1、考研英语-447 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprises the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words (1) which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we (2) , that is t
2、o say, from the (3) of our own family and from our familiar associates, and (4) we should know and use (5) we could not read or write. They (6) the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who (7) the language. Such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people (8) a
3、nd are not the exclusive (9) of a limited class. On the other hand, our language (10) a multitude of words which are comparatively (11) used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little (12) to use them at home or in the market-place. Our (13) acqu
4、aintance with them comes not from our mothers (14) or from the talk of our school-mates, (15) from books that we read, lectures that we (16) , or the more (17) conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular (18) in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual (19) o
5、f everyday life. Such words are called “learned“, and the (20) between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.（分数：10.00）A.atB.withC.byD.throughA.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learnA.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellowsA.whichB.thatC.thoseD.onesA
6、.evenB.despiteC.even ifD.in spite ofA.mindB.concernC.careD.relateA.hireB.applyC.adoptD.useA.in publicB.at mostC.at largeD.at bestA.rightB.privilegeC.shareD.possessionA.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composesA.seldomB.muchC.neverD.oftenA.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessityA.primaryB.firstC.principalD
7、.priorA.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongueA.besidesB.andC.orD.butA.hear ofB.attendC.hear fromD.listenA.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formativeA.themeB.topicC.ideaD.pointA.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extentA.diversionB.distinctionC.diversityD.similarity二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总
8、题数：1，分数：10.00)Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines, the Bug-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and feature that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily clad Earth
9、 girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and degrades a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In contrast to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it does, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction. Instead, the basic interest of scien
10、ce fiction lies in the relation between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to claim that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the aspects of human life tha
11、t it considers make it well worth reading and studying for no other literary form does quite the same things. What is science fiction? To begin, the following definition should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know
12、them and follows the implications of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and expanded, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a point of departure. The first point-that science fiction is a literary subgenre-is a very important one, but o
13、ne which is often overlooked or ignored in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is either a short story or a novel. There are only a few dramas which could be called science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Rossums Universal Robots) being the only one that is well known,
14、 the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves the same basic functions in much the same way as prose fiction in general, that is, it shares a
15、 great deal with all other novels and short stories. Everything that can be said about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, whether short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language, and theme. And like any
16、prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with interpreting mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and presented in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a part
17、icular combination of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would be for any other story or novel.（分数：10.00）(1).Science fiction is called a lit
18、erary subgenre because_.（分数：2.00）A.it is not important enough to be a literary genreB.it cannot be made into a dramatic presentationC.it shares characteristics with other types of prose fictionD.to call it a “genre“ would subject it to literary jargon(2).The final sentence in the text implies that_.
19、（分数：2.00）A.the reader should turn next to commentaries on general fictionB.there is no reason for any reader not to like science fictionC.the reader should compare other novels and stories to science fictionD.those who can appreciate prose fiction can appreciate science fiction(3).From the last para
20、graph, we know that people read science fiction especially for_.（分数：2.00）A.the discovery of meaningB.the beauty of languageC.the display of characterD.the psychological complexity(4).An appropriate title for this passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.On the Inaccuracies of Pulp MagazinesB.Toward a Definition
21、 of Science FictionC.A Type of Prose FictionD.Beyond the Bug-Eyed Monster(5).According to the author, the popular image of science fiction is_.（分数：2.00）A.prejudicedB.impartialC.worthyD.admiring五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This book is written expressly for students in an attempt to present the material t
22、hat is most useful and interesting to them. Previous courses in chemistry are not necessary for the understanding of the material, although those students who have had high school chemistry will find that a review of the inorganic section will better enable them to master the organic and biochemistr
23、y sections that follow. The author has felt that in the past there was an improper selection of material from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry in the majority of the textbooks of chemistry for nurse. The tendency has been to develop the inorganic chemistry to such an extent that organic and bioc
24、hemistry is covered too briefly. The recent advances in biochemistry and their widespread application to the practice of medicine and nursing have considerably altered the situation. Not only is biochemistry more closely allied to the practical chemistry of medicine and nursing but also it is of mor
25、e interest to the student. In the authors experience the response to biochemistry has always been more favorable than to the other sections. Within the brief period allotted to chemistry, therefore, the sections on inorganic, organic, and biochemistry should be so arranged that a good share of the t
26、ime is spent in the study of biochemistry. This book presents mainly those fundamentals of inorganic and organic chemistry that are necessary for the understanding of the section on biochemistry. The fundamental points suggested in the Curriculum Guide are included in the book, with some additions i
27、n the biochemistry section. The author feels that a study of urine, vitamins, nutrition, and hormones is so obviously a part of biochemistry that at least the fundamentals should be included in this course. The book has been planned in such a way that it may be adapted to various courses in chemistr
28、y. The material suggested by the Curriculum Guide is covered in the first nineteen chapters and may be used in accelerated courses or where minimum time is allotted to chemistry. When the time allotted to the course is sixty to ninety hours, the entire contents of the book may be used to advantage.
