1、考研英语-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A persons home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) “ U U 1 /U /Uhome“. But in general, an
2、d especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practicalU U 2 /U /Uof cash and location on U U 3 /U /Uthat idea.Cash shortage, in fact, often means that the only way of U U 4 /U /Uwhen you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things U U 5 /U /Ufinancially. There are obvious
3、 U U 6 /U /Uof living at home-personal laundry is usually U U 7 /U /Udone along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to call U U 8 /U /UAnd there is U U 9 /U /Uthe responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, much depends o
4、n how a family U U 10 /U /U. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family-U U 11 /U /Udo you like them? Are you prepared to be U U 12 /U /Uwhen your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) U U 13 /U /U
5、, and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you U U 14 /U /Ufinding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are U U 15 /U /Uwell-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always a good U U 16 /U /Uof information. If you are going to work
6、 in a U U 17 /U /Uarea, again there are the papers-and the accommodation agencies, U U 18 /U /Uthese should be approached with U U 19 /U /UAgencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the U U 20 /U /Uof the first weeks rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.（分数：10.00）(1). A. ideal
7、B. perfect C. imaginary D. satisfactory（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. deficiencies B. weaknesses C. insufficiencies D. limitations（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. dreaming B. achieving C. considering D. getting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. getting over B. keeping up C. making up D. getting along（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A
8、. improve B. enhance C. develop D. proceed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. concerns B. issues C. advantages D. problems（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. still B. always C. habitually D. consequently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. in B. over C. upon D. out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. always B. rarely C. little D. sometimes（分数：0
9、.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. carries on B. sticks to C. takes after D. gets on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. and B. but C. still D. or（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. tolerant B. hostile C. indifferent D. good-tempered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. agreement B. consensus C. compromise D. deal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. go abo
10、ut B. put forward C. go in for D. deal with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. seldom B. less C. probably D. certainly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. origin B. source C. channel D. resource（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. familiar B. remote C. humid D. new（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. though B. while C. since D. as（分数：0.50）A.
11、B.C.D.(19). A. enthusiasm B. hesitation C. caution D. anxiety（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. same B. equivalent C. equal D. similarity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is not quite Benidorm yet, but Antarctica has become an increasingly
12、 popular destination for the more adventurous tourist. In this years southern-hemisphere summer season, running from November to March, as many as 39,000 visitors are expected to make the trip from Tierra del Fuego, the nearest jumping-off point to the worlds emptiest continent. That amounts to a fo
13、urfold increase in a decade. Officials in both Chile and Argentina are getting increasingly worried about the risk of a fatal accident-“a new Titanic“ as one Chilean naval officer puts it.Nobody has died so far, but there have been some near-collisions. In 2007 more than 150 people were evacuated wh
14、en their ship, the Explorer, sank after hitting an iceberg near the South Shetland Islands. They were “very lucky with the weather“, says Chiles deputy minister for the navy, Carolina Echeverria. That was one of only two accidents last season, with a similar number the previous year and one so far t
15、his season.Help is usually not far away. Although cruise ships plan their route so as to keep out of each others sight, there are generally 20 to 30 boats heading to or from the Antarctic Peninsula on any one day. Even so, surviving an accident is something of a lottery. It depends partly on the wea
16、ther. Not all the ships have the covered lifeboats recommended for polar conditions. Small boats, like the Explorer, have a better chance of being able to transfer their passengers if they get into difficulties. But some cruise ships visiting Antarctica now carry almost 3,000 passengers-more than te
17、n times the limit that offers a reasonable chance of timely rescue. according to Chiles navy.The navy is annoyed about the cost of patrols, rescue operations and cleaning up fuel spills. It wants legally binding rules, backed by penalties, for Antarctic cruise ships. But that is hard to achieve. Und
18、er the 1959 Antarctic Treaty no country can exercise sovereignty over any part of the continent and its waters are international. Some rules on tourism have been written under the treaty: cruise ships carrying over 500 passengers cannot make landings, for example. But these are not legally enforceab
19、le. Neither will be rules being debated by the United Nations International Maritime Organization on safety requirements.Some tour operators say they would welcome tighter regulation and higher safety standards. Others insist that safety is already adequate. The world recession may place a temporary
20、 brake on the trade. But Chilean officials reckon that the trend to big cruise ships, with their cheaper fares, will resume once recovery comes. If so, a tragedy may be only a matter of time.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that Antarctica has A. become a Benidorm-like tourist destina
21、tion. B. witnessed more fatal accidents than before. C. attracted more bold guests than before. D. experienced a new Titanic period.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Explorer is mentioned in paragraph 2 to show that A. its perfectly safe to visit Antarctica. B. the weather will help people survive. C. nobody
22、 has died from accidents so far. D. accidents occur occasionally in this area.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).“Help is usually not far away“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) suggests that A. cruise ships plan to keep themselves away from other boats. B. surviving an accident depends largely on the weather. C. boats sail
23、frequently around the visiting area of the cruise ships. D. cruise ships are equipped with lifeboats for passengers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the Antarctic Treaty, A. the navy should rescue as many survivors as possible in spite of high cost. B. no country is entitled to the rights of Antarc
24、tic continent and its waters. C. Antarctica should be open to the world without any form of restrictions. D. rules concerning Antarctica should be approved by the United Nations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A. tour operators are eager to see more regulations c
