1、考研英语-549 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Vienna was one of the music centers of Europe during the classical period, and Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were all active there. As the 1 of the Holy Roman Empire (which included parts of present-day Austria, Germany, Italy, H
2、ungary, Czech and Slovakia), it was a 2 cultural and commercial center 3 a cosmopolitan character. Its population of almost 250,000 (in 1800) made Vienna the fourth largest city in Europe. All three 4 masters were born elsewhere, but they were 5 to Vienna to study and to seek 6 . In Vienna, Haydn an
3、d Mozart became close friends and influenced each other“s musical 7 . Beethoven traveled to Vienna at sixteen to play for Mozart; at twenty-two, he returned to study with Haydn. Aristocrats from all over the Empire spent the winter in Vienna, sometimes bringing their private 8 Music was an important
4、 part of court life, and a good orchestra was a 9 of prestige. Many of the nobility were excellent musicians. Much music was heard in 10 concerts where aristocrats and wealthy commoners played 11 professional musicians. Mozart and Beethoven often earned money by performing in these intimate concerts
5、. The nobility 12 hired servants who could 13 as musicians. An advertisement in the Vienna Gazette of 1789 14 : “Wanted, for a house of the gentry, a manservant who knows how to play the violin well.“ In Vienna there was also 15 music, light and popular in 16 . Small street bands of wind and string
6、players played at garden parties or under the windows of people 17 to throw 18 money. Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment 19 , 20 they called divertimentos or serenades. Vienna“s great love of music and its enthusiastic demand for new works made it the chosen city of Haydn, Mozart and
7、Beethoven.（分数：10.00）A.seatB.settingC.settlementD.sittingA.romanticB.bustlingC.integratedD.antiqueA.ofB.byC.withinD.withA.greatB.brilliantC.uniqueD.classicalA.drawnB.pulledC.chosenD.drewA.admissionB.acknowledgementC.recognitionD.appraisalA.styleB.genreC.themeD.emotionA.theatreB.orchestraC.courtD.trou
8、peA.symbolB.signC.sightD.signalA.famousB.popularC.privateD.personalA.alongB.alongsideC.amongD.betweenA.likelyB.presumablyC.frequentlyD.considerablyA.doubleB.bothC.eitherD.neitherA.saysB.writesC.readsD.appearsA.publicB.folkC.bardD.outdoorA.tuneB.toneC.voiceD.hueA.surelyB.likelyC.preferD.referA.offB.a
9、wayC.aboutD.downA.musicB.melodyC.piecesD.seriesA.whatB.whichC.thatD.where二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Ah, yes, divorce“, Robin Williams once mused, “from the Latin word meaning to rip out a man“s genitals through his wallet“. The derivation may n
10、ot be found in dictionaries, but he was on well-trodden ground in linking divorce to money. This month a survey conducted among financial analysts, stockbrokers and hedge-fund managers by Mishcon de Reya, a law firm, suggested that the economic downturn will prompt an upsurge in divorces among highe
11、arners in London“s financial centre. This pattern is not without precedent: Sandra Davis, who commissioned the study, says that the recession of the early 1990s led to a wave of divorces among the city“s wealthy people. A third of current inquiries to lawyers by those deciding to break the knot, she
12、 claims, are linked to the credit crunch. One explanation is that the defecting spouses of high earners are getting out before the crunch reduces the potential for profitable settlements. As the city boom turns to bust, redundancies are becoming commonplace and huge bonuses a distant dream. Since re
13、cent earnings are one of the factors taken into account in divorce settlements, it makes sense to divorce sooner rather than later. Others argue that money and the distractions it buys allow couples to avoid addressing difficulties in their relationship, which come to the fore in more financially-di
14、stressed times. For middle earners, the link between divorce rates and economic conditions is less clear-cut, not least since the main marital asset is houses rather than spouses. Rising inflation and falling house prices put pressure on marriages and might thus contribute to higher divorce rates. Y
15、et the same factors also make splitting up more complicated. Falling property prices mean that selling the family home may not provide sufficient funds for two separate homes, especially now that lenders have become much more choosy. “A flagging economy clearly leads to an increase in misery; whethe
16、r or not it causes a rise in the divorce rate is a debatable point,“ sums up Stephen Jenkins, director of the Institute for Social and Economic Research. One consequence is that more couples are living together after divorce, which raises its own problems. Godfrey Freeman, chairman of Resolution, an
17、 association of family lawyers, points out that the lower-earning partners in such couples may find it harder to claim benefits. They are usually refused help, he says, on the grounds that their mortgage paid, even if they have no cash of their own to cover everyday expenses.（分数：10.00）(1).In the ope
18、ning paragraph, the author introduces his topic by providing _.（分数：2.00）A.a well-known definition of divorce in the dictionaryB.an actual fact that divorce is linked to economyC.an interesting quote of a famous person about divorceD.a statistic survey that was conducted a long time ago(2).According
19、to Sandra Davis, recession of the early 1990s _.（分数：2.00）A.affected the whole society in their life styleB.caused some changes in family structuresC.encouraged more lawyers to consider divorce casesD.resulted from the divorce trends(3).The statement “it makes sense to divorce sooner rather than late
20、r“ (Lines 3-4, Para. 3) is used to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.the relationship between divorce and economy is well-groundedB.the divorce wave will finally calm down and disappearC.wealthy couples are encouraged to settle down as soon as possibleD.people would like to protect their own earnings(4).By ref
21、erring to the middle earners, the author intends to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.some couples would like to spend life together even if they break upB.they are forced to consider economic situations alter the divorceC.the link between divorce and money in their cases is as evident as that in othersD.they
22、are faced with different problems compared with wealthy classes(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.There should be some correlations between economy and family.B.Economic depression is sure to have caused the social instability.C.If the economy grows fast, the lower-e
23、arning partners will claim more help.D.Economic growth depends upon the happy relationship between social members.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Despite decades of scientific research, no one yet knows how much damage human activity is doing to the environment. Humans are thought to be responsible for a wh
24、ole host of environmental problems, ranging from global warming to ozone depletion. What is not in doubt, however, is the devastating effect humans are having on the animal and plant life of the planet. Currently, an estimated 50,000 species become extinct every year. If this carries on, the impact
25、on all living creatures is likely to be profound, says Dr. Nick Middleton, a geographer at Oxford University. “All species depend in some way on each other to survive. And the danger is that, if you remove one species from this very complex web of interrelationships, you have very little idea about
26、the knock-on effects of other extinctions.“ Complicating matters is the fact that there are no obvious solutions to the problem. Unlike global warming and ozone depletionwhich, if the political will was there, could be reduced by cutting gas emissions preserving biodiversity remains an intractable p
27、roblem. The latest idea is “sustainable management“, which is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. This means humans should be able to use any species of animal or plant for their benefit, provided enough individuals of that species are left alive to ensure i
28、ts continued existence. For instance, instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, there is a sustainable management project elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill the
29、se animals for sport. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching themor allowing others to poach thembecause of the economic benefit involved. This sounds like a sensible strate
30、gy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption endemic in many developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers. There are also questions about
31、 whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting areas of great-bio-diversity such as the world“s tropical forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephantsallow logging companies to cut down a certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely des
32、troy the forest. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. But because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations to do this.
