becoming modern meant elevating individual self-expression to a central position. Along with democratic breakthroughs, however, individualism and the Industrial Revolution trig
14、gered modern forms of hierarchy, in which certain individuals and groups achieved higher standing in the social order. For example, those who managed commercial enterprises gained more control over the economic ladder, while an intellectual class of modern experts, who mastered specialized realms of
15、 knowledge, gained increasing power over the nations social, political, and cultural agendas.To be modern also meant to value the capacity of organized, scientific minds to solve problems efficiently. Progressive thinkers maintained that the printing press, the telegraph, and the railroad in combina
16、tion with a scientific attitude would foster a new type of informed society. At the core of this society, the printed mass media, particularly newspapers, would educate the citizenry, helping to build and maintain an organized social framework. Journalists strove for the premodern ideal through a mo
17、re fact-based and efficient approach to reporting. They discarded decorative writing and championed a lean look. Modern front-page news de-emphasized description, commentary, and historical context. The lead sentences that reported a presidential press conference began to look similar, whether they
18、were on the front page in Tupelo, Mississippi, or Wahpeton, North Dakota. Just as modern architecture made many American skylines look alike, the front pages of newspapers began to resemble one another.Finally, to be modern meant to throw off the rigid rules of the past, to break with tradition. Mod
19、ern journalism became captivated by timely and immediate events. As a result, the more standardized forms of front-page journalism, on the one hand, championed facts and current events while efficiently meeting deadlines. But on the other hand, modern newspapers often failed to take a historical per
20、spective or to analyze sufficiently the ideas underlying these events.（分数：10.00）(1).The author seems to suggest that（分数：2.00）A.the mass media have created the modern culture.B.modern culture have revolutionized the mass media.C.technology has changed the role of the mass media.D.the mass media are o
21、ften critical of the modern culture.(2).All of the following are the major values of the modern world EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.individual self-expression.B.social order and discipline.C.the efficient solutions to problems.D.the repudiation of tradition.(3).Unfortunately, the emphasis on individualism often（
22、分数：2.00）A.makes some people more powerful.B.leads to the disruption of natural order.C.leads to a rise in the number of crimes.D.violates democratic principles and doctrines.(4).Modern journalistic reporting emphasizes（分数：2.00）A.analysis.B.context.C.facts.D.description.(5).The passage is mainly abou
23、t（分数：2.00）A.the shifting values in modern culture.B.the impact of modernization on the mass media.C.the role of the mass media in education.D.the rise of individualism in modern culture.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It seems impossible to have an honest conversation about global warming. I say this after
24、diligently perusing the British governments huge report released last week by Sir Nicholas Stern, former chief economist of the World Bank and now a high civil servant. The report is a masterpiece of misleading public relations. It foresees dire consequences if global warming isnt curbed: a worldwid
25、e depression and flooding of many coastal cities. Meanwhile, the costs of minimizing these awful outcomes are small: only 1 percent of world economic output in 2050.No sane person could fail to conclude that we should conquer global warming instantly, if not sooner. Who could disagree? Well, me. Ste
26、ms headlined conclusions are intellectual fictions. Theyre essentially fabrications to justify an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda. The danger of that is that wed end up with the worst of both worlds: a program that harms the economy without much cutting of greenhouse gases.Let me throw some me
27、ssy realities onto Sterns tidy picture. In the global-warming debate, theres a big gap between public rhetoric and public behavior. Greenhouse emissions continue to rise despite many earnest pledges to control them. Just last week, the United Nations reported that of the 41 countries it monitors (no
28、t including most developing nations), 34 had increased greenhouse emissions from 2000 to 2004. These include most countries committed to reducing emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.Why is this? In rich democracies, policies that might curb greenhouse gases require politicians and the public to act i
29、n exceptionally “enlightened“ ways. They have to accept “pain“ now for benefits that wont materialize for decades, probably after theyre dead. And even if rich countries cut emissions, it wont make much difference unless poor countries do likewise and so far, theyve refused because that might jeopar
30、dize their economic growth and poverty-reduction efforts.The notion that theres only a modest tension between suppressing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth is highly dubious. Stern arrives at his trivial coststhat 1 percent of world GDP in 2050by essentially assuming them. His estimate
31、s presume that, with proper policies, technological improvements will automatically reconcile declining emissions with adequate economic growth. This is a heroic leap. To check warming, Stern wants annual emissions 25 percent below current levels by 2050. The IEA projects that economic growth by 205