25、oncerning Antarctica. B. safety issues should not be worried about no matter how many cruise ships come. C. the world recession helps tour operators to reduce their fares. D. when more and more visitors come to Antarctica, a tragedy is foreseeable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Science
26、and its practical applications in the form of technology, or the “science“ of the industrial arts, as Webster defines the term, have had an enormous impact on modem society and culture. For generations it was believed that science and technology would provide the solutions to the problem of human su
27、ffering disease, famine, war, and poverty. But today these problems remain; in fact, many argue that they are expanding. Some even conclude that science and technology as presently constituted are not capable of meeting the collective needs of mankind. A more radical position is that modem scientifi
28、c methods and institutions, because of their very nature and structure, thwart basic human needs and emotions; the catastrophes of todays world, and the greatest threat to its future, some claim, are the direct consequences of science and technology.A major paradox has been created: scientific ratio
29、nality taken as the supreme form of the application of the rational faculties of human beings and which, along with its practical applications in the form of technological development, have liberated man from ignorance, from the whims and oppressions of a relentless nature and while having subordina
30、ted the earth to man, has become the potential instrument of the self-destruction of the human species. War, pollution, and economic oppression are seen as the inevitable results of scientific advance by large sections of the public. The atomic disaster of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings are see
31、n as the products of an uninterested scientific rationality.In recent decades in the West there has emerged a wave of anti-scientific, antirational moods, especially among the young people, which threatens a complete rejection not simply of the technological fruits of science, but of scientific rati
32、onalism as well, in favor of one or another version of mysticism, irrationalism, and primitivism-or as one philosopher of science has called it, of blood and soil philosophy. Wartovsky has described the argument of the anti-science people as one in which we are warned to “listen to the blood, get ba
33、ck to our roots, and cast out the evil demons of a blind and inhuman rationality, and thereby we will save ourselves“. The only “reasonable thing“ to do, according to the oppositionist, is to reject reason itself-at least in its scientific form. The very rejection of that reason, in “reasonable“ ter
34、ms, is in itself a paradox.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, science and technology hindered humans needs and emotions in that A. science and technology are not capable of meeting all human needs. B. the problems of human sufferings still remain today. C. the nature and the structure of modern
35、 science is inappropriate. D. science and technology cause many catastrophes and pose a great threat to future.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By saying “. having subordinated the earth to man“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2), the author implies that science and technology A. have enslaved human beings. B. have led to t
36、he rain of civilization. C. have freed human beings from ignorance. D. have helped human beings to conquer the Nature.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).For the anti-science people, the results of the scientific development has been caused by A. an increase in human problems. B. the atomic disaster. C. natural an
37、d economic oppression. D. the scientific rationalism.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true of the anti-science people? A. They argue about that famine, war, and poverty are increasing. B. They are still not too disillusioned on human situations. C. They do not believe anything at all.
38、D. They are most eager to reject scientific application.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards the anti-scientific wave might be A. approval. B. disapproval. C. neutral. D. subjective.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fat: what is it good for? Absolutely nothing, or so you might
39、 think. But obesity seems to protect mice against a fatal form of malaria-cerebral malaria. Working out how it has this effect might lead to new treatments for people.Although obesity is now on the rise in the developing world, it has traditionally been seen as a malaise of the rich. In contrast, ma
40、laria tends to be regarded as a disease of the poor, so few people have studied how the two conditions affect each other. In mice meanwhile, there are signs that diabetes, which often affects obese people, might offer some protection against malaria.To find out more about how obesity affects malaria
41、 in mice, Vincent Robert at the Institute for Development Research (IRD) in Paris, France, and colleagues injected 14 obese and 14 non-obese mice with the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. After six days, eight of the non-obese mice died from cerebral malaria, which causes coma and death in human
42、s, and the rest died about two weeks later from severe anemia because the parasite had destroyed their red blood cells. In contrast, none of the obese mice showed signs of cerebral malaria. Although they all eventually succumbed to severe anemia and died 18 to 25 days after infection, anemia can be
43、treated-so obesity did seem to offer mice some useful protection.Exactly how the obese mice resist malaria is not clear, says Delphine Depoix from the Museum of Natural History in Paris, but there are several possibilities. One clue lies in a mutation in the gene coding for the leptin, a hormone pro
44、duced by fat cells, which makes the mice obese, but also controls the immune response. Previous research has shown that obese mice with the leptin mutation often react to infections with a “Th2“ rather than “Th1“ response. As Th1 in mice is thought to trigger the inflammation that helps cerebral mal
45、aria to kill its victims, Depoix speculates that the Th2 response might be protecting the obese mice. Another possible explanation is that the abnormally high blood sugar associated with obesity in both mice and people “might compensate“ for the low blood sugar caused by severe malaria, says Depoix,
46、 allowing the mice to better cope with parasite infection.Andrew Prentice of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine says that figuring out how the mice resist malaria will be crucial to developing new treatments for people with malaria. His colleague Christopher Whitty warns that any ins
47、ights drawn from these results are preliminary: “Mouse models are always useful in raising hypotheses but cannot settle them as far as cerebral malaria is concerned.“（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph suggests that obesity A. has negative effect on the people. B. appears helpful in protecting mice from cerebral malaria. C. leads to new medical treatments for sick people. D. does more good than harm to people.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Few people have conducted research on the relations between malaria and obesity because A. more and more people suffer from obesity in the developing world. B.
