1、考研英语-581 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The China boom is by now a well-documented phenomenon. Who hasnt (1) the Middle Kingdoms astounding economic growth (8 percent annually), its mesmerizing (2) market (1.2 billion people), the investment ardor of foreign suitors (
2、$40 billion in foreign direct investment last year (3) )? China is an economic juggernaut. (4) Nicholas Lardy of the Brookings Institution, a Washington D. C.-based think tank,“ No country has (5) its foreign trade as fast as China over the last 20 years. Japan (6) its foreign trade over a 20-year p
3、eriod; Chinas foreign trade as quintupled. Theyve become the pre-eminent producer of labor-intensive (7) goods in the world “ . But theres been (8) from the dazzling China growth storynamely, the Chinese multinational. No major Chinese companies have (9) established themselves, or their brands, (10)
4、 the global stage. But as Haier shows, that is starting to change. (11) 100 years of poverty and chaos, of being overshadowed by foreign countries and multinationals, Chinese industrial companies are starting to (12) on the world.A new generation of large and credible firms has (13) in China in the
5、electronics, appliance and even high-tech sectors. Some have reached critical mass on the mainland and are now (14) new outlets for their productionthrough exports and by building Chinese factories abroad, chiefly in Southeast Asia. One example: Chinas investment in Malaysia (15) from $8 million in
6、2000 to $766 million in the first half of this year. (16) Chinas export prowess, it will be years (17) Chinese firms achieve the managerial and operational expertise of Western and Japanese multinationals. For one thing, many of its best companies are still at least partially state-owned. (18) , Chi
7、na has a shortage of managerial talent and little notion of marketing and brand-building. Its companies are also (19) by the countrys long tradition of central planning, inefficient use of capital and antiquated distribution system, (20) makes building national companies a challenge.（分数：10.00）A.list
8、enedB.listened toC.heardD.heard ofA.laborB.consumerC.archivesD.celebrityA.aloneB.onlyC.alongD.lonelyA.AsB.As toC.Judging byD.According toA.expandedB.extendedC.intendedD.inflatedA.doubtedB.doubledC.thoughtD.timedA.triggeringB.manufacturingC.generatingD.raisingA.something missingB.missing somethingC.s
9、omething lostD.lost somethingA.stillB.toC.yetD.beenA.atB.inC.overD.onA.BehindB.BeforeC.SinceD.AfterA.make a callB.make a cryC.make a markD.make a voiceA.setupB.establishedC.emergedD.maintainedA.seekingB.searchingC.manipulatingD.calculatingA.risingB.increasingC.enhancedD.soaredA.For allB.All forC.All
10、 ofD.After allA.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.tillA.Whats moreB.Whats newC.Whats worseD.Whats surpriseA.making itB.preventedC.handicappedD.protectedA.thatB.whichC.thisD.what二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Since the 1930s, the idea that creatures might advert
11、ise their “ fitness “ as mates through symmetry has been around. It rests on the notion that factors ranging from bad genes to coming off worse in too many fights will lead to asymmetries others can see. And over the past few years, experiments with animals and humans seemed to support the idea that
12、 symmetry in features such as plumage and facial characteristics influences mate selection.But no one had actually checked that the animals in these experiments can actually see the subtle differences in symmetry, typically of between 1 and 2 percent. Now the first such experiment has been carried o
13、ut. The results are worrying for advocates of symmetry detection as a powerful factor in mate selection.John Swaddle, an ethnologist at the University of Bristol, performed the experiment using wild starlings, which have excellent eyesight. He trained them to hit keys marked with bar patterns with v
14、arying levels of asymmetry in order to receive food rewards. This showed the starlings could easily detect asymmetries of between 5 and 10 percent. But at between 1 and 2 percent, their performance plummeted to no better than random guessing.“ This suggests that the levels of asymmetry that birds en
15、counter in nature will often be just too small to be detected, “ says Swaddle. He says experiments that linked small asymmetries to fitness may have produced misleading correlations, and says the only direct evidence that birds use asymmetry as a cue to mate fitness involves levels of asymmetry of a
16、t least 10 percent. “ I think signaling by asymmetry will probably only occur when species show such very large asymmetriesand this doesnt occur that often. “This raises questions about research suggesting that humans are influenced by visual asymmetry in their choice of partner. Michael Butt of the
17、 Perception Laboratory at the University of St. Andrews, who has carried out such experiments, concedes that no one has ever checked if humans have a threshold to asymmetry detection. He thinks a conclusive test of this would probably involve manipulating complex three-dimensional images: “ It would
18、 be a very difficult experiment to do “ Burt adds that the abilities of animals to detect asymmetry in bar patterns may not reflect their talent for spotting asymmetries in body shape. “ The visibility of an asymmetry may well depend on its type, “ he says. Swaddle agrees, and is planning further ex
19、periments. “ But I suspect that asymmetry is used as a visual cue less often than most people appear to presume, “ he warns.（分数：10.00）(1).Most people often presume that in mate selections creatures appeal to_.（分数：2.00）A.fitnessB.asymmetryC.facial characteristicsD.features showing their fitness(2).Ac
20、cording to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Swaddle thinks asymmetry and fitness are associated.B.Asymmetry is generally visible.C.Species use asymmetry as a cue to mate fitness.D.Nobody has checked humans dependence on asymmetry.(3).John Swaddles experiment suggests that_.（分数：
21、2.00）A.asymmetry is seldom big enoughB.fitness may cause incorrect relationsC.birds occasionally rely on symmetry in mate selectionD.random guessing is sometimes as good as asymmetry detection(4).According to the text, in mate selection human beings_.（分数：2.00）A.need symmetry detectionB.need complex
22、three-dimensional imagesC.begin to realize their dependence on symmetryD.cannot be proved whether to rely on asymmetry(5).The visibility of an asymmetry as Michael Butt thinks, depends on_.（分数：2.00）A.types of creaturesB.types of asymmetryC.types of body shapesD.types of animals detection ability五、Te