32、0 would more than double emissions. At present, we cant bridge that gap.The other great distortion in Sterns report involves global warmings effects. No one knows what these might be, because we dont know how much warming might occur, when, where, or how easily people might adapt. Sterns horrific sp
33、ecter distills many of the most terrifying guesses, including some imagined for the 22nd century, and implies theyre imminent. The idea is to scare people while reassuring them that policies to avert calamity, if started now, would be fairly easy and inexpensive.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author
34、, Sterns program（分数：2.00）A.will help to curb global warming.B.will foster the healthy development of economy.C.will result in the worst of both worlds.D.will meet with resistance from the general public.(2).The author agrees with Stern that（分数：2.00）A.global warming is something to fight with.B.curbi
35、ng global warming will not affect economy.C.an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda is necessary.D.not much cost will be involved in conquering global warming.(3).The author asserts that Stems picture about the possibility of conquering global warming（分数：2.00）A.is too pessimistic.B.is oversimplifie
36、d.C.is very imaginative.D.ignores the efforts by rich countries.(4).In the fifth paragraph, “that gap“ refers to the gap between（分数：2.00）A.the annual emissions of the rich and poor countries.B.the current levels of emission and levels set by Stern.C.reducing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic
37、growth.D.making proper policies and achieving technological advances.(5).In his report, Stern overstates（分数：2.00）A.the remedies for a possible economic slowdown.B.the necessity for a sustainable economic growth.C.the costs of minimizing the effects of global warming.D.the dangers global warming may
38、cause to the world.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The richest man in America stepped to the podium and declared war on the nations school systems. High schools had become “obsolete“ and were “limitingeven ruiningthe lives of millions of Americans every year. “ The situation had become “almost shameful. “ B
39、ill Gates, prep-school grad and college dropout, had come before the National Governors Association seeking converts to his plan to do something about ita plan he would back with $ 2 billion of his own cash.Gatess speech, in February 2005, was a signature moment in what has become a decade-long camp
40、aign to improve test scores and graduation rates, waged by a loose alliance of wealthy CEOs who arrived with no particular background in education policya fact that has led critics to dismiss them as “the billionaire boys club. “ Their bets on poor urban schools have been as big as their egos and th
41、eir bank accounts.Has this big money made the big impact that theyas well as teachers, administrators, parents, and studentshoped for? The results, though mixed, are dispiriting proof that money alone cant repair the desperate state of urban education. For all the millions spent on reforms, nine of
42、the 10 school districts studied substantially trailed their states proficiency and graduation ratesoften by 10 points or more. Thats not to say that the urban districts didnt make gains.The good news is many did improve and at a rate faster than their states 60 percent of the timeproof that the bill
43、ionaires made some solid bets. But those spikes up werent enough to erase the deep gulf between poor, inner-city schools, where the big givers focused, and their suburban and rural counterparts. “A lot of things we do dont work out,“ admitted Broad, a product of Detroit public schools and Michigan S
44、tate who made a fortune in home building and financial services: “But we can take the criticism. “The confidence that marked Gatess landmark speech to the governors association in 2005 has given way to humility. The billionaires have not retreated. But they have retooled, and learned a valuable less
45、on about their limitations. “Its so hard in this country to spread good practice. When we started funding, we hoped it would spread more readily,“ acknowledges Vicki Phillips, the director of K-12 education at the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation. “What we learned is that the only things that spread we
46、ll in school are kids viruses. “The business titans entered the education arena convinced that Americas schools would benefit greatly from the tools of the boardroom. They sought to boost incentives for improving performance, deploy new technologies, and back innovators willing to shatter old orthod
47、oxies. They pressed to close schools that were failing, and sought to launch new, smaller ones. They sent principals to boot camp. Battling the long-term worry that the best and brightest passed up the classroom for more lucrative professions, they opened their checkbooks to boost teacher pay. It wa
48、s an impressive amount of industry. And in some places, it has worked outbut with unanticipated complications.（分数：10.00）(1).Bill Gates believes that the high school systems（分数：2.00）A.have failed to develop proper education programs for students.B.are running well except that they need enormous inves
49、tments.C.have not made students academically ready for college education.D.have converted brilliant young students into dull learners.(2).One of the important purposes of Bill Gates speech was to（分数：2.00）A.call on the rich people to sign contracts with schools.B.enlist the rich peoples effort to save failing schools.C.call on the governors to make proper education policies.D.call attention to the nations low test scores and graduation rates.(3).The author thinks that the rich mens money（分数：2.00）A.will fuel the nations efforts to sav
