1、考研英语-509 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and (1) millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions (2)
2、 as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit (3) from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (4) each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly (5) crowds of over 90, 000. Basketballs national collegiate championship game
3、 is a TV (6) on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, (7) perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (8) ones TV set and see the top athletic programs-from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford- (9) in front of packed houses and nation
4、al TV audiences.The athletes themselves are (10) and provided with sch61arships. College coaches identify (11) teenagers and then go into high schools to (12) the countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about (13) coaches can recruit-no recruiting calls after 9 p.
5、m. , only one official visit to a campus-but they are often bent and sometimes (14) . Top college football programs (15) scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive (16) campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc.In return, the players (17)
6、the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (18) two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp (19) and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins
7、 (20) During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.（分数：10.00）A.attributeB.distributeC.devoteD.attachA.outB.byC.inD.backA.directlyB.indirectlyC.apartD.indirectA.compete forB.compete inC.compete
8、againstD.compete overA.drawB.amuseC.governD.handleA.spectatorB.spectacleC.spectrumD.spectaclesA.saveB.savingC.savedD.to saveA.flip onB.flap atC.fling awayD.flush outA.battleB.to battleC.battlingD.battledA.recruitedB.reconciledC.rectifiedD.reservedA.promisingB.pleasingC.prominentD.professionalA.contr
9、iveB.convinceC.convertD.convictA.whichB.whatC.howD.whetherA.ignoredB.neglectedC.rememberedD.noticedA.offerB.affordC.awardD.rewardA.inB.onC.atD.aroundA.commit themselves toB.commit themselves onC.commute themselves toD.comply themselves toA.work inB.work outC.work overD.work offA.recallsB.enlistsC.co
10、nvenesD.collectsA.in principleB.in confidenceC.in nameD.in earnest二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of
11、 population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease.“Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a co
12、mmon infection,“ said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have
13、people who had not been exposed to the infection. “ Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish
14、why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mix
15、ing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if the
16、y are born in an area of high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said t
17、hat exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection?（分数：2.00）A.Leo KinlenB.Richard DollC.Louise ParkerD.Heather Dickinson(2).Which statement can be supported by Heat
18、her Dickinson and Louise Parkers new findings?（分数：2.00）A.Radiation has contributed to the disease.B.Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.C.Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster.D.Childhood leukaemia is cause
19、d by an unusual infection.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.B.Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.C.Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia.D.Childr
20、en born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.(4).Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_.（分数：2.00）A.medical journalB.research instituteC.private companyD.governmental agency(5).This passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear repro
21、cessing partB.the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC.the causes of childhood leukaemiaD.a new finding by British scientists五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical
22、 and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge,
23、 sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he w
24、as in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more trul
25、y human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in lar
26、ge part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible
27、 centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. P
28、ure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.（分数：10.00）(1).The most important advances made b
29、y mankind come from_.（分数：2.00）A.apparently useless informationB.the natural sciencesC.philosophyD.technical applications(2).The author does not include among the science the study of_.（分数：2.00）A.AstronomyB.LiteratureC.ChemistryD.Economics(3).In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect
30、the author to discuss_.（分数：2.00）A.unforeseen discoveriesB.philosophyC.the value of pure researchD.the value of technical research(4).The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section_.（分数：2.00）A.were unaware of the value of their studiesB.were mathematiciansC.resignedD.were interested
31、in navigation(5).The practical scientist_.（分数：2.00）A.is a philosopherB.is interested in the unknownC.knows the value of what he will discoverD.knows that the world exists六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whate
32、ver happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? S
33、hould we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human histo
34、ry in which most people s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work
35、. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. The
36、n the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes, Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and
37、places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources awa
38、y from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：10.00）(1).What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls?（分数：2.00）A.New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures.B.A
39、vailable employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population.C.The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life.D.Jobs available must be distributed among more people.(2).The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and_.（分数：2.00）A.be prepare
40、d to fill in time by taking up houseworkB.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn cab employ othersC.create more factories in order to increase our productivityD.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work(3).The passage tells us that the arrival of the indust
41、rial age meant that_.（分数：2.00）A.economic freedom came within everyones reachB.patterns of work were fundamentally changedC.to survive, everyone had to find a jobD.universal employment guaranteed prosperity(4).As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries,_.（分数：2.00）A.people were not a
42、dequately compensated for the loss of their landB.people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim land C.people were badly paid for the work they managed to findD.people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves(5).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数
43、：2.00）A.People should start to Support themselves by learning a practical skill.B.The creation of jobs for all is an impossibility.C.We should help people to get full-time jobs;D.We must make every effort to solve the problem of unemployment.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Despite Denmarks manifest virtues,
44、 Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrym
45、en and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.“ Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for
46、schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there
47、 is no Danish Academy to defend against it-old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little,“ and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest
48、clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclers-about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new-and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in gener
49、al.Such a nation of overachievers-a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere.“ So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (“Foreigners out of Denmark!“), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly
