1、考研英语-577 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most of us would like to be both (1) and creative. Why was Thomas Edison able to invent so many things? Was he simply more intelligent than most people? Did he spend long hours toiling away in private? Surprisingly, when Edison
2、was a young boy, his teacher told him he was too (2) to learn anything. Other famous people whose creative genius went (3) when they were young include Walt Disney, who was fired from a newspaper job because he did not have any good ideas and Enrico Caruso, whose music teacher told him that his (4)
3、was terrible.Disney, Edison and Caruso were intelligent and creative men; (5) , experts on creativity believe that intelligence is not the same as creativity. Creativity is the ability to think about something in new and unusual ways, and to (6) out unique solutions to problems. When creative people
4、 are asked what enables them to solve problems in new ways, they say that the ability to find affinities between (7) unrelated elements plays a key role. They also say that they have the time and independence in a(an) (8) setting to (9) a wide range of possible solutions to a problem.How strongly is
5、 creativity (10) to intelligence? (11) most creative people are quite intelligent, the (12) is not necessarily true. Many highly intelligent people ( (13) measured by IQ tests) are not very creative.Some experts remain skeptical that we will ever fully understand the creative process. Others believe
6、 that a psychology of creativity is within reach. Most experts agree, (14) , that the concept of creativity as (15) bubbling up from a magical (16) is a myth. Momentary (17) of insight, (18) by images, make up a (19) part of the creative process. At the heart of the creative process are ability and
7、experience that (20) an individuals effort, often over the course of a lifetime.（分数：10.00）A.imaginativeB.brilliantC.inventiveD.originalA.clumsyB.awkwardC.dumbD.untutoredA.despisedB.hiddenC.distortedD.unnoticedA.accentB.toneC.soundD.voiceA.althoughB.neverthelessC.soD.wheneverA.rootB.setC.comeD.solveA
8、.seeminglyB.actuallyC.logicallyD.barelyA.enjoyableB.appropriateC.specialD.pleasedA.createB.constructC.composeD.entertainA.relatedB.interactedC.basedD.associatedA.ThereatB.ThereofC.WhereasD.WherebyA.inverseB.reverseC.transverseD.diverseA.asB.whichC.whatD.thatA.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.ultimat
9、elyA.spontaneouslyB.intermittentlyC.coincidentallyD.simultaneouslyA.fountainB.wellC.waterfallD.hotspringA.flashesB.flaresC.glaresD.glintsA.accompaniedB.showedC.inspiredD.formedA.smallB.importantC.significantD.temporaryA.changeB.adjustC.alterD.shape二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数
10、：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because hed done it hundreds of times himself. Giving up for ever is a trifle more difficult, apparently, and it is well known that it is much more difficult for some people than for others. Why is this s
11、o?Few doctors believe any longer that it is simply a question of will power. And for those people that continue to view addicts as merely “weak“, recent genetic research may force a rethink. A study conducted by Jacqueline Vink, of the Free University of Amsterdam, used a database called the Netherl
12、ands Twin Register to analyse the smoking habits of twins. Her results suggest that an individuals degree of nicotine dependence, and even the number of cigarettes he smokes per day, are strongly genetically influenced.The Netherlands Twin Register is a voluntary database that is prized by geneticis
13、ts because they allow the comparison of identical twins (who share all their genes) with fraternal twins (who share half). In this case, however, Dr. Vink did not make use of that fact. For her, the database was merely a convenient repository of information. Instead of comparing identical and frater
14、nal twins, she concentrated on the adult fraternal twins, most of whom had completed questionnaires about their habits, including smoking, and 536 of whom had given DNA samples to the register.The human genome is huge. It consists of billions of DNA “letters“, some of which can be strung together to
15、 make sense (the genes), but many of which have either no function, or an unknown function. To follow what is going on, geneticists rely on markers they have identified within the genome. These are places where the genetic letters may vary between individuals. If a particular variant is routinely as
16、sociated with a particular physical feature or a behaviour pattern, it suggests that a particular version of a nearby gene is influencing that feature or behaviour.Dr. Vink hopes that finding genes responsible for nicotine dependence will make it possible to identify the causes of such dependence. T
17、hat will help to classify smokers better (some are social smokers while others are physically addicted) and thus enable “quitting“ programmes to be customised.Results such as Dr. Vinks must be interpreted with care. Association studies, as such projects are known, have a disturbing habit of disappea
18、ring, as it were, in a puff of smoke when someone tries to replicate them. But if Dr. Vink really has exposed a genetic link with addiction, then Mark Twains problem may eventually become a thing of the past.（分数：10.00）(1).The author cites the example of Mark Twain to show that（分数：2.00）A.quitting smo
19、king is no easy job.B.kicking the habit of smoking demands a strong will.C.some people are frustrated by failing to give up smoking.D.some people may be destined to fail quitting smoking.(2).What can be inferred from the third paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The fraternal twins are much more valued by research
20、ers.B.Two kinds of twins are often been compared in research.C.Identical twins are more likely to be addicted to smoking.D.Fraternal twins are more genetically similar than identical twins.(3).The word “customized“ (Lines 34, Paragraph 5) can best be substituted by（分数：2.00）A.diversified.B.tailored.C
21、.simplified.D.justified.(4).Dr. Vinks results must be interpreted with care because（分数：2.00）A.it may have negative effects on related studies.B.it is unreliable so far.C.it may provide an excuse for nicotine addicts.D.it could undermine the anti-smoking movement.(5).The passage is mainly about（分数：2.