23、xt 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scholars of human migration speak of two main factors that influence an individuals decision to move from one place to another-push and pull factors. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a
24、suitable job, or as traumatic as religious persecution, war, or severe famine Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads or with hate-filled mobs at their heels are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destinati
25、on).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most of these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the nineteenth century. In general, pull f
26、actors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin.Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call “ intervening obstacles “ . Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong, they still may be outweighed b
27、y intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival.The decision to move is also influenced by “ personal factors “ of the potential migrant. The same push-pull fac
28、tors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varied abilities and personalities. The prospect of pulling up stakes and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting an
29、d challenging to a young, footloose man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and young children. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may intrigue one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes fr
30、iction. The United States and other “ receiving countries “ (the term used for countries that welcome large numbers of migrants) have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paying jobs and are resented by natives who may hav
31、e to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to gain acceptance in the mainstream of society in the receiving country.（分数：10.00）(1).Refugees migrate out of their country probably because of_.（分数：2.00）A.their countrys unstable situationB.bad economic cond
32、itionsC.guns pointing at themD.their resentment towards government(2).Which of the following migration is most likely to be caused by pull factors?（分数：2.00）A.Jews in 1942 migrated to America.B.Refugees migrate to neighbor countriesC.A Philippine woman migrates to Hong Kong for a better job.D.A Japan
33、ese girl migrates to America to marry her American boyfriend.(3).According to the text, pull and push factors_.（分数：2.00）A.decide personal factorsB.are the only influence on migrantsC.outweigh intervening obstacles on migrationD.work with intervening obstacles on migration(4).The author implies that
34、personal factors_.（分数：2.00）A.attract people to moveB.are obstacles to migrationC.may affect migrationD.may confuse those potential migrants(5).According to the author, the immigrants in America, _.（分数：2.00）A.have friction with AmericansB.are reluctant to blend in the mainstreamC.often find it diffic
35、ult to seek high-paying jobsD.went to America in the 19th country for a better job六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subjectand studied the brainsay that they are. Research for my book LateT
36、alking Children drove home the point to me. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientistand fourfifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took re
37、adily to math and other analytical subjectsand to music.Black, white and Asian children in this group showed the same patterns. However, looking at the larger world around us, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepr
38、esented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering.If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great discrepancy? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling,
39、while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians.It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelledpopular music rather than classical
40、 music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music.Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They
41、have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modem. A long string of names comes to mindDuke Ellington, Scott Joplin, W. C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parkerand so on.None of this presupposes any special innate ability of blacks in music. On the c
42、ontrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the time and the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well a
43、s into mathematics, science and engineering.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Mathematical ability and musical ability are related.B.Children usually take readily to their relatives career.C.Mathematical ability and musical ability influence each other.D.Childrens
44、 mathematical and musical abilities relate to their relatives.(2).“ Discrepancy “ (Line 2, Para.3) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.inabilityB.excellenceC.differenceD.inborn ability(3).What can be inferred about opera?（分数：2.00）A.It needs innate ability.B.It requires formal training.C.It is more diffi
45、cult to learn than blues.D.It is often enjoyed by those with strong analytical ability.(4).Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Blacks have more innate ability in music.B.Blacks have less innate ability in mathematics.C.Those who have money and time choose mathem
46、atics over music.D.Jazz is a channel through which blacks display their musical ability.(5).Which of the following does the author most probably agree with?（分数：2.00）A.Black college students excel in popular music.B.Black college students can do well in mathematics.C.Blacks role in popular music seem
47、s overstated.D.The blacks have more chances for education in music.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Earlier this year, 13-year-old Shannon Sullivan was socializing in the same way as dozens of her classmates. She maintained a personalized page on a website that contained her photograph and details about what
48、 makes her unique. But then her mother found out. And now her site and those of her friendsonce lovingly adorned with everything from sound bites to video clipsare fast disappearing at the insistence of their safety-minded parents.“ Theyre not aware how easily something predatory can happen over the
49、 Internet, “ says Shannons mother, Margaret, “ Maybe when theyre older, in college or something, but its just not safe before that. “Internet stalkers have killed at least four minors in the past three years, and law enforcement authorities count about 5,000 reports of attempted sexual predation over the Internet in the past year, according to Parry Arab, executive director of an Internet safety organization. Given such statistics, parents need to get over the feeling that theyre invading their childrens