29、While the book has been written especially to fit the needs of Schools of Nursing, it could readily be applied in instances where students are required to take but one course in chemistry. The apathetic attitude of nonprofessional students toward a course in inorganic chemistry may well be overcome
30、by the proper presentation of material selected from inorganic, organic, and biochemistry.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE about reading the book?（分数：2.00）A.One must first review his high school courses.B.Previous courses in chemistry are necessary.C.A good mastery of biochemistry is ess
31、ential.D.One neednt have studied chemistry before.(2).In the authors experience, the students are most interested in_.（分数：2.00）A.chemistry as a wholeB.biochemistryC.inorganic chemistryD.organic chemistry(3).Para. 4 suggests that one characteristic of this book is its_.（分数：2.00）A.vividness of the lan
32、guageB.simplicity in presentationC.adaptability to various needsD.complexity of the plot(4).The authors attitude towards this book is_.（分数：2.00）A.doubtfulB.criticalC.apatheticD.approving(5).The purpose of this book is_.（分数：2.00）A.to provide students with helpful and interesting materialB.to preface
33、the Curriculum Guide with a brief account of biochemistryC.to present inorganic and organic chemistry in detailsD.to raise nonprofessional students interests in chemistry六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)New claims for unemployment insurance dipped last week, suggesting that companies are laying off fewer wor
34、kers as the budding economic recovery unfolds. The Labor Department reported on Thursday that for the work week ending April 27, new claims for jobless benefits went down by a seasonally adjusted 10,000 to 418,000, the lowest level since March 23In another report, orders to U. S. factories rose for
35、the fourth straight month, a solid 0.4 percent rise in March. The figure was largely boosted by stronger demand for unendurable goods, such as food, clothes, paper products and chemicals. Total unendurable goods were up 1.6 percent in March, the biggest increase in two years. Orders also rose for so
36、me manufactured goods, including metals, construction machinery, household appliances and defense equipment. The report reinforces the view that the nations manufacturers-which sharply cut production and saw hundreds of thousands of jobs evaporate during the recession-are on the comeback trail. Stoc
37、ks were rising again on Thursday. In the first half-four of trading, the Dow Jones industrial average was up 43 points and the Nasdaq index was up 14 points. In the jobless-claims report, even with the decline, a government analyst said, the level was inflated as a result of a technical fluke. The d
38、istortion is coming from a requirement that laid-off workers seeking to take advantage of a federal extension for benefits must summit new claims. Congress recently passed legislation signed into law by President Bush that provided a 13-week extension of jobless benefits. The fluck has clouded the l
39、ayoffs picture for several weeks. But the government analyst said the refilling requirement is having much less of an effect on the claims numbers than in previous weeks. The more stable four-week moving average of new claims, which smoothes out weekly fluctuation, also fell last week to 435750, the
40、 lowest level since the beginning of April. But the number of workers continuing to receive unemployment benefits rose to 3.8 million for the work week ending April 20, evidence that people who are out of work are having trouble finding new jobs. Economists predict that job growth wont be strong eno
41、ugh in the coming months to prevent the nations unemployment rate-now at 5.7 percent-from rising. Many economists are forecasting a rise in Aprils jobless rate to 5.8 percent and estimating that businesses added around 55,000 jobs during the month. The government will release the April employment re
42、port on Friday. Even as the economy bounces back from recession, some economists expect the jobless rate will peak to just over 6 percent by June. That is because companies will be reluctant to quickly hire back laid-off workers until they are assured the recovery is here to stay. Given the fledging
43、 rebound, many economists expect the Federal Reserve to leave short-term interest rates-now at 40-year lows-unchanged when it meets on May 7The Fed adjusted interest rates 11 times in a row last year to rescue the economy from recession, which began in May 2001.（分数：10.00）(1).The fact that new claims
44、 for jobless benefits decreased shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.the economy is well on its way to recoveryB.more jobless workers have found new jobsC.companies have slowed down firing workersD.unemployment rates fluctuate on a seasonal basis(2).What is the present situation of the manufacturing industry?（分数：
45、2.00）A.It is recovering.B.It now suffers much setback.C.It has opened up thousands of employment opportunities.D.It has increased the production of unendurable goods.(3).In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the “ level“ refers to the level of_.（分数：2.00）A.unemploymentB.growth of productionC
46、.new jobless claimsD.rise of the stocks(4).Which of the following was on the rise in April?（分数：2.00）A.New claims for jobless benefits.B.The number of workers laid off.C.The number of people living on jobless benefits.D.The number of people finding new jobs.(5).One result of the present budding econo
47、mic recovery is the_.（分数：2.00）A.reduction in unemployment rateB.gradual rise of the interest ratesC.reduced new claims for unemployment insuranceD.reduction in inflation rate七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Horse thieves, cattle rustlers, bank robbers, train and stagecoach robbers, highwaymen, murderers, the
48、se were but some of the criminals who infested the American frontier during the 19th century. In English legend Robin Hood can be considered a bandit, but the outlaws of the Old West were far more violent men and women without any scruples when it came to taking property or life. The careers of many
49、 outlaws have been glamorized through fictional accounts of their deeds and their exploits have been the basis for many movie scripts. The era of the American outlaw lasted about 100 years roughly from 1800 to 1900There had been lawlessness during the Colonial Era. Frontiers have always attracted misfits, failures and renegades who hope to profit by being beyond the reach of government. In the years just before the Revolutionary War, gangs of horse thieves in the back country of South Carolina were broken up by org