22、00）A.an innovative way of quitting smoke.B.a possible link between genetics and smoking.C.an impressive study on fraternal twins.D.a famous persons experience quitting smoking.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When enthusiasts talk of sustainable development, the eyes of most people glaze over. There is a whi
23、ff of sack-cloth and ashes about their arguments, which usually depend on people giving up the comforts of a modern economy to achieve some debatable greater good. Yet there is a serious point at issue. Modern industry pollutes, and it also seems to cause significant changes to the climate. What is
24、needed is an industry that delivers the benefits without the costs. And the glimmerings of just such an industry can now be discerned.That industry is based on biotechnology. At the moment, biotechs main uses are in medicine and agriculture. But its biggest long-term impact may be industrial. Here,
25、it will diminish demand for oil by taking the cheapest raw materials imaginable, carbon dioxide and water, and using them to make fuel and plastics.Plastics and fuels made in this way would have several advantages. They could accurately be called “renewables“, since nothing is depleted to make them.
26、 They would be part of the natural carbon cycle, borrowing that element from the atmosphere for a few months, and returning it when they were burned or dumped. That means they could not possibly contribute to global warming. And they would be environmentally friendly in other ways. Bioplastics are b
27、iodegradable, since bacteria understand their chemistry and can therefore digest them. Biofuels, while not quite “zero emission“ from the exhaust pipe (though a lot cleaner than petrol and diesel), would be cleaner overall even than the fuel-cell technology now being touted as an alternative to the
28、internal-combustion engine. That is because making the hydrogen that fuel cells use is not an environmentally friendly process, and never will beunless it, too, uses biotechnology.All this will, in the end, depend on costs. But these do not look unfavourable. Already, the price of bioplastics overla
29、ps the top end of the petroleum-based plastics market. Bulk production should bring prices down, particularly when the raw materials are free. Meanwhile, ethanol would be a lot easier to introduce than fuel cells. Existing engines will run on it with minor tweaking, so there is no need to change the
30、 way cars are made. And since, unlike hydrogen, it is a liquid, the fuel-distribution infrastructure would not need radical change.The future could be green in ways that traditional environmentalists had not expected. Whether they will embrace that possibility, or stick to sack-cloth, remains to be
31、seen.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, applying biotechnology to industry（分数：2.00）A.has brought about sustainable development.B.proves to be nothing but an imagination.C.will deprive most people of modern comforts.D.contributes to the environmentally sound development.(2).The word “depleted“ (L
32、ine 2, Paragraph 3) can be substituted by（分数：2.00）A.exhausted.B.discarded.C.abandoned.D.wasted.(3).One advantage of the biofuels is that（分数：2.00）A.they will not pollute the environment.B.they are degradable by bacteria.C.they are cheaper than hydrogen fuels.D.they are suitable for internal-combustio
33、n engine.(4).According to paragraph 4,（分数：2.00）A.the prospect of biotechnology industry depends on its marketing cost.B.fuel cells are easier to be utilized in auto industry than biofuels.C.biofuels will replace the fuel cells in the near future.D.the price of bioplastics shows a downward trend.(5).