33、 Moreover, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times morean increase that consumers, no matter how “green“, are unlikely to pay. For these reasons, sustainable management of tropical forests is unlikely to become widespread in t
34、he near future. This is disheartening news. It“s estimated these forests contain anything from 50 to 90 percent of all animal and plant species on Earth. In one study of a five-square-kilometer area of rain forest in Peru, for instance, scientists counted 1,300 species of butterfly and 600 species o
35、f bird. In the entire continental United States, only 400 species of butterfly and 700 species of bird have been recorded. Scientist Professor Norman Myers sees this situation as a gigantic “experiment we“re conducting with our planet“. “We don“t know what the outcome will be. If we make a mess of i
36、t, we can“t move to another planet. It“s a case of one planet, one experiment.“（分数：10.00）(1).What damage do we know for sure is human activity doing to the environment?（分数：2.00）A.Global wanning and ozone depletion.B.Species extinction and corruption.C.Sustainable management.D.A gigantic experiment w
37、e“re conducting with Earth.(2).What is an effective way to preserve biodiversity?（分数：2.00）A.Reduction of the impact of species extinction on others.B.Sustainable management of the world“s tropical forests.C.Encouragement of political will to reduce gas emission.D.No effective way has been found yet.
38、(3).What is NOT true about the idea of sustainable management?（分数：2.00）A.It bans any form of hunting and logging to protect plants and animals.B.It allows humans to cut plants and kill animals for economic benefits.C.It ensures the survival of each species by leaving enough individuals alive.D.It en
39、courages humans to protect species from extinction for economic gain.(4).What factors might NOT affect the practicality of sustainable management?（分数：2.00）A.Whether there is corruption in the government.B.whether there are corresponding regulations.C.Whether produced goods have attractive prices.D.w
40、hether people are aware of the danger that the earth will be destroyed.(5).why is sustainable management of tropical forests unlikely to be used in the near future?（分数：2.00）A.Because tropical forests contain a majority of animal and plant species on Earth.B.Because we have to wait until the experime
41、nt in Peru and the U.S. is finished.C.Because we have no idea about its effect, and if it fails, our planet will be destroyed.D.Because besides tropical forests, other areas such as the U.S. also have biodiversity.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you are anything like me, you left the theater after Sex an
42、d the City 2 and thought, there ought to be a law against a looks-based culture in which the only way for 40-year-old actresses to be compensated like 40-year-old actors is to have them look and dress like the teenage daughters of 40-year-old actors. Meet Deborah Rhode, a Stanford law professor who
43、proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or race. In a provocative new book, The Beauty Bias , Rhode lays out the case for an America in which appearance discrimination is no longer allowed. That means Hooters can“t fire it
44、s servers for being too heavy, as allegedly happened last month to a waitress in Michigan who says she received nothing but excellent reviews but weighed 132 pounds. Rhode is at her most persuasive when arguing that in America, discrimination against unattractive women and short men is as pernicious
45、 and widespread as bias based on race, sex, age, ethnicity, religion, and disability. Rhode cites research to prove her point: 11 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetus predisposed toward obesity. College students tell surveyors they“d rather have a spouse who is an embezzler, drug
46、 user, or a shoplifter than one who is obese. And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgery. Rhode reminds us how Hillary Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by the media for their looks, and says it“s no surpris
47、e that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency. And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really, really like hot girls. And so long as being a hot girl is deemed a bona fide occupational quali
48、fication, there will be cocktail waitresses fired for gaining three pounds. It“s not just American men who like things this way. The truth is that women feel good about competing in beauty pageants. To put it another way, appearance bias is a massive societal problem with tangible economic costs tha
49、t most of usperhaps especially womenperpetuate each time we buy a diet pill or sneer at fat women. This doesn“t mean we shouldn“t work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearance. But it may mean recognizing that the law won“t stop us fi“om discriminating against the overweight, the aging, and the imperfect, so long as it“s the quality we all hate most in ourselves.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the best description of the author“s emotions after watching Sex and the City 2 ?（分数：2.00）A.Envy and longing.B.Remorse and guilt.C.Jealousy and hatred