34、The best title for the passage might be（分数：2.00）A.A World Clean Yet in Comfort.B.Conserving Before Its Too Late.C.There Is Only One Earth.D.The Fuel-Hungry Planet.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Quite apart from any awkwardness in the way he handled the hostile bid by rival Oracle for the firm he was runnin
35、g, Craig Conway seems to have been an unpopular CEO of PeopleSoft, a large enterprise-software company. Three managers who reported directly to him were apparently close to resigning in frustration, and the board was unhappy about “mis-statements“ he made to analysts. So even though there was no “sm
36、oking gun“, as the board put it, Mr. Conway was fired on October 1st and replaced by the firms founder, David Duffield.Mr. Duffields brief is now to address Mr. Conways perceived shortcomings and his obsession with fending off the 7.7 billion takeover bid from Oracle. At the same time, says Paul Ham
37、erman of Forrester, a research firm, Mr. Conway offered no compelling technological vision for PeopleSoft, and seemed deaf to “quite a noise level of customer complaints“. Mr. Conways firing prompted much speculation that PeopleSoft might now be more prepared to negotiate with Oracle rather than fig
38、ht it. But PeopleSoft insists that both Mr. Duffield and the board focus on a long-term strategy for the company, not a quick sale.On the same day that Mr. Conway was fired, however, Oracle .scored another victory when Americas Justice Department said that it would not appeal against a judges decisi
39、on to allow the takeover on antitrust grounds. So, this week, the battle moved to another courtroom, in Delaware, where both companies are registered. In this suit, Oracle is claiming that PeopleSoft is not properly looking after the interests of its shareholders by using a “poison pill“ and a “cust
40、omer assurance programme“ to keep Oracle at bay.The poison pill is a very common provision, and one that PeopleSoft has had for almost a decade. It floods the market with new shares if a predator buys more than 20% of PeopleSofts equity, thus making an acquisition very difficult. The customer-rebate
41、 programme, by contrast, was put in place last June. It guarantees that any PeopleSoft client can get a refund for between two and five times its software-licence fee if support for that software is ever cut off. To Oracle, this represents another dirty tactic, since it amounts to a potential liabil
42、ity of more than 2 billion. To PeopleSoft, however, it was not only fair but necessary to retain customers, since Oracle said at the time of its bid that it planned to kill PeopleSofts products and switch clients to its own. The two companies lawyers are likely to be at it for another few weeks, whi
43、ch could yet, see a higher bid from Oracle.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, Craig Conway（分数：2.00）A.tactfully handled Oracles hostile bid.B.induced the resign of his three managers.C.ignored customers grievances.D.is technologically illiterate.(2).The phrase “smoking gun“ in the first paragrap
44、h probably means（分数：2.00）A.conclusive evidence.B.unconvincing excuse.C.fundamental conflict.D.irresistible cause.(3).PeopleSoft claims that the Oracles takeover of PeopleSoft（分数：2.00）A.is hard to resist.B.is not given first priority.C.depends on its validity.D.is irrational.(4).Oracles current diffi
45、culty to take over PeopleSoft is that（分数：2.00）A.this kind of trade is now illegal.B.PeopleSoft has adopted anti-takeover strategy.C.PeopleSoft demands a high price.D.Mr. Conway rejects the takeover.(5).The best title for this passage might be（分数：2.00）A.Acquisition of PeopleSoft.B.Can the New Boss Sa
46、ve PeopleSoft?C.New Boss, New strategy.D.Who Is the Winner, PeopleSoft or Oracle?七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A friend of mine had a grandfather who supervised the payroll at a large company long ago. People who knew him say this man was a paragon of virtue when it came to making sure the employees were
47、treated fair and square on every payday. But he also believed that once wages were disbursed, workers should take full responsibility for their financial security. In his view, honest labor and thrifty habits were basic elements of the free-enterprise system. Nobody should expect any money unless th
48、ey earned it. He opposed company pension plans, and was thoroughly dismayed by the fiscal structure and benefits of Social Security.I wonder how many people hold the same views now. The debate about changing Social Security is part of a larger question: What obligation, if any, do Americans feel tow
49、ard fellow citizens who need help? Note, I didnt say “less fortunate,“ “disadvantaged,“ or some other term that might be construed as evidence Im promoting my own brand of social engineering. I just want to know how much concern people have for what happens outside their own households.Critics of government assistance programs often say they do more harm than good by creating a cycle of dependency for recipients and a gigantic bureaucracy that demoralizes the rest of society by taking money away from us and creating a welfare state of slackers.The term I prefer
